Indonesian Institute of Sciences

About: Indonesian Institute of Sciences is a facility organization based out in Jakarta, Indonesia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Biology. The organization has 4795 authors who have published 10544 publications receiving 76990 citations. The organization is also known as: Indonesian Institute of Sciences Cibinong, Indonesia.

Production of hydrophobic amino acids from biobased resources: wheat gluten and rubber seed proteins

Abstract: Protein hydrolysis enables production of peptides and free amino acids that are suitable for usage in food and feed or can be used as precursors for bulk chemicals. Several essential amino acids for food and feed have hydrophobic side chains; this property may also be exploited for subsequent separation. Here, we present methods for selective production of hydrophobic amino acids from proteins. Selectivity can be achieved by selection of starting material, selection of hydrolysis conditions, and separation of achieved hydrolysate. Several protease combinations were applied for hydrolysis of rubber seed protein concentrate, wheat gluten, and bovine serum albumin (BSA). High degree of hydrolysis (>50 %) could be achieved. Hydrophobic selectivity was influenced by the combination of proteases and by the extent of hydrolysis. Combination of Pronase and Peptidase R showed the highest selectivity towards hydrophobic amino acids, roughly doubling the content of hydrophobic amino acids in the products compared to the original substrates. Hydrophobic selectivity of 0.6 mol-hydrophobic/mol-total free amino acids was observed after 6 h hydrolysis of wheat gluten and 24 h hydrolysis of rubber seed proteins and BSA. The results of experiments with rubber seed proteins and wheat gluten suggest that this process can be applied to agro-industrial residues.

Intergroup contact avoidance in indonesia

Abstract: The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between ethno-religious identification and the avoidance of intergroup contact between Muslims and Christians in Ambon and Yogyakarta with considering individual factors Also, this study aims to fill the gap in literature between studies that emphasize economic and political contestation as the main sources of conflict and studies that focus on prejudice and discrimination as the causes of conflict Lastly, this study focuses on examining ethnic group conflict theory, which is relevant to the analysis of ethno-religious conflicts in Western countries The central research question is to what extent is there a relationship between ethno-religious identification among Christians and Muslims in Ambon and Yogyakarta, and avoidance of intergroup contact considering other individual-level determinants and particular intermediate determinants (salience of identity, perceived threats, intergroup contact, religiocentrism, attitudes toward religious plurality, interpretation of sacred writing, perceived discrimination, individual memory of violence, nationalistic attitudes, distrust, and social dominance orientation) I use both qualitative and quantitative methods as approaches to gathering and analysing data to support this study The data collection methods included surveys, interviews, literature studies, and observations Surveys were conducted among students at the undergraduate level with a minimum of second year standing from six universities in Ambon and Yogyakarta Keywords : contact avoidance, ethno-religious identification, perceived-threat, religious pluralism ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan antara identifikasi etno-religius dan perilaku menghindari interaksi antarkelompok, antara Muslim dan Kristen di Ambon dan Yogyakarta, dengan mempertimbangkan faktor-faktor pada tingkat individu Selain itu, studi ini juga dimaksudkan untuk mengisi kesenjangan dalam literatur antara studi yang menekankan kontestasi ekonomi dan politik sebagai sumber utama konflik dan studi yang berfokus pada prasangka dan diskriminasi sebagai penyebab konflik Terakhir, penelitian ini difokuskan pada menguji teori konflik etnis yang relevan dengan analisis konflik etnik-agama di negara-negara Barat pada konteks Asia Tenggara Pertanyaan penelitian studi ini adalah sejauh mana hubungan antara identifikasi etnikreligius di antara komunitas Muslim dan Kristiani di Ambon dan Yogyakarta dengan perilaku mereka menghindari interaksi antarkelompok etnik-religius dengan mempertimbangkan faktor-faktor indivdu, seperti perceived threat, religious pluralism, perceived discrimination, dan kontak anatrkelompok serta memori kekerasan Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan mix method untuk mengumpulkan dan menganalisis data Metode pengumpulan data termasuk survei, wawancara, studi literatur, dan observasi Survei dilakukan di kalangan mahasiswa tingkat sarjana dengan minimal tahun kedua di enam universitas di Ambon dan Yogyakarta Kata kunci : perilaku menghindari interaksi, identifikasi etno-religius, perasaan terancam, pluralism keagamaan

Mitochondrial Haplotypes Indicate Parapatric-like Phylogeographic Structure in Blue-Spotted Maskray (Neotrygon kuhlii) from the Coral Triangle Region

Abstract: Phylogeographic structure was investigated in the blue-spotted maskray, Neotrygon kuhlii, focusing on the Coral Triangle region. We used as genetic marker a 519-bp fragment of the cytochrome c-oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, sequenced in a total of 147 individuals from 26 sampling locations. The parsimony network of COI haplotypes was split into seven distinct clades within the Coral Triangle region. Different clades had exclusive but contiguous geographic distributions, indicating parapatric-like phylogeographic structure. Strong genetic differences were also inferred between local populations within a clade, where reciprocal monophyly between geographically adjacent samples was observed on several instances. Nearly 25% of the total molecular variance could be ascribed to differences between geographic samples within a clade, whereas interclade variation accounted for >65% of the total variance. The strong phylogeographic structure observed within a clade can be explained by either sedentarity or female philopatry. We interpret the parapatric distribution of clades as the joint result of 1) expansion from refuge populations at times of low sea level, and 2) possible enhanced competition between individuals from different clades, or assortative mating, or hybrid zones, along lines of secondary contact. The parapatric-like structure uncovered in the present study parallels regional differences at nuclear marker loci, thus pointing to incipient speciation within Coral Triangle N. kuhlii.

Content validity of critical success factors for e-Government implementation in Indonesia

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to validate the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) of e-Government implementation in Indonesia. The e-Government initiative conducted only to obey the regulation but ignoring the quality. Defining CSFs will help government agencies to avoid failure of e-Government projects. A survey with the questionnaire was used to validate the item of CSF based on expert judgment through two round of Delphi. The result showed from 67 subjects in instrument tested; there are 11 invalid items deleted and remain only 56 items that had good content validity and internal reliability. Therefore, all 56 CSFs should be adopted by government agencies in Indonesia to support e-Government implementation.

Evaluating the drivers of Indo-Pacific biodiversity: speciation and dispersal of sea snakes (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae)

Abstract: Aim: There are several competing hypotheses to explain the high species richness of the Indo-Australian Archipelago (IAA) marine biodiversity hotspot centred within Southeast (SE) Asia. We use phylogenetic methods to provide a novel perspective on this problem using viviparous sea snakes, a group with high species richness in the IAA that is highly distinct from other taxa previously studied, both phylogenetically (Reptilia, Amniota) and biologically (e.g.viviparity and direct development). Location: Indian Ocean and the West Pacific. Methods: We used likelihood and Bayesian methods to reconstruct a multi-locus time-calibrated phylogeny for c.70% of viviparous sea snake species, many sampled from multiple localities in Australasia, Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean. We then compared rates and temporal concordance of inferred vicariance and dispersal events between marine basins using several approaches including new Bayesian analyses that allow for clade-specific and event-specific dispersal rates. Results: Phylogenetic analyses and novel Bayesian biogeographical reconstructions indicate that viviparous sea snakes underwent rapid speciation after colonizing SE Asia c.3 million years ago. Most of the SE Asian sea snake diversity is the result of insitu speciation, most consistent with the 'centre of origin' and 'centre of refuge' models for biodiversity hotspots. There is also speciation at the periphery, or entirely outside SE Asia; however, contrary to predictions of the 'accumulation' and 'overlap' models, these new outlying taxa do not preferentially disperse back into SE Asia. Instead, lineages are equally likely to disperse either into or away from SE Asia. Main conclusion: The high diversity of sea snakes in SE Asia (and hence the IAA) is mostly explained by insitu speciation rather than accumulation or overlap. Most speciation events are contemporaneous with sea level changes that generated and dissolved barriers between marine basins during the last 2.5 million years.