Indonesian Institute of Sciences

About: Indonesian Institute of Sciences is a facility organization based out in Jakarta, Indonesia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Genus. The organization has 4795 authors who have published 10544 publications receiving 76990 citations. The organization is also known as: Indonesian Institute of Sciences Cibinong, Indonesia.

Effect on α-glucosidase inhibition and antioxidant activities of butyrolactone derivatives from Aspergillus terreus MC751.

Abstract: Butyrolactone I and II from Aspergillus terreus MC751 as well as three synthetic butyrolactone I derivatives were assessed for α-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities. Butyrolactone I (1), which has a prenyl side chain and an alpha hydroxy-lactone group, was the most potent α-glucosidase inhibitor and also had antioxidant activities with IC50 values of 52.17 ± 5.68 and 51.39 ± 3.68 μM, respectively. In contrast, butyrolactone II (2) lacking a prenyl side chain was the most potent antioxidant with an IC50 of 17.64 ± 6.41 μM, but was less active against α-glucosidase. Acetylation of all hydroxyl groups of butyrolactone I significantly decreased both the α-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activity. The prenyl and alpha hydroxy-lactone groups seem to have a synergic effect on the inhibitory activity but not antioxidant activity. This is the first structure–activity relationship report on the α-glucosidase inhibition and antioxidant activity by butyrolactone derivatives.

Rupture and variable coupling behavior of the Mentawai segment of the Sunda megathrust during the supercycle culmination of 1797 to 1833

Abstract: We refer to periods of subduction strain accumulation beneath the Mentawai Islands, Sumatra, as “supercycles,” because each culminates in a series of partial ruptures of the megathrust in its final decades. The finale of the previous supercycle comprised two giant earthquakes in 1797 and 1833 and whatever happened in between. This behavior between two great ruptures has implications for how the megathrust will behave between its more recent partial failure, during the M_w 8.4 earthquake of 2007, and subsequent large ruptures. We synthesize previously published coral microatoll records and a large new coral data set to constrain not only these two giant ruptures but also the intervening interseismic megathrust behavior. We present detailed maps of coseismic uplift during the two earthquakes and of interseismic deformation during the periods 1755–1833 and 1950–2000, as well as models of the corresponding slip and coupling on the underlying megathrust. The large magnitudes we derive (M_w 8.6–8.8 for 1797 and M_w 8.8–8.9 for 1833) confirm that the 2007 earthquakes released only a fraction of the moment released during the previous rupture sequence. Whereas megathrust behavior leading up to the 1797 and 2007 earthquakes was similar and comparatively simple, behavior between 1797 and 1833 was markedly different and more complex: several patches of the megathrust became weakly coupled following the 1797 earthquake. We conclude that while major earthquakes generally do not involve rupture of the entire Mentawai segment, they may significantly change the state of coupling on the megathrust for decades to follow, influencing the progression of subsequent ruptures.

Scalar phenomenology in type-II seesaw model

Abstract: In this work we study the viable parameter space of the scalar sector in the type-II seesaw model. In identifying the allowed parameter space, we employ constraints from low energy precision measurements, theoretical considerations and the 125-GeV Higgs data. These tools prove effective in constraining the model parameter space. Moreover, the triplet also offers a rich collider phenomenology from having additional scalars that have unique collider signatures. We find that direct collider searches for these scalars can further probe various parts of the viable parameter space. These parts can be parametrized by the electroweak scalar triplet vacuum expectation value, the mass splitting of the singly- and doubly-charged scalars, and the doubly-charged Higgs mass. We find that different regions of the viable parameter space give rise to different collider signatures, such as the same-sign dilepton, the same-sign W and the multilepton signatures. By investigating various LEP and LHC measurements, we derive the most updated constraints over the whole range of parameter space of the type-II seesaw model.

Welfare impacts of the illegal wildlife trade in a cohort of confiscated greater slow lorises, Nycticebus coucang.

Abstract: Illegal harvesting and trade are major forces behind population declines of wild slow lorises (genus Nycticebus). The impacts of the wildlife trade on individual slow lorises have not been as well described. In this article, we describe quantitatively the consequences of the wildlife trade for 77 greater slow lorises, N. coucang, who were confiscated en masse and brought to Cikananga Wildlife Center in Indonesia. Medical records indicated that in total, 28.6% of the slow lorises died within the first 6 months, mostly due to traumatic injury, and all the infants died. The greatest sources of morbidity were external wounds (33.1% of 166 total medical events) and dental problems (19.3%). Of the surviving individuals, 25.4% displayed abnormal behavior. Behavioral observations indicated that healthy adults (n = 3) spent 48.2% of their active period performing stereotypies. These data illustrate the physical and behavioral impacts of the illegal wildlife trade on the welfare of slow lorises. We suggest ...