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Showing papers by "Institut national de la recherche agronomique published in 1976"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Among the known dwarfing genes, the recessive sex-linked dw gene (Hutt, 1949) is the only one which reduces body size without any marked detrimental effect upon reproductive abil...
Abstract: Among the known dwarfing genes, the recessive sex-linked dw gene (Hutt, 1949) is, with its alleles, the only one which reduces body size without any marked detrimental effect upon reproductive abil...

80 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The lytic activity of 132 phages isolated during slow acid production in cheese factories situated in all the dairying regions of France during the past 16 years has been determined on 291 strains of mesophilic lactic streptococci, and six groups of phages have been formed.
Abstract: The lytic activity of 132 phages isolated during slow acid production in cheese factories situated in all the dairying regions of France during the past 16 years has been determined on 291 strains of mesophilic lactic streptococci The results have been treated according to a method of analysis of data so as to establish a classification Six groups of phages have thus been formed Sixty-six percent of the phages studied, which are very similar and for the most part nonspecific to one species, have been gathered together in one group On the other hand, a classification of the bacterial strains has been made on their sensitivity to the phages Six groups, each corresponding to one of these groups of phages, have thus been defined One of them accounts for 40% of the strains studied, of which certain ones are sensitive to a large number of phages

68 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In the first part, the reasons for the choice of Carbowax 20M-terephthalic acid as a liquid phase are indicated and the technique for preparation of columns is descirbed and examples of chromatograms are given.
Abstract: In the first part, the reasons for the choice of Carbowax 20M-terephthalic acid as a liquid phase are indicated and the technique for preparation of columns is descirbed. The ECL of 14 to 24 carbon fatty acids (branched and positional isomers of unsaturated acids) as well as the accuracy of determination of some fatty acids, are presented. In the second part, examples of chromatograms are given as well as tables concerning the composition of various fats: vegetable oils, depot fats, and fats from organs of monogastric species, polygastric species, and fish.

60 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that control of reproduction, as well as reduction of the weaning age represent two means liable to increase the numerical productivity of French sow herds.

60 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a modele numerique de dispersion des polluants atmospheriques was used for analysing the effets d'un couvert vegetal sur les concentrations aeriennes.

54 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used antiserum to synthetic LHRH-secreting neurons and their axonal pathways in the brain of Xenopus laevis to identify three groups of immunoreactive neurons: the first is a paired group of cells scattered near the two telencephalic ventricles; the second group lies near the preoptic recess; the third group occurs in the ventral wall of the infundibulum.
Abstract: Rabbit antiserum to synthetic LHRH was used with the immunofluorescence technique to identify the LHRH-secreting neurons and their axonal pathways in the brain of Xenopus laevis. Three groups of immunoreactive neurons were identified: the first, in the telencephalon, is a paired group of cells scattered near the two telencephalic ventricles; the second group lies near the preoptic recess; the third group occurs in the ventral wall of the infundibulum. Two principal neuronal pathways were observed: Fibres originating from the dorsally located telencephalic neurons converge on the cephalic median plane where they form a single bundle behind the telencephalic furrow. This bundle descends towards the anterior border of the preoptic recess where it divides into two nerve bundles which pass on either side of the preoptic recess, run above the optic chiasma then cross the infundibular floor and finally terminate in the median eminence. The second pathway is more direct. The more ventrally located telencephalic LHRH cells give rise to this second pathway. Their axons converge with the other LHRH fibres near the lateral border of the preoptic recess. Most of the LHRH nerve fibres terminate in the median eminence although some terminate near the paired pars tuberalis. No reaction was observed after the use of antiserum absorbed with synthetic antigen.

53 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that PR toxin inhibits both initiation and elongation of the polynucleotide chain in the transcription process affected, and in vitro results suggest thatPR toxin impairs the activity of the RNA polymerase itself.

49 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Previously acquired continuous avoidance performance of pigs in a shuttle-box was modified by a Pavlovian fear-conditioning procedure and pigs treated with diazepam both during learning and performance of fear conditioning showed some evidence of performance facilitation.
Abstract: Previously acquired continuous avoidance performance of pigs in a shuttle-box was modified by a Pavlovian fear-conditioning procedure Diazepam (1 mg/kg) given before the Pavlovian conditioning session prevented the increase in corticosteroids and the impairment of performance in the subsequent test session before the presentation of the fear signal Diazepam given before the Pavlovian conditioning session and/or the test session did not prevent the increase of response to the CS presentation; however, the temporal pattern of increase differed according to the drug condition: the diazepam treatment on the day of the test significantly delayed the peak of responding to the CS; in pigs treated with diazepam on the day of Pavlovian conditioning and with saline on the day of test, the increase of response was dif- fuse instead of being localized to the CS presentation period Pigs treated with diazepam both during learn- ing and performance of fear conditioning showed some evidence of performance facilitation Usual unitary interpretations cannot account for such results which would appear to be the net result of several intermingled effects among which state-dependent learning, acquisition deficit, and performance facilita- tion seem to be of importance

45 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that egg formation acts on the intestinal composition via the proventriculus and gizzard rather than through a direct effect on the intestine.
Abstract: 1. The osmotic pressure of the liquid phase of the contents of the small intestine is always hypertonic to plasma and not affected by egg formation. 2. Chloride concentration is higher during shell calcification, sodium and calcium concentrations increase at the end of shell deposition while calcium concentration shows a cyclic variation with a maximum 18 h after ovulation. 3. The relationships between the ions and water of the duodenum and upper jejunum are modified by egg formation: the apparent reduction of Na+ and W+ is compensated by an increase in Ca2+. 4. It is concluded that egg formation acts on the intestinal composition via the proventriculus and gizzard rather than through a direct effect on the intestine.

36 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that the processing of poly(A) addition to mrna might simply be non-quantitative when large amounts of mRNA are synthesized.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1976-Lait
TL;DR: HAL as discussed by the authors is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not, which may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.
Abstract: HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Caractérisation de l’activité protéolytique et fractionnement des dipeptidases et des aminopeptidases de Streptococcus Thermophilus M. J. Desmazeaud, Maryse Juge

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, rat foetuses were encephalectomized in utero on day 16 of pregnancy to investigate whether the hypothalamus is involved in the cytodifferentiation of the anterior pituitary gland.
Abstract: To investigate whether the hypothalamus is involved in the cytodifferentiation of the anterior pituitary gland, rat foetuses were encephalectomized in utero on day 16 of pregnancy.

Journal ArticleDOI
02 Dec 1976-Nature
TL;DR: Experiments described here have been designed to resolve the problem of how prolactin exerts its inhibitory function at the ovarian level and to exclude an eventual action on the hypothalamo–hypophysial axis.
Abstract: The pituitary response to luteinzing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) was studied in lactating and nonlactating spayed ewes. During the 1st 4 weeks postpartum the release of LH in response to LH-RH increased progressivily to a constant pattern in lactating animals. However as the pattern of LH release was indistinguishable from controls it was concluded that prolactin does not alter the ability of the pituitary to release LH in response to LH-RH. Similarly the LH response to LH-RH in nonlactating spayed ewes was not modified by hyperprolactinemia. Another experiment was performed to determine whether the positive feedback effect of estradiol on the hypothalamus was impaired by high prolactin levels. The most effective dose of estra diol-17beta was rendered ineffective by thyrotopin-releasing hormone induction of hyperprolactinemia. The results suggest that high prolactin levels are involed in the suppression of ovulation during lactation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Klenow subfragment of the E.Coli DNA polymerase I was as efficient as the avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase in the synthesis of cDNA and was used for the detection and the quantification of the mRNA template in various RNA fractions.
Abstract: E.Coli DNA polymerase I (Klenow subfragment) was used for the synthesis of complementary DNA with the mRNAs for rabbit milk proteins as templates. The cDNA formed, contained 200 nucleotides and represented about 20% of the mRNA template. The cDNA was hybridized specifically to the mRNA templates. The Klenow subfragment of the E.Coli DNA polymerase I was as efficient as the avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase in the synthesis of cDNA. The mean size of the cDNA fragments obtained with the Klenow enzyme proved to be 70% of the value obtained with the AMV reverse transcriptase and at least twice the value generally obtained with the complete E.Coli DNA polymerase I. The cDNA was used for the detection and the quantification of the mRNA template in various RNA fractions.


Journal ArticleDOI
30 Jun 1976-OENO One
TL;DR: The analysis of the external structure of the vine shoot showed a subdivision of the shoot into three zones in which the growth speed of the leaves is variable, and confirmed the existence of three foliar screws.
Abstract: L'analyse de la structure externe du sarment de vigne a permis d'etablir : l'evolution de sa surface foliaire totale au cours du temps ; les courbes de croissance des feuilles de rang different, faisant apparaitre la subdivision du rameau en trois zones ou la vitesse de croissance des feuilles est variable ; la confirmation de l'existence de trois helices foliaires dont les effets se manifestent sur les aires des feuilles, en particulier pour les plus âgees.Ces observations d'interet general ont conduit a une application pratique interessante : l'elaboration d'une technique d'echantillonnage pour mesurer la surface foliaire totale d'un sarment, puis d'une plante. La precision se situe aux alentours de 95 p. 100 si l'en mesure environ 30 p. 100 des feuilles du rameau reparties egalement dans les trois tiers et sur chacune des trois helices foliaires.+++The analysis of the external structure of the vine shoot has allowed us to establish : the evolution of whole leaf area throughout the season and the growth curves concerning the leaves of different levels. This analysis showed a subdivision of the shoot into three zones in which the growth speed of the leaves is variable, and confirmed the existence of three foliar screws ; this is particulary evident in the oldest leaf areas.These general observations has led us to an useful and interesting application : the elaboration of a sampling technique measuring the whole leaf area of a shoot, then of a plant. The precision is approximately 95 p. 100, if we measure 30 p. 100 of the leaves of a shoot, equally distributed in the three zones and on each of the three foliar screws.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the distribution of the number of brucella organisms in the spleen of mice, vaccinated or not and challenged intraperitoneally with 200 000 B. abortus strain 544, was studied in groups of six mice 15 days after challenge.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A strain ofPlutella maculipennis was held under high selection pressure byBacillus thuringiensis spore-crystal complex (standard E 61) for 10 generations and no significant difference of susceptibility was observed when compared to the control strain.
Abstract: Une forte pression de selection (DL 90) est exercee pendant 10 generations consecutives sur une lignee dePlutella maculipennisCurt., a l'aide du complexe cristaux-spores d'unBacillus thuringiensis (standard E 61). Les survivants de chaque generation sont soumis a la pression selective au debut du 4e et dernier âge larvaire, en pulverisant la preparation bacterienne en suspension aqueuse sur l'aliment vegetal. A la 11e generation, comparativement a la lignee de reference, aucune difference significative de sensibilite n'est constatee entre les deux lignees.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Four C -glucosylflavones were isolated from muskmelon leaves and shown to be 6-C-diglucosylapigenin (meloside A),6- C -diglUCosyl-luteolin (Meloside L), and the respective caffeyl esters of melosides A and meloside I.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Valine-Isoleucine Interaction, Tobacco Protoplasts ʟ-valine inhibits the division of haploid tobacco mesophyll protoplasts and this inhibition is reversed by simultaneous addition of ʞ-isoleucine to the culture medium.
Abstract: Abstract Valine-Isoleucine Interaction, Tobacco Protoplasts ʟ-valine inhibits the division of haploid tobacco mesophyll protoplasts. This inhibition is reversed by simultaneous addition of ʟ-isoleucine to the culture medium.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Three different immunocytochemical techniques were used to identify and characterize the thyrotropic cells in the pituitary of normal guinea pigs at the ultrastructural level, with positive staining seen in the cytoplasm and the outer surface of most of the rough endoplasmic reticulum membranes.
Abstract: Three different immunocytoenzymatic techniques were used to identify and characterize the thyrotropic cells in the pituitary of normal guinea pigs at the ultrastructural level (superimposition technique, immunocytochemical technique using P.A.P. and indirect immunohistoenzymatic method before embedding). These cells are characterized by a dark cytoplasm with granules ranging from 1500 to 2000 A in diameter. The appearance of these granules is very variable: some display a marked electron density and are homogeneous but some have a less marked electron density with a more electron dense peripherally situated region. The TSH molecules are essentially confined to the granules but when the immunocytochemical reactions are carried out before embedding, positive staining is also seen in the cytoplasm and the outer surface of most of the rough endoplasmic reticulum membranes. These results are discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The selection of clones resistant to methionine antagonists was undertaken on baby hamster Kidney cells grown in a meth ionine free medium, supplemented with homocystine, folic acid and hydroxo‐B12.
Abstract: The selection of clones resistant to methionine antagonists was undertaken on baby hamster Kidney cells grown in a methionine free medium, supplemented with homocystine, folic acid and hydroxo-B12. Clones resistant to 30 μg/ml ethionine were isolated after mutagenesis at an induced mutation frequency of 2.3 × 10−5. An ethionine resistant clone, ETH 304, was extensively studied. The resistant cells excreted methionine in the culture medium and the intracellular pools of methionine and SAM were two to five times greater in the resistant clone than in the wild type cells. A semidominant ethionine resistant phenotype was observed in hybrids between the wild type and this resistant clone. Measurement of the specific activity of menadione reductase, B12 methyl-transferase and ATP: L-methionine S-adenosyl-transferase in crude extracts of the wild type showed a repressive action of methionine on the level of the three enzymes. However, the ethionine resistant clone ETH 304 was not modified in this function. Menadione reductase is feedback-inhibited by SAM in wild type cells. The enzyme of the ethionine resistant clone was significantly less sensitive to SAM. When a comparison of thermal stability was made between the wild type and ethionine resistant clone enzymes, it was found that the thermal stability of the latter was modified. Three other ethionine resistant clones, independantly isolated, were similarly affected in the properties of menadione reductase. These results suggest that the pathway of re-use of S-adenosyl homocysteine, produced during methylation reactions, is highly regulated by methionine and SAM.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Using antibodies against human growth hormone and ovine prolactine, it is possible to identify somatotropic and prolactin cells in the anterior lobe of the hypophysis (pars distalis) of the monkey, Macacus irus.
Abstract: Using antibodies against human growth hormone and ovine prolactine, it is possible to identify somatotropic and prolactin cells in the anterior lobe of the hypophysis (pars distalis) of the monkey, Macacus irus. These cells are present in both adult and infant male and female monkeys. The density of the somatotropic cells is greater at the periphery of the anterior lobe. Prolactin cells are of two types: one type is dispersed throughout the pars distalis and consists of small and large cells, the other type forms clusters of large cells.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This approach reveals a new application of coefficients of kinship, and some consequences of interest to plant breeding are discussed by an application to general combining ability selection.
Abstract: General expressions are established for means, variances and covariances, taking into account the effect of interactions between individuals. For simplicity, only groups of size two are considered so that interactions are restricted to pairs of individuals; genetic effects are reduced to additivity and to additive × additive interaction between the direct effect of an allele and the associate effect of another. The effect of family structure is studied, and some consequences of interest to plant breeding are discussed by an application to general combining ability selection. From a population genetic point of view, this approach reveals a new application of coefficients of kinship.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The structure and evolution of populations of Squilla mantis (Crustacea: Stomatopoda) have been studied, and the statistical techniques used are discussed.
Abstract: The structure and evolution of populations of Squilla mantis (Crustacea: Stomatopoda) have been studied, and the statistical techniques used are discussed. Population studies were performed by multivariate analysis. Thirty-three monthly samples comprising 20 length classes of males and females were examined. Males and females display evolutionary cycles: each cycle begins in June/July and proceeds through a succession of evolution and eventual regression, the later being particularly marked every 2 years.


Patent
04 Oct 1976
TL;DR: In this paper, a coagulation front is formed at right angles to the axis of the cylinder, thereby homogenizing the texture of the resulting curd, and a floatation tank is used to separate cut slices from the cylindrical mass of curd issuing from the cylinder.
Abstract: A process and apparatus for the continuous manufacture of cheese starting with the ultrafiltration retentate of milk or a milk product until the solids content is approximately that of the desired cheese. Additional constituents such fat are added so that the resulting cheese precursor or precheese has solids content and fat to solids ratio substantially the same as the desired cheese. The cheese precursor is heated and mixed with rennet. The rate of flow of this mixture into a coagulation cylinder is controlled so that the flow in the coagulation cylinder is laminar throughout. The temperature of the cylinder wall is maintained slightly below that of entering mixture so as to obtain, in equilibrium, the formation of a coagulation front which is substantially plane and at right angles to the axis of the coagulation cylinder, thereby homogenizing the texture of the resulting curd. The cylinder cross section is approximately that of the desired cheese. The coagulation cylinder opens into a floatation tank which separates cut slices from the cylindrical mass of curd issuing from the cylinder. No treatment is required between the cutting of slices and ripening. The floatation liquid is also circulated through a shell around the cylinder to maintain its wall at the desired temperature. This process may be used for soft, semi-hard and hard cheeses but is particularly adapted to relatively small diameter cheese intended to be sold whole by the retailer.