Showing papers by "Institut national de la recherche agronomique published in 1979"
TL;DR: Based on the treatment of serial paraffin sections with various antisera, it was clearly shown that MSH, ACTH, and LPH occur in the same cells located in the pars distalis as in the Pars intermedia.
Abstract: The ontogenesis of cells containing polypeptide hormones (ACTH, MSH, LPH, GH and Prolactin) was investigated in the fetal rat hypophysis by immunohistochemistry using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex. Corticotrophs, melanotrophs and lipotropic cells were revealed earlier in the pars distalis than in the pars intermedia. In the pars distalis, cells producing LPH were found in the morning of day 15 of gestation using anti-γ- or anti-β-LPH sera, and in the afternoon using anti-α- or β-endorphin sera. Cells containing β-MSH were observed from the afternoon of day 15. The cells stainable with the anti-α-MSH, anti-β-(17-39)ACTH and anti-β-(l-24)ACTH sera appeared on day 16. In the pars intermedia, the cells producing α-MSH, β MSH, α- and β-endorphin, γ and β-LPH were observed in the morning of day 17, while cells containing ACTH were only revealed in the afternoon of the same day of gestation. Based on the treatment of serial paraffin sections with various antisera, it was clearly shown that MSH, ACTH, and LPH occur in the same cells located in the pars distalis as in the pars intermedia. The development of the corticotrophs, melanotrophs and lipotropic cells does not require the presence of the fetal hypothalamus or other central nervous structures. The pituitary glands of 21 day-old fetuses encephalectomized on day 16 showed as many reactive cells as those of the littermate controls. The somatotrophs were first revealed in the pars distalis in the afternoon of day 19. The cells producing prolactin were not observed before day 21 of gestation. On some cases GH and prolactin were found together in one cell. The cytodifferentiation of GH and prolactin cells is apparently not under hypothalamic control.
187 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of meal frequency on growth, feed efficiency, and body composition of trout were compared, and it was concluded that increasing the number of meals had no discernible effect, the efficiency of 30% glucose diet being the same in the various groups.
185 citations
TL;DR: Efficient dissociation of bound PRL could be obtained with 1.6–4 M ammonium thiocyanate and 4 M sodium trifluoroacetate, although MgCl2 was far superior in the rebinding studies, indicating some irreversible damage to the receptor by some of the dissociating agents.
Abstract: [125I]Iodoovine PRL ([125I]oPRL) binds with high affinity and specificity to crude membrane fractions prepared from either rabbit mammary gland or female rat liver. After completion of [125I]iodo-PRL binding, a short (5-min) exposure to magnesium chloride (4–5 M) resulted in a 91–97% dissociation of the bound [125I]iodo-PRL. Upon reincubation with fresh [125I]iodo-PRL in the absence or presence of 1 μg unlabeled oPRL, the membrane preparation specifically bound 89–105% of the label bound by control (H2O-treated) membranes. Similar results were observed with 4 M MnCl2. Efficient dissociation of bound PRL could also be obtained with 1.6–4 M ammonium thiocyanate and 4 M sodium trifluoroacetate, although MgCl2 was far superior in the rebinding studies, indicating some irreversible damage to the receptor by some of the dissociating agents. Similar positive results were obtained by first saturating he binding sites with unlabeled PRL, removing the PRL by MgCl2 treatment, and reincubating with labeled PRL. In ei...
165 citations
TL;DR: In a search for model systems in plant cell genetics studies mesophyll protoplasts from eleven species of Nicotiana with low chromosome number (N. glutinosa, N. sylvestris) were shown to divide in a liquid culture medium.
Abstract: In a search for model systems in plant cell genetics studies mesophyll protoplasts from eleven species of Nicotiana with low chromosome number (N. acuminata, N. alata, N. glauca, N. glutinosa, N. langsdorffii, N. longiflora, N. otophora, N. paniculata, N. plumbaginifolia, N. suaveolens, N. sylvestris) were shown to divide in a liquid culture medium. Plants were recovered from calli originating from protoplasts of all these species except N. glutinosa.
161 citations
TL;DR: The ultrastructural distribution of acid and alkaline phosphatase in 6-week-old onion roots infected by Glomus mosseae has been investigated cytochemically and the metabolism of phosphorus in vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal systems is discussed.
Abstract: Summary
The ultrastructural distribution of acid and alkaline phosphatase in 6-week-old onion roots infected by Glomus mosseae has been investigated cytochemically. Significant acid phosphatase activity was only observed in the little vacuolated, immature terminal arbuscule branches of the mycorrhizal fungus whilst strong alkaline α-naphthyl phosphatase and β-glycerophosphatase activities were localized within the vacuoles of the mature arbuscular and intercellular hyphae. In the host cells neither acid nor alkaline phosphatase distribution was modified with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza formation. These results are discussed in relation to previously reported mycorrhiza-specific alkaline phosphatase (Gianinazzi-Pearson and Gianinazzi, 1976, 1978) and the metabolism of phosphorus in vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal systems.
132 citations
TL;DR: Evidence of a somatostatin (SRIF)-like antigen has been found in the brain and digestive tract of rainbow trout and in the gut, where material immunoreactive for luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone has the same distribution in the pituitary as SRIF.
124 citations
TL;DR: Technical and economical results might be improved by better management and observation of each animal in the herd to ensure earlier discarding of unfertile sows and by application of a strict herd replacement policy.
123 citations
TL;DR: The PDI system estimates the quantity of amino nitrogen N × 6.25 absorbed in the small intestine from the dietary protein which has escaped fermentation in the rumen, and the microbial protein arising from that fermentation.
108 citations
TL;DR: There seems to be in the central nervous system of some invertebrates, peptides that have similar immunoreactive groups to the morphinomimetic peptides recently discovered in the vertebrate hypophysis or encephalon.
100 citations
TL;DR: The amino acid composition of Hypoderma collagenase indicates a distinct similarity with the serine proteinases of the trypsin family and with another athropode serine collagenase, that of the fiddler crab Uca pugilator, which suggests that eucaryotic collagenases with digestive rather than morphogenic function represent a new category of members of thetrypsinFamily.
Abstract: The collagenase from the larvae Hypoderma lineatum, with a molecular weight of 24 000 and isoelectric point of 4.1, was obtained in homogeneous form by ion-exchange chromatography. It is stoichiometrically inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate. On the other hand it is unaffected by ethylenediaminetetraacetate, p-chloromercuribenzoate, dithiothreitol, N-tosyllysine chloromethyl ketone, N-tosylphenylalanine chloromethyl ketone and ovomucoid trypsin inhibitor. The enzyme which degrades native collagen in its helical parts, has a specific activity on thermally reconstituted collagen fibrils of 150 micrograms collagen degraded x min-1 x (mg enzyme)-1 at 37 degrees C. It hydrolyses casein but has no esterolytic activity characteristic of trypsin, chymotrypsin nor elastase. It has no action on the synthetic peptide 4-phenylazobenzyloxycarbonyl-L-prolyl-L-leucyl-L-glycyl-L-prolyl-D-arginine. The amino acid composition of Hypoderma collagenase indicates a distinct similarity with the serine proteinases of the trypsin family and with another athropode serine collagenase, that of the fiddler crab Uca pugilator. This suggests that eucaryotic collagenases with digestive rather than morphogenic function represent a new category of members of the trypsin family.
94 citations
TL;DR: The most important recommendations of the E.E.A.C.P. working group can be summarized as follows.
TL;DR: Evidence is provided for two major groups of gliadins in wheat based on N-terminal sequencing, similar groups of prolamins are found in related species of Triticum and Aegilops that may have contributed genomes to polyploid wheats with ABD genome composition, and show that only one of these groups is found in rye.
Abstract: The gliadins of common bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) make up the major storage protein fraction of grain endosperm and comprise a complex mixture of proteins with similar amino acid compositions and properties1. Two-dimensional methods of electrophoresis2,3, in which separations are based mainly on net charge, separate gliadins of a single wheat variety into 30–46 components and there is considerable variation among the electrophoretic patterns of different wheat varieties1. The gliadins seem to be encoded by clusters of duplicated genes2 and may constitute a multigene family4. The fact that several purified gliadin components have closely similar N-terminal amino acid sequences5,6 led us to consider the possibility that, despite the complexity of the mixture, gliadins have sufficient homology in their N-terminal sequences to allow estimation of the homology by sequencing the unfractionated mixture. Here, we provide evidence for two major groups of gliadins in wheat based on N-terminal sequencing, show that similar groups of prolamins (a general term for equivalent proteins in other species) are found in related species of Triticum and Aegilops that may have contributed genomes to polyploid wheats with ABD genome composition, and show that only one of these groups is found in rye (Secale cereale L.).
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TL;DR: It is shown that the Ti-plasmids carry gene(s) involved in the utilisation of arginine as a carbon source, which provides a method for selecting regulatory mutants of opine catabolism in the genetic background of strain C58.
Abstract: The oncogenic plasmids of Agrobacterium, the Ti-plasmids, carry genes that enable their bacterial host to catabolize opines. Opines are unusual amino acid derivatives that are only produced in crown gall tumours incited by oncogenic strains of Agrobacterium. The 2 opines, octopine and nopaline, are degraded by Agrobacterium strains carrying the octopine or the nopoline Ti-plasmid, respectively, to arginine and pyruvic acid, and to arginine and α-ketoglutaric acid. In this paper it is shown that the Ti-plasmids carry gene(s) involved in the utilisation of arginine as a carbon source. Strains harbouring wild type octopine or nopaline Ti-plasmids in the chromosomal context of strain C58C1 do not grow on arginine as a carbon source. However, they are able to grow on arginine provided that they are induced, or constitutive for opine catabolism. The features of ornithine utilisation are identical. The gene(s) involved in arginine and ornithine utilization in C58C1 (pTi-oct) or C58C1 (pTi-nop) are under the control of the regulator gene that controls octopine or nopaline catabolism. A tentative pathway of octopine utilization is proposed, in which at least two steps are Ti-plasmid coded, and probably belong to the same operon: 1-scission of octopine into arginine and pyruvic acid 2-transformation of an arginine derivative (GSA?) to glutamic acid.
TL;DR: Ovine whole casein contains 2 multiphosphorylated beta-casein components designated as beta 1 and beta 2-caseins, which appear to differ only in that they contain 6 and 5 phosphates respectively.
Abstract: Ovine whole casein contains 2 multiphosphorylated β-casein components designated as β1 and β2-caseins. The complete sequence of β1-casein and the partial sequence of β2-casein have been determined from the intact proteins and from the peptides isolated from cyanogen bromide and tryptic digests. The ovine β1 and β2-caseins have the same polypeptide chain and appear to differ only in that they contain 6 and 5 phosphates respectively. The amino acid composition of ovine β-casein can be written as: Asp4, Asn4, Thr10, ThrP1, Ser9, SerP5, Glu19, Gln21, Pro34, Gly5, Ala4, Val21, Met6, IIe9, Leu22, Tyr3, Phe9, Trp1, Lys12, His5, Arg3. Compared to bovine β-casein A2, which is made up of 209 residues, ovine β1-casein has a deletion of 2 residues (either Pro-179–Tyr-180 or Tyr-180–Pro-181) and 20 largely conservative amino acid substitutions. Although 20% of the substitutions involve proline residues, the proline contents of ovine β1 and bovine β2-caseins are very similar, around 16%. The average hydrophobicity, calculated according to Bigelow, is 5.51 kJ/residue, which is similar to that calculated for bovine β-casein A2.
The cluster of 4 phosphorylated serine residues and the highly charged nature of the amino terminal region observed for bovine β-casein are conserved in the ovine β-caseins. The substitution from IIe-12 (bovine) to Thr-12 (ovine) results in a new phosphorylation site, according to the phosphorylation code proposed for caseins. This site is only partially phosphorylated hence the occurrence of both β1 and β2-caseins in ovine milk.
TL;DR: The data offer additional evidence that the suckling mouse cataract spiroplasma differs significantly from S. citri and corn stunt spiroPLasmas and probably deserves a separate species designation.
Abstract: Differences betweenSpiroplasma citri isolates were detected by one-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins on gradient polyacrylamide slab gels. Two-dimensional protein maps (electrofocusing followed by electrophoresis) showed a highly characteristic pattern for allS. citri isolates examined. Coanalysis of mixed protein samples from pairs ofS. citri strains revealed more than 150 comigrating proteins common to allS. citri isolates, but also a number of noncomigrating proteins. Some noncomigrating proteins were present in one isolate but not in another, while other proteins whose migrational properties were only slightly different from one isolate to the other (homologous proteins), were present in more than one isolate.S. citri isolates had many common and only a few homologous proteins. Comparisons ofS. citri with the corn stunt spiroplasma revealed few common proteins and a large number of homologous proteins. When comparingS. citri and the suckling mouse cataract spiroplasma, few common and homologous proteins were apparent. However, several of these common proteins were also shared by the corn stunt spiroplasma, suggesting that they may well represent genus-specific proteins. The data also offer additional evidence that the suckling mouse cataract spiroplasma differs significantly fromS. citri and corn stunt spiroplasmas and probably deserves a separate species designation.
TL;DR: The effect was studied of photoperiod on semen quality of five adult Ile-de-France rams reared for a period of 1 year in a pen exposed to an artificial regime which reproduced the natural variations of daylength, which induced large fluctuations in both cell morphology and in the fertilizing power of ejucalates.
TL;DR: The structure of the host-fungus interface in the VA mycorrhizal association Glomus mosseae / Allium cepa has been investigated cytochemically and the importance of the hosts and endophyte plasmalemma formations is emphasised.
TL;DR: The retardation and arrest of fermentation, observed before the complete sugar consumption of high-sugar grape must, come from an inhibition of the yeast metabolism during its decline phase and are variable with the strain.
Abstract: The retardation and arrest of fermentation, observed before the complete sugar consumption of high-sugar grape must, come from an inhibition of the yeast metabolism during its decline phase and are variable with the strain. The addition of nutritional growth factors stimulates the initial growth of the yeast but is ineffective in the decline phase. Some substances, known previously as yeast anaerobic growth factors (sterols, oleanolic acid, oxytocin), in some conditions (initially aerated grape must and aerobically cultivated yeast) act by increasing the viability of the resting cells and prolonging their fermentation activity. These substances have been named “survival factors.”
TL;DR: Correlations of changes in nuclear morphology, ultrastructure, and resistance to chemical and physical degradation with changes in nucleoproteins suggest that the cystine-containing spermatid-specific proteins could play an important role in chromatin-structure reorganization, shaping and increasing stabilization of the nucleus.
TL;DR: Nine recombinants were found amongst 2233 piglets all belonging to 268 informative families and typed for the major histocompatibility complex,SLA, and Lysostrip and biochemical experiments have confirmed the presence of two allelic SLA series, and indicate that a third series controlling SLA antigens probably exists.
Abstract: Nine recombinants were found amongst 2233 piglets all belonging to 268 informative families and typed for the major histocompatibility complex,SLA. These recombinants have allowed the identification of three loci, two controlling SLA allelic series homologous toH-2D andH-2K, the third the mixed lymphocyte culture reaction. The latter is situated 0.4 cM from the other two loci.
TL;DR: Analysis of the inner capsid suggests the existence of 132 capsomeres, with a skewed and icosahedral pattern characteristic of T = 13.
TL;DR: Accumulation of HCA can also be induced in lower leaves by the topping of flowering plants [3]; This indicates that their production may be correlated with floral induction.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that fish given a high level of dietary 18:3 omega 3 (3.7% of the diet), without omega 3HPUFA, presented better growth than those offered a lower level of 18: 3 omega 3, and almost the same performances as fish receiving 0.57% omega 3 HPUFA.
Abstract: 1. A previous paper (Gatesoupe et al., 1977) showed that turbot had a specific requirement for omega 3HPUFA since equivalent dietary amounts of 18:3 omega 3 or omega 3HPUFA (0.55% of the diet) did not lead to the same growth performances. 2. In the present paper, we demonstrated that fish given a high level of dietary 18:3 omega 3 (3.7% of the diet), without omega 3HPUFA, presented better growth than those offered a lower level of 18:3 omega 3, and almost the same performances as fish receiving 0.57% omega 3HPUFA. 3. This suggested that turbot, like trout, might be able to use the 18:3 omega 3 as a precursor of the omega 3 series. Furthermore, according to the present relatively short-term experiment, elongation-desaturation reactions of the omega 3FA did not appear to be reduced with low dietary omega 3FA levels. 4. On the other hand, these types of reactions seemed to be totally missing with the 18:2 omega 6. Thus, it may be assumed that there was no direct relationship between growth and omega 3 elongating-desaturating activities, and that omega 3 lowering fish body content was not the cause, or at least not the only cause, of poor growth in long-term experiments.
TL;DR: From a quantitative point of view, although the increase in carotenoid percentage in trout skin is important (11 times the initial value), it is relatively small compared to the large content of spirulin algae in the diets.
TL;DR: Ram spermatozoa from corpus and cauda epididymis have been examined for the surface distribution of concanavalin A binding sites and electropositive and electronegative charges before and after incubation in utero under conditions able to induce capacitation.
TL;DR: The results suggest that growth hormone levels increase at parturition and during lactation in the rabbit and hence may play an important role during lactations.
TL;DR: In this article, four experiments were carried out with Warren laying hens to elucidate the changes in plasma inorganic phosphorus (Pi) concentration during egg formation, showing that the beginning of shell secretion is always accompanied by an increase in Pi and that a separate presentation of dietary calcium reduces the bone mobilisation at night.
Abstract: 1. Four experiments were carried out with Warren laying hens to elucidate the changes in plasma inorganic phosphorus (Pi) concentration during egg formation. 2. In hens receiving a normal diet containing a calcium supplement in a powdery form Pi increased from 25 to 42 mg/1 during an entire shell formation cycle (from 10 to 22 h after oviposition of the previous egg), while in cockerels Pi decreased slightly during the night. 3. This increase in Pi in hens, was not related to cessation of feeding at the onset of darkness but was specifically connected with the beginning of shell secretion. 4. When hens received calcium as crushed sea‐shells separately from the diet, the nocturnal peak in Pi virtually disappeared and only a temporary increase of 4 mg/1 between 10 and 14 h after oviposition remained. 5. These results indicate that the beginning of shell secretion is always accompanied by an increase in Pi and that a separate presentation of dietary calcium reduces the bone mobilisation at night.
TL;DR: Using gel electrophoresis a genetic polymorphism of alpha S2-casein (Cn) was discovered in individual milk samples from 2 bovine breeds of the eastern part of France (Vosgienne and Montbéliarde).
Abstract: Using gel electrophoresis a genetic polymorphism of alpha S2-casein (Cn) was discovered in individual milk samples from 2 bovine breeds of the eastern part of France (Vosgienne and Montbeliarde). The 3 observed phenotypes (Plate 1) are determined by 2 co-dominant alleles at an autosomal locus. The alpha S2-Cn A variant was the only one known up to now in European breeds (reference variant) and alpha S2-Cn D is a new variant, whose bands overlap the beta-casein A band at pH 8.6, and migrate faster than alpha S2-Cn A at pH 3.0. The sequence of the polypeptide chain alpha S2-Cn D differs from that of alpha S2-Cn A by the deletion of a very acidic nonapeptide, which includes a cluster of 3 phosphoseryl residues. Due to the characteristics of the reference sequence, this deletion cannot be exactly located but it involves residues 50-58, or 51-59, or 52-60. A genetic analysis shows that locus alpha S2-Cn is closely linked to the cluster alpha S1-Cn--beta-Cn--kappa-Cn. The 4 casein species are thus synthesized by 4 closely linked loci.