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Institution

Institute for the Study of Labor

NonprofitBonn, Germany
About: Institute for the Study of Labor is a nonprofit organization based out in Bonn, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Wage & Unemployment. The organization has 2039 authors who have published 13475 publications receiving 439376 citations.
Topics: Wage, Unemployment, Earnings, Population, Productivity


Papers
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TL;DR: The authors found that the ADA had a negative effect on the employment of disabled men of all working ages and disabled women under age 40, suggesting that the adverse employment consequences of the ADA have been limited to the protected group.
Abstract: The Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) requires employers to accommodate disabled workers and outlaws discrimination against the disabled in hiring, firing, and pay. Although the ADA was meant to increase employment of the disabled, it also increases costs for employers. The net theoretical impact turns on which provisions of the ADA are most important and how responsive firm entry and exit is to profits. Empirical results using the CPS suggest that the ADA had a negative effect on the employment of disabled men of all working ages and disabled women under age 40. The effects appear to be larger in medium size firms, possibly because small firms were exempt from the ADA. The effects are also larger in states where there have been more ADA-related discrimination charges. Estimates of effects on hiring and firing suggest the ADA reduced hiring of the disabled but did not affect separations. This weighs against a pure firing-costs interpretation of the ADA. Finally, there is little evidence of an impact on the nondisabled, suggesting that the adverse employment consequences of the ADA have been limited to the protected group.

506 citations

Posted Content
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that economists ignore the possibility of hedonic adaptation (the idea that people bounce back from utility shocks) and provide longitudinal evidence that individuals who become disabled go on to exhibit recovery in mental wellbeing.
Abstract: Economics ignores the possibility of hedonic adaptation (the idea that people bounce back from utility shocks). This paper argues that economists are wrong to do so. It provides longitudinal evidence that individuals who become disabled go on to exhibit recovery in mental wellbeing. Adaptation to severe disability, however, is shown to be incomplete. The paper suggests ways to calculate the level of compensatory damages for the pain and suffering from disablement. Courts all over the world currently use ad hoc methods.

504 citations

Posted Content
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed a model of labor supply and fertility, using panel data from the Bank of Italy which have been merged with regional data describing the available opportunities in each sample household's environment, showing that the availability of child care and part time work increase both the probability of working and having a child.
Abstract: Economic models of household behavior typically yield the prediction that increases in schooling levels and wage rates of married women lead to increases in their labor supply and reductions in fertility. In Italy, as well as in other Southern European countries, low labor market participation rates of married women are observed together with low birth rates. Our proposed explanation for this apparent anomaly involves the Italian institutional structure, particularly as reflected in rigidities and imperfections in the labor market and characteristics of the publicly-funded child care system. These rigidities tend to simultaneously increase the costs of having children and to discourage the labor market participation of married women. We analyze a model of labor supply and fertility, using panel data from the Bank of Italy which have been merged with regional data describing the available opportunities in each sample household's environment. The empirical results show that the availability of child care and part time work increase both the probability of working and having a child. Policies which would provide more flexible working hours choices and greater child care availability would aid in reducing the financial burden of children.

503 citations

Posted Content
TL;DR: The authors study the effect of attrition bias on the unconditional distributions of several socioeconomic variables and on the estimates of several sets of regression coefficients and find that attrition is highly selective and is concentrated among lower socioeconomic status individuals.
Abstract: By 1989 the Michigan Panel Study on Income Dynamics (PSID) had experienced approximately 50 percent sample loss from cumulative attrition from its initial 1968 membership. We study the effect of this attrition on the unconditional distributions of several socioeconomic variables and on the estimates of several sets of regression coefficients. We provide a statistical framework for conducting tests for attrition bias that draws a sharp distinction between selection on unobservables and on observables and that shows that weighted least squares can generate consistent parameter estimates when selection is based on observables, even when they are endogenous. Our empirical analysis shows that attrition is highly selective and is concentrated among lower socioeconomic status individuals. We also show that attrition is concentrated among those with more unstable earnings, marriage, and migration histories. Nevertheless, we find that these variables explain very little of the attrition in the sample, and that the selection that occurs is moderated by regression-to-the-mean effects from selection on transitory components that fade over time. Consequently, despite the large amount of attrition, we find no strong evidence that attrition has seriously distorted the representativeness of the PSID through 1989, and considerable evidence that its cross-sectional representativeness has remained roughly intact.

500 citations

Posted Content
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a model of urbanization and growth based on the accumulation of human capital consistent with these observations, which predicts that larger cities will have higher levels of human resources, higher rents, and higher wages per worker.
Abstract: The relative distribution of the populations of the top 40 urban areas of France and Japan remained very constant during these countries' periods of industrialization and urbanization. Moreover, projection of their future distributions based on past growth indicates that their size-distributions in steady state will not differ essentially from what they have been historically. Urbanization consequently appears to have taken the form of the parallel growth of cities, rather than of convergence to an optimal city size or of the divergent growth of the largest cities. We develop a model of urbanization and growth based on the accumulation of human capital consistent with these observations. Our model predicts that larger cities will have higher levels of human capital, higher rents, and higher wages per worker, even though workers are homogeneous and free to migrate between cities. Cities grow at a common growth rate, with relative city size depending upon the environment that they provide for learning.

500 citations


Authors

Showing all 2136 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Michael Marmot1931147170338
James J. Heckman175766156816
Anders Björklund16576984268
Jean Tirole134439103279
Ernst Fehr131486108454
Matthew Jones125116196909
Alan B. Krueger11740275442
Eric A. Hanushek10944959705
David Card10743355797
M. Hashem Pesaran10236188826
Richard B. Freeman10086046932
Richard Blundell9348761730
John Haltiwanger9139338803
John A. List9158336962
Joshua D. Angrist8930459505
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202332
202283
2021146
2020259
2019191
2018229