Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria

About: Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Adipose tissue. The organization has 528 authors who have published 579 publications receiving 18688 citations.

Elevated serum ceramides are linked with obesity-associated gut dysbiosis and impaired glucose metabolism.

Abstract: Low gut microbiome richness is associated with dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, and ceramides and other sphingolipids are implicated in the development of diabetes. Determine whether circulating sphingolipids, particularly ceramides, are associated with alterations in the gut microbiome among obese patients with increased diabetes risk. This was a cross-sectional and longitudinal retrospective analysis of a dietary/weight loss intervention. Fasted serum was collected from 49 participants (41 women) and analyzed by HPLC–MS/MS to quantify 45 sphingolipids. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing of stool was performed to profile the gut microbiome. Confirming the link to deteriorated glucose homeostasis, serum ceramides were positively correlated with fasting glucose, but inversely correlated with fasting and OGTT-derived measures of insulin sensitivity and β-cell function. Significant associations with gut dysbiosis were demonstrated, with SM and ceramides being inversely correlated with gene richness. Ceramides with fatty acid chain lengths of 20–24 carbons were the most associated with low richness. Diet-induced weight loss, which improved gene richness, decreased most sphingolipids. Thirty-one MGS, mostly corresponding to unidentified bacteria species, were inversely correlated with ceramides, including a number of Bifidobacterium and Methanobrevibacter smithii. Higher ceramide levels were also associated with increased metagenomic modules for lipopolysaccharide synthesis and flagellan synthesis, two pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and decreased enrichment of genes involved in methanogenesis and bile acid metabolism. This study identifies an association between gut microbiota richness, ceramides, and diabetes risk in overweight/obese humans, and suggests that the gut microbiota may contribute to dysregulation of lipid metabolism in metabolic disorders.

Effect of Visit-to-Visit Variation of Heart Rate and Systolic Blood Pressure on Outcomes in Chronic Systolic Heart Failure: Results From the Systolic Heart Failure Treatment With the If Inhibitor Ivabradine Trial (SHIFT) Trial.

Abstract: Background Elevated resting heart rate (HR) and low systolic blood pressure (SBP) are related to poor outcomes in heart failure (HF). The association between visit‐to‐visit variation in SBP and HR and risk in HF is unknown. Methods and Results In Systolic Heart Failure Treatment with the I f inhibitor ivabradine Trial (SHIFT) patients, we evaluated relationships between mean HR, mean SBP, and visit‐to‐visit variations (coefficient of variation [CV]=SD/mean×100%) in SBP and HR (SBP‐CV and HR‐CV, respectively) and primary composite endpoint (cardiovascular mortality or HF hospitalization), its components, all‐cause mortality, and all‐cause hospitalization. High HR and low SBP were closely associated with risk for primary endpoint, all‐cause mortality, and HF hospitalization. The highest number of primary endpoint events occurred in the highest HR tertile (38.8% vs 16.4% lowest tertile; P <0.001). For HR‐CV, patients at highest risk were those in the lowest tertile. Patients in the lowest thirds of mean SBP and SBP‐CV had the highest risk. The combination of high HR and low HR‐CV had an additive deleterious effect on risk, as did that of low SBP and low SBP‐CV. Ivabradine reduced mean HR and increased HR‐CV, and increased SBP and SBP‐CV slightly. Conclusions Beyond high HR and low SBP, low HR‐CV and low SBP‐CV are predictors of cardiovascular outcomes with additive effects on risk in HF, but with an unknown effect size. Beyond HR reduction, ivabradine increases HR‐CV. Low visit‐to‐visit variation of HR and SBP might signal risk of cardiovascular outcomes in systolic HF. Clinical Trial Registration URL: . Unique identifier: ISRCTN70429960.

French Recommendations for Sugar Intake in Adults: A Novel Approach Chosen by ANSES

Abstract: This article presents a systematic review of the scientific evidence linking sugar consumption and health in the adult population performed by a group of experts, mandated by the French Agence nationale de securite sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement, et du travail (ANSES). A literature search was performed by crossing search terms for overweight/obesity, diabetes/insulin resistance, dyslipidemia/cardiovascular diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD), and uric acid concentrations on one hand and for intake of sugars on the other. Controlled mechanistic studies, prospective cohort studies, and randomized clinical trials were extracted and assessed. A literature analysis supported links between sugar intake and both total energy intake and body weight gain, and between sugar intake and blood triglycerides independently of total energy intake. The effects of sugar on blood triglycerides were shown to be mediated by the fructose component of sucrose and were observed with an intake of fructose >50 g/day. In addition, prospective cohort studies showed associations between sugar intake and the risk of diabetes/insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases, NAFLD, and hyperuricemia. Based on these observations, ANSES proposed to set a maximum limit to the intake of total sugars containing fructose (sucrose, glucose⁻fructose syrups, honey or other syrups, and natural concentrates, etc.) of 100 g/day.