Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria

About: Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Adipose tissue. The organization has 528 authors who have published 579 publications receiving 18688 citations.

Effects of carotid baroreceptor stimulation on retinal arteriole remodeling evaluated with adaptive optics camera in resistant hypertensive patients

Abstract: Background and aim Baroreceptor activation therapy (BAT) leads to a decrease in blood pressure (BP) in patients affected by resistant hypertension (RH) by reducing sympathetic outflow This study aimed at evaluating the effects of BAT on RH patients’ retinal arteriolar microvasculature, a territory devoid of adrenergic innervation Patients and methods Five patients defined as affected by RH after excluding secondary causes of hypertension and based on number of antihypertensive treatments, underwent the implantation of Barostim™ neo ™ Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) were assessed by office and 24-hours ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) Adaptive Optics Camera RTX1 ® (ImagineEye, Orsay, France) was used to measure wall thickness (WT), internal diameter (ID), wall cross-sectional area (WCSA) and wall-to-lumen ratio (WLR) A cohort of 21 not-controlled hypertensive patients matched for age, gender and follow-up time, undergoing standard-antihypertensive therapy changes, was selected as a control group SBP and DBP were assessed by office and home BP monitoring (HBPM) Evaluations were performed at baseline and after 6 months mean follow-up Results Office SBP decreased by 97 ± 123% and 297 ± 124% in standard-therapy and BAT group respectively, while office DBP decreased by 76 ± 174% and 148 ± 157% Concerning ABPM/HBPM, a mean reduction of both SBP and DBP of 79 ± 11% was observed for the standard-therapy while a reduction of 158 ± 105% and 158% ± 53% was observed for SBP and DBP respectively in BAT group While in the standard-therapy group a significant reduction in WLR (–59%) due to both ID increase (+23%) and WT reduction (–57%) was observed, without changes in WCSA (–03%), RH patients had a significant reduction in WCSA (–121%), due to a trend in both WT and ID reduction (–65% and –17% respectively), without significant changes in WLR (–2%) Conclusion While a reverse eutrophic remodeling was observed in patients undergoing a standard-antihypertensive treatment, hypotrophic changes were found in RH patients undergoing BAT Despite the lack of adrenergic receptors on retinal vessels, chronic baroreflex stimulation may exert an effect on retinal microvasculature in RH patients by more systemic than local mechanisms

Distinct Postprandial Bile Acids Responses to a High-Calorie Diet in Men Volunteers Underscore Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Phenotypes

Abstract: Bile acids (BAs) regulate dietary lipid hydrolysis and absorption in the proximal intestine. Several studies have highlighted a determinant role of circulating levels and/or metabolism of BAs in the pathogenesis of major cardiometabolic diseases. Whether changes in BA profiles are causative or are consequence of these diseases remains to be determined. Healthy male volunteers (n = 71) underwent a postprandial exploration following consumption of a hypercaloric high fat typical Western meal providing 1200 kcal. We investigated variations of circulating levels of 28 BA species, together with BA synthesis marker 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4) over an approximately diurnal 12 h period. Analysis of BA variations during the postprandial time course revealed two major phenotypes with opposite fluctuations, i.e., circulating levels of each individual species of unconjugated BAs were reduced after meal consumption whereas those of tauro- and glyco-conjugated BAs were increased. By an unbiased classification strategy based on absolute postprandial changes in BA species levels, we classified subjects into three distinct clusters; the two extreme clusters being characterized by the smallest absolute changes in either unconjugated-BAs or conjugated-BAs. Finally, we demonstrated that our clustering based on postprandial changes in BA profiles was associated with specific clinical and biochemical features, including postprandial triglyceride levels, BMI or waist circumference. Altogether, our study reveals that postprandial profiles/patterns of BAs in response to a hypercaloric high fat challenge is associated with healthy or unhealthy metabolic phenotypes that may help in the early identification of subjects at risk of developing metabolic disorders.

Dynamics of Sedentary Behaviours and Systems-Based Approach: Future Challenges and Opportunities in the Life Course Epidemiology of Sedentary Behaviours

Abstract: This chapter challenges our current thinking about sedentary behaviours and offers new paradigms to move forward to understand the complex nature of sedentary behaviours and their determinants. Sedentary behaviours are ubiquitous and changing in nature over time: with advances in media and IT, TV time is decreasing, but overall screen time is growing. Understanding the non-linear temporal dynamics of sedentary behaviours and how people accumulate, or break, sitting time appears a crucial step to design innovative strategies. Since multiple factors at different levels (proximal, distal) are interacting to drive sedentary time, new perspectives combining a life course perspective and complexity science are needed. Systems-based approach and adaptive dynamical systems modelling will help model the interaction between factors and feedback loops. A systems-based framework for the study of sedentary behaviours called SOS (Systems of Sedentary behaviours) has been established by a transdisciplinary research group within the framework of the European DEDIPAC Knowledge Hub. Novel methods of enquiry are required to progress the field, including methodologies for analysis such as probabilistic modelling techniques (Bayesian networks), simulation studies investigating different scenarios of possible societal changes and their effect on sedentary behaviours, and innovations in measuring accurately other dimensions such as context and type of sedentary behaviours. Finally, future opportunities for innovative data collection and analysis (big data) and innovative interventions (natural experiments, solutionist, and participatory approach) are highlighted for their potential to benefit sedentary behaviours research and work more efficiently towards public health solutions to tackle this new threat of modern life.

UCP1 transrepression in Brown Fat in vivo and mineralocorticoid receptor anti-thermogenic effects.

Abstract: Objectives The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), a hormone-activated transcription factor, besides its role in controlling hydroelectrolytic homeostasis, exerts pro-adipogenic and anti-thermogenic effects, inhibiting mitochondrial-uncoupling protein UCP1 expression in brown adipocytes The aim of this study was to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms by which MR participates in such metabolic regulation Methods We evaluated in vivo MR effects on cold-induced UCP1 expression in MR-overexpressing mice Expression profiles of several transcriptional coregulators were analyzed during differentiation of the brown adipocyte T37i cell line Given that UCP1 expression is inversely controlled by catecholamines/retinoic acid and corticosteroids, we investigated the mechanisms of MR's inhibitory effect on UCP1 transcription in T37i cells Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments enabled us to explore MR interaction with UCP1 promoter regions Results Cold-induced UCP1 expression was blunted in the brown fat of MR-overexpressing mice Along with induction of increasing mRNA levels for specific adipocyte markers during T37i differentiation, MR coactivator transcript levels significantly increased in intermediate states of differentiation, whereas expression of MR corepressors transiently increased approximately 2-fold Such a simultaneous transient peak in coregulator expression is consistent with physiologically relevant cooperation occurring during brown adipogenesis ChIP demonstrated that, after retinoic acid stimulation and aldosterone exposure, MR and PPARγ concomitantly bind to specific UCP1 promoter motifs Conclusion Our studies demonstrate that MR exerts a pivotal metabolic role by controlling energy expenditure, and provide novel information on how MR participates in the regulation of brown adipocyte function

Loss of G protein pathway suppressor 2 in human adipocytes triggers lipid remodeling by upregulating ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 1

Abstract: Objective: Adipogenesis is critical for adipose tissue remodeling during the development of obesity. While the role of transcription factors in the orchestration of adipogenic pathways is already established, the involvement of coregulators that transduce regulatory signals into epigenome alterations and transcriptional responses remains poorly understood. The aim of our study was to investigate which pathways are controlled by G protein pathway suppressor 2 (GPS2) during the differentiation of human adipocytes. Methods: We generated a unique loss-of-function model by RNAi depletion of GPS2 in human multipotent adipose-derived stem (hMADS) cells. We thoroughly characterized the coregulator depletion-dependent pathway alterations during adipocyte differentiation at the level of transcriptome (RNA-seq), epigenome (ChIP-seq H3K27ac), cistrome (ChIP-seq GPS2), and lipidome. We validated the in vivo relevance of the identified pathways in non-diabetic and diabetic obese patients. Results: The loss of GPS2 triggers the reprogramming of cellular processes related to adipocyte differentiation by increasing the responses to the adipogenic cocktail. In particular, GPS2 depletion increases the expression of BMP4, an important trigger for the commitment of fibroblast-like progenitors toward the adipogenic lineage and increases the expression of inflammatory and metabolic genes. GPS2-depleted human adipocytes are characterized by hypertrophy, triglyceride and phospholipid accumulation, and sphingomyelin depletion. These changes are likely a consequence of the increased expression of ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 1 (ABCG1) that mediates sphingomyelin efflux from adipocytes and modulates lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity. We identify ABCG1 as a direct transcriptional target, as GPS2 depletion leads to coordinated changes of transcription and H3K27 acetylation at promoters and enhancers that are occupied by GPS2 in wild-type adipocytes. We find that in omental adipose tissue of obese humans, GPS2 levels correlate with ABCG1 levels, type 2 diabetic status, and lipid metabolic status, supporting the in vivo relevance of the hMADS cell-derived in vitro data. Conclusion: Our study reveals a dual regulatory role of GPS2 in epigenetically modulating the chromatin landscape and gene expression during human adipocyte differentiation and identifies a hitherto unknown GPS2-ABCG1 pathway potentially linked to adipocyte hypertrophy in humans.