Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria

About: Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Adipose tissue. The organization has 528 authors who have published 579 publications receiving 18688 citations.

Effect of congenital adrenal hyperplasia treated by glucocorticoids on plasma metabolome: a machine-learning-based analysis

Abstract: Background. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency leads to impaired cortisol biosynthesis. Treatment includes glucocorticoid supplementation. We studied the specific metabolomics signatures in CAH patients using two different algorithms. Methods. In a case-control study of CAH patients matched on sex and age with healthy control subjects, two metabolomic analyses were performed: one using MetaboDiff, a validated differential metabolomic analysis tool and the other, using Predomics, a novel machine-learning algorithm. Results. 168 participants were included (84 CAH patients). There was no correlation between plasma cortisol levels during glucocorticoid supplementation and metabolites in CAH patients. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase enzyme activity was correlated with ACTH (rho coefficient = −0.25, p-value = 0.02), in CAH patients but not in controls subjects. Overall, 33 metabolites were significantly altered in CAH patients. Main changes came from: purine and pyrimidine metabolites, branched aminoacids, tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites and associated pathways (urea, glucose, pentose phosphates). MetaboDiff identified 2 modules that were significantly different between both groups: aminosugar metabolism and purine metabolism. Predomics found several interpretable models which accurately discriminated the two groups (accuracy of 0.86 and AUROC of 0.9). Conclusion. CAH patients and healthy control subjects exhibit significant differences in plasma metabolomes, which may be explained by glucocorticoid supplementation.

Animal Models of Obesity

Abstract: This chapter reviews rodent models of obesity and how they provide crucial insight into our understanding of physiological, environmental, genetic, and epigenetic bases of human obesity. Naturally occurring or genetically modified animal models represent precious and necessary tools to explore the complexity of energy balance regulation and to test innovative therapeutic intervention in obesity, of which leptin treatment for leptin-deficient patients is a striking example.

Novel approaches to heart rate modulation in chronic heart failure

Abstract: Copyright © Polskie Towarzystwo Kardiologiczne INTRODUCTION The most recent version of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines for the management of heart failure (HF) has introduced two important innovations for the medical treatment of chronic HF with reduced ejection fraction (EF): mineralo-corticoid receptor antagonists (MCRA) and the If channel blocker ivabradine have now a recognised indication in patients remaining symptomatic despite diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (or angiotensin receptor blockers in case of intolerance) and beta-blockers [1]. Mineralo-corticoid receptor antagonists are recommended following the EMPHASIS trial which demonstrated the benefit of eplerenone on cardiovascular mortality or HF hospitalisations as well as on all causes mortality in mild to moderate HF patients with reduced EF [2]. According to the ESC Guidelines, ivabradine should be considered when patients remain symptomatic despite the addition of a MCRA and when they have an increased heart rate (HR) ≥ 70 bpm in the context of sinus rhythm. This new recommendation derives from the results of the large outcome trial using this new agent, the SHIFT trial (Systolic Heart Failure Treatment with the If inhibitor Ivabradine trial) [3].