Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria

About: Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Adipose tissue. The organization has 528 authors who have published 579 publications receiving 18688 citations.

Epicardial and Pericardial Adiposity Without Myocardial Steatosis in Cushing Syndrome.

Abstract: CONTEXT Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in patients with Cushing syndrome. Cortisol excess and adverse metabolic profile could increase cardiac fat, which can subsequently impair cardiac structure and function. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate cardiac fat mass and distribution in patients with Cushing syndrome. METHODS In this prospective, cross-sectional study, 23 patients with Cushing syndrome and 27 control individuals of comparable age, sex, and body mass index were investigated by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and proton spectroscopy. Patients were explored before and after biochemical disease remission. Myocardial fat measured by the Dixon method was the main outcome measure. The intramyocardial triglyceride/water ratio measured by spectroscopy and epicardial and pericardial fat volumes were secondary outcome measures. RESULTS No difference was found between patients and controls in intramyocardial lipid content. Epicardial fat mass was increased in patients compared to controls (30.8 g/m2 [20.4-34.8] vs 17.2 g/m2 [13.1-23.5], P < .001). Similarly, pericardial fat mass was increased in patients compared to controls (28.3 g/m2 [17.9-38.0] vs 11.4 g/m2 [7.5-19.4], P = .003). Sex, glycated hemoglobin A1c, and the presence of hypercortisolism were independent determinants of epicardial fat. Pericardial fat was associated with sex, impaired glucose homeostasis and left ventricular wall thickness. Disease remission decreased epicardial fat mass without affecting pericardial fat. CONCLUSION Intramyocardial fat stores are not increased in patients with Cushing syndrome, despite highly prevalent metabolic syndrome, suggesting increased cortisol-mediated lipid consumption. Cushing syndrome is associated with marked accumulation of epicardial and pericardial fat. Epicardial adiposity may exert paracrine proinflammatory effects promoting cardiomyopathy.

Transgenerational supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid reduced the metabolic consequences on the whole body and skeletal muscle in mice receiving an obesogenic diet

Abstract: Purpose The effect of manipulating the fatty acid profile of the diet over generations could affect the susceptibility to develop obesity and metabolic disorders. Although some acute effects were described, the impact of transgenerational continuous supplementation with omega 3 fatty acids on metabolic homeostasis and skeletal muscle metabolic flexibility during a nutritional stress is unknown. Methods We analyzed the effect of an obesogenic diet in mice after transgenerational supplementation with an omega-3 rich oil (mainly EPA) or a control oil. Young F3 animals received a high fat and high sucrose diet for 4 months. Whole-body biometric data were recorded and lipidomic/transcriptomic adaptations were explored in the skeletal muscle. Results F3 mice from the lineage supplemented with EPA gained less weight, fat mass, and exhibited better metabolic parameters after the obesogenic diet compared to mice from the control lineage. Transcriptomic exploration of skeletal muscle showed differential regulation of biological processes such as fibrosis, fatty acid catabolism, and inflammation between lineages. These adaptations were associated to subtle lipid remodeling of cellular membranes with an enrichment in phospholipids with omega 3 fatty acid in mice from the EPA lineage. Conclusion Transgenerational and continuous intake of EPA could help to reduce cardiovascular and metabolic risks related to an unbalanced diet by the modulation of insulin sensitivity, fatty acid metabolism, and fibrosis in skeletal muscle.

Disc brake device

Abstract: A disk brake device comprises a brake lever 3A toward which a tilting force is applied in opening operation. This brake lever 3A is formed at its lower end with an outwardly protruding stopper 58 into which an adjusting bolt 56 is screwed vertically. A base seat 59 is provided on a base plate 1 immediately under the stopper. A pinion 61 is fitted over an upper end of the adjusting bolt 56 via a one-way clutch 60 so as to rotate the adjusting bolt 56 only in a direction of fasting the same downward. A rack 67, which is supported by the base plate 1, is meshed with the pinion to have a predetermined backlash and to extend in a direction of swing of the brake levers 3A, 3B. This disk brake device allows to assuredly maintain the brake levers 3A, 3B at equally opened positions at left and right in a brake releasing condition, even if brake linings 9A, 9B are worn out and adjustment is made by an automatic lining wear adjusting unit 53 to automatically decrease the gap caused by wear of the brake linings 9A, 9B.