Instituto Politécnico Nacional

About: Instituto Politécnico Nacional is a education organization based out in Mexico City, Mexico. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 43351 authors who have published 63315 publications receiving 938532 citations. The organization is also known as: Instituto Politécnico Nacional & Instituto Politecnico Nacional.

Standard methods for Apis mellifera propolis research

Abstract: Propolis is one of the most fascinating honey bee (Apis mellifera L) products It is a plant derived product that bees produce from resins that they collect from different plant organs and with which they mix beeswax Propolis is a building material and a protective agent in the bee hive It also plays an important role in honey bee social immunity, and is widely used by humans as an ingredient of nutraceuticals, over-the-counter preparations and cosmetics Its chemical composition varies by geographic location, climatic zone and local flora The understanding of the chemical diversity of propolis is very important in propolis research In this manuscript, we give an overview of the available methods for studying propolis in different aspects: propolis in the bee colony; chemical composition and plant sources of propolis; biological activity of propolis with respect to bees and humans; and approaches for standardization and quality control for the purposes of industrial application

Spinal Neurons and Synapses

Abstract: The sections in this article are: 1 I. Motoneurons 1.1 A. Alpha Motoneurons 1.2 Gamma Motoneurons 2 II. Interneurons 2.1 A. General Considerations 2.2 B. Functionally Identified Interneuron Systems 3 III. Tract Cells 3.1 General Considerations 3.2 B. Specific Systems 4 IV. Intraspinal Primary Afferents and Presynaptic Modulation 4.1 A. General Considerations 4.2 B. Intrinsic Properties of Intraspinal Afferents 4.3 C. Evidence for the Existence of Primary Afferent Depolarization (PAD) 4.4 D. Afferent Terminals Are Subjected Only to Depolarizing Input 4.5 E. Interneurons Are Involved in the Mechanism of PAD Generation 4.6 F. Possible Mechanisms of PAD Production by Interneurons 4.7 G. Changes in Synaptic Transmission Related to PAD 4.8 H. Possible Mechanisms for Presynaptic Inhibition 4.9 I. Consequences of Presynaptic Modulation of Synaptic Transmission 4.10 J. Organization of PAD 5 V. Concluding Comment

Preparation and characterization of hexaaluminate-based materials for catalytic combustion

Abstract: A simple preparation method for barium hexaaluminate-based catalysts to be used in catalytic combustion is described. Morphological and physico-chemical characterization data are given for Ba-Al-O (withBa/Al = 1/12) and for Ba-Mn-Al-O (with Ba/Mn/Al = 1/0.5/11.5; 1/1/11; 1/2/10) samples calcined at different temperatures. The preparation method here proposed provides stable materials with a surface area of 15 m2/g after calcination at 1400°C. The structural and morphological properties, as well as the results of activity tests in methane combustion, compare well with those reported in the literature for samples with the same composition and prepared according to a more complex preparation route.