Showing papers by "International Agency for Research on Cancer published in 1974"

Immunogenetic aspects of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: I. Differences in HL-A antigen profiles between patients and control groups†

Abstract: This paper reports the results of two studies which compared the HL-A profile of predominantly Chinese patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma to that of suitably chosen controls. The first study demonstrated a significant increase in the proportion of NPC patients in whom less than two second locus antigens were detectable. The second confirmatory study also demonstrated the same phenomenon at a high level of statistical significance, and furthermore showed a significant elevation among the NPC patients of the frequency of HL-A2. Both the elevation of the HL-A2 frequency and the deficit of detectable second locus antigens remained significant after application of the most conservative correction factor for the number of antigens investigated. Various sources of bias have been considered and appear not to have appreciably influenced the results. The results are discussed in terms of the postulated genetic basis of the elevated risk for NPC among the Chinese. Aspects Immunogenetiques de L'Epithelioma du Rhino-Pharynx. I. Diffeerences du Profill des Antigenes HL-A Chez les Malades et Dans les Groupes Temoins Le present article rapporte les resultats de deux etudes visant a comparer le profil des HL-A chez des malades (generalement des Chinois) atteints d'epithelioma du rhino-pharynx (ERP) et chez des temoins convenablement selectionnes. La premiere etude a mis en evidence une augmentation sensible de la proportion de cas d'ERP ou l'on decelait moins de deux antigenes du second locus. L'etude confirmative a egalement mis en evidence le meme phenomene et montre que sa signification statistique est importante; en outre, elle a permis de constater que la frequence des HL-A2 et la rarete des antigenes du second locus sont restees significatives me mlorsque l'on a applique le facteur de correction le plus raisonnable au nombre d'antigenes observe. Diverses sources de distrosion ont ete envisagees qui semblent ne pas avoir beaucoup influence les resultats. Les auteurs analysent ces resultats sous l'angle de la base genetique postulee du risque eleve d'ERP chez les Chinois.

Aetiological factors in oesophageal cancer in Singapore Chinese.

Abstract: Analysis of a hospital-based case-control study of esophageal cancer among Singapore Chinese (composed of Cantonese Hokkien Teochew and other dialect groups) revealed the following statistically significant risk factors for both sexes: 1) belonging to either Hokkien or Teochew dialect group; 2) consuming beverages at temperatures stated subjectively to be burning hot before illness; and 3) smoking Chinese cigarettes. Additional risk factors for males were birth in China and consumption of Samsu (Chinese wine). Bread potato and banana consumption was reported at significantly lower levels in male esophagus cancer patients than controls. Esophageal cancer was less common in males who attended school for more than 8 years. Multivariate analysis (joint influence of selected variables) confirmed the strong effects of dialect group and beverage temperature for both sexes. For females Chinese cigarette smoking remained a risk factor; for males Samsu consumption. Smoking western cigarettes and drinking strong liquors were not significantly related for either sex. These findings suggest that esophageal cancer is more likely to occur among traditional Chinese who maintain dietary patterns which include Samsu and scalding beverages but avoid bland foodstuffs not native to the culture. The greater risk in Teochew and Hokkien may be due in part to beverage temperature since "burning hot" was cited more frequently in these dialect groups. However these differences are based on subjective impressions and require further verification.

The effect of year of birth on the breast cancer age‐incidence curve in Iceland

Abstract: Among different populations, the shape of the age-incidence curve for breast cancer is strongly related to the overall incidence of breast cancer in the respective population. Data are available from Iceland for the period 1911–1972. These data show that breast cancer has increased very markedly in Iceland during this period, and that as the overall incidence has risen, so the age-incidence curve has changed in shape, the relation between the shape and the overall incidence being the same as that now observed in other countries. The change in shape is shown to be explicable entirely as a cohort phenomenon, each decade of birth cohort having an age-incidence curve of similar shape, but with different overall incidence. Data from some other regions of the world indicate that many of the present differences in the shape of the age-incidence curve may be the reflection of cohort phenomena.

Liver tumours in CF-1 mice exposed for limited periods to technical DDT

Abstract: Groups of CF-1 mice were given 250 ppm of DDT mixed into the diet for 15 weeks or 30 weeks and killed at different time intervals. Following 30 weeks of treatment a similar proportion of male mice bearing hepatomas was observed at 65, 95, and 120 weeks from the beginning of the experiment. In females the incidence of hepatomas increased from the 65th to the 95th week. More mice had hepatomas larger than 10 mm at 95 and 120 weeks than at 65 weeks. A similar pattern was observed in mice exposed for 15 weeks but the incidence of hepatomas was much lower than after 30 weeks' exposure.

Bone tumours in CF-1 mice.

Abstract: Benign osteomas occurring in CF-1 mice late in life were observed through 6 consecutive generations, their average incidence being higher in control females (11·5%) than in control males (8·5%) and in treated females(17·4%) and treated males (11·7%). Multiple sites were found in 20% of the cases. The skull was involved in about 90% of untreated osteoma-bearing mice, the limbs in 12·0%, vertebral column in 9·0% and the sacrum and pelvis in 3·0%. In treated mice the skull was involved in approximately 80%, the limbs in 20%, the vertebral column in 12% and the sacrum and pelvis in 8%. The osteomas affecting the skull were represented by small nodules 2-3 mm in diameter, while those found at other sites frequently reached a much larger size (6-10 mm or more). Multiple osteomas with many large nodules at various sites were also observed.

A bank of frozen peripheral blood lymphocytes for in vitro immunological studies on East African cancer patients.

Abstract: A bank of peripheral blood lymphocytes, frozen in liquid nitrogen, has been established from East African cancer patients and from control donors including healthy individuals and patients with non-malignant disorders. The techniques of collection, lymphocyte separation and cell freezing are simple enough to have been applied successfully in an isolated mission hospital. In the first year of operation samples have been stored from over 400 individuals. On recovery, the cells have high viability, will respond to PHA in culture, are suitable for determination of HL-A phenotype and react with sheep red blood cells in the spontaneous rosette test. It is predicted that lymphocyte banks of this type will have a useful place in the study of immunological factors in cancer, particularly in developing countries.

Storage of organochlorine insecticides in adipose tissue of Ugandans.

Abstract: In the framework of a WHO — International Agency Program for Research on Cancer, people from five African, three Asian, and two South American countries were studied for the storage level of organochlorine insecticide storage in the adipose tissue of Ugandans.