International Agency for Research on Cancer

About: International Agency for Research on Cancer is a government organization based out in Lyon, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Cancer & Population. The organization has 2989 authors who have published 9010 publications receiving 929752 citations. The organization is also known as: IARC.

Prospective study of diet and female colorectal cancer: The New York university women's health study

Abstract: The relation between diet and female colorectal cancer was analyzed in a prospective study of 14,727 women aged 34-65 years, who were enrolled at mammographic screening clinics in New York and Florida from 1985 to 1991. They were followed through the end of 1994 (average 7.1 yrs) by a combination of direct contact through mail and telephone and record linkages with regional tumor registries, resulting in 100 incident cases of colorectal cancer. There was no overall positive or inverse association of colorectal cancer risk with intakes of total calories, total or subclasses of fat, carbohydrate, or dietary fiber, whereas there was an inverse association with total protein. Among major food groups, there was a progressive decline in risk of colorectal cancer with increasing intake of fish and shellfish (relative risk for 4th vs. 1st quartile = 0.49, 95% confidence interval = 0.27-0.89). A similar inverse association was also observed for consumption of dairy products, and this association was explained mainly by calcium, not by other nutrients, such as fat or protein. The results of the present study indicated that certain dietary components of fish or dairy products may protect against colorectal cancer, whereas the relations with red meat or total fat remained unclear.

The Epidemiology of Prostatic Cancer: Geographical Distribution and time-trends

Abstract: Prostate cancer is one of the most frequent tumours in males. Globally about 235000 new cases were estimated to occur in 1980. the cancer is particularly frequent in North America, where rates in blacks are often double those in whites, and in several European countries, being rare in much of Asia. After migration to the US, Chinese and Japanese show substantial increases. Incidence may be distorted by inclusion of varying numbers of so-called 'latent' cancers; for some comparisons mortality data are preferable. 'Small' latent cancers seem to be uniformly distributed irrespective of the incidence of the clinically manifest form. the incidence of prostate cancer seems to be increasing in most populations, particularly in Asia and Eastern Europe. in general, mortality follows suit. Birth cohort analysis shows that for US non-whites, cohorts born before 1896–1900 showed an increase in mortality for all age groups, but the death rates fell for cohorts born subsequently, a phenomenon also observed in Australia...

TP53 and KRAS mutation load and types in lung cancers in relation to tobacco smoke : distinct patterns in never, former, and current smokers

Abstract: TP53 mutations are common in lung cancers of smokers, with high prevalence of G:C-to-T:A transversions generally interpreted as mutagen fingerprints of tobacco smoke. In this study, TP53 (exons 5-9) and KRAS (codon 12) were analyzed in primary lung tumors of never ( n = 40), former ( n = 27), and current smokers ( n = 64; mainly heavy smokers). Expression of p53, cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), and nitrotyrosine (N-Tyr), a marker of protein damage by nitric oxide, were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. TP53 mutations were detected in 47.5% never, 55.6% former, and 77.4% current smokers. The relative risk for mutation increased with tobacco consumption ( P linear trend P = 0.06, current versus never smokers) and A:T-to-G:C transitions ( P = 0.03, former versus never smokers) were consistently associated with smoking. In contrast, G:C-to-A:T transitions were associated with never smoking ( P = 0.02). About half of mutations in current smokers fell within a particular domain of p53 protein, suggesting a common structural effect. KRAS mutations, detected in 20 of 131 (15.3%) cases, were rare in squamous cell carcinoma compared with adenocarcinoma [relative risk (RR), 0.2; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.07-1] and were more frequent in former smokers than in other categories. No significant differences in Cox-2 expression were found between ever and never smokers. However, high levels of N-Tyr were more common in never than ever smokers (RR, 10; 95% CI, 1.6-50). These results support the notion that lung tumorigenesis proceeds through different molecular mechanisms according to smoking status. In never smokers, accumulation of N-Tyr suggests an etiology involving severe inflammation.

β-Catenin Mutations Are Frequent in Human Hepatocellular Carcinomas Associated with Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common fatal cancers worldwide. Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections, exposure to aflatoxin, and excessive intake of alcohol have been identified as major risk factors. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their development are still poorly understood. Recently, β-catenin, one of the key components of the Wnt signaling pathway, has been found to be mutated in about 20% of HCCs, suggesting a role of the Wnt pathway in their development. In this study, we examined β-catenin and APC mutations in 22 HCCs associated with HCV infection, using single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) followed by direct DNA sequencing. β-Catenin mutations were found in nine (41%) cases, but no APC mutations were found. β-Catenin immunohistochemistry revealed nuclear accumulation of β-catenin protein in all nine tumors with a β-catenin mutation and two additional tumors without a mutation. These results suggest that activation of the Wnt signaling pathway by β-catenin mutation contributes significantly to the hepatocellular carcinogenesis associated with HCV infection.

Fruit and vegetable intake and mortality from ischaemic heart disease: Results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Heart study

Abstract: AIMS: A higher intake of fruits and vegetables has been associated with a lower risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD), but there is some uncertainty about the interpretation of this association. Th ...