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Institution

International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh

FacilityDhaka, Bangladesh
About: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh is a facility organization based out in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Vibrio cholerae. The organization has 3103 authors who have published 5238 publications receiving 226880 citations. The organization is also known as: SEATO Cholera Research Laboratory & Bangladesh International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: On teste si le tamponnage par l'acide gastrique affecte les taux d'anticorps contre la toxine cholerique and the reponse en anticorps vibrioacides au vaccin oral BSWC.
Abstract: Les auteurs rapportent les resultats d'experiences dans lesquelles on verifie si l'exposition a des solutions de faible pH reduit l'activite de la sous-unite β de la toxine cholerique. Les auteurs decrivent egalement une evaluation serologique chez des volontaires humains chez lesquels on teste si le tamponnage par l'acide gastrique affecte les taux d'anticorps contre la toxine cholerique et la reponse en anticorps vibrioacides au vaccin oral BSWC

70 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Improved SP vaccines are a very promising investment that could substantially contribute to reduction of child mortality world-wide.
Abstract: Background: Pneumonia is the leading cause of child mortality worldwide. Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) or pneumococcus is estimated to cause 821,000 child deaths each year. It has over 90 serotypes, of which 7 to 13 serotypes are included in current formulations of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines that are efficacious in young children. To further reduce the burden from SP pneumonia, a vaccine is required that could protect children from a greater diversity of serotypes. Two different types of vaccines against pneumococcal pneumonia are currently at varying stages of development: a multivalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine covering additional SP serotypes; and a conserved common pneumococcal protein antigen (PPA) vaccine offering protection for all serotypes. Methods: We used a modified CHNRI methodology for setting priorities in health research investments. This was done in two stages. In Stage I, we systematically reviewed the literature related to emerging SP vaccines relevant to several criteria of interest: answerability; efficacy and effectiveness; cost of development, production and implementation; deliverability, affordability and sustainability; maximum potential for disease burden reduction; acceptability to the end users and health workers; and effect on equity. In Stage II, we conducted an expert opinion exercise by inviting 20 experts (leading basic scientists, international public health researchers, international policy makers and representatives of pharmaceutical companies). The policy makers and industry representatives accepted our invitation on the condition of anonymity, due to sensitive nature of their involvement in such exercises. They answered questions from CHNRI framework and their “collective optimism” towards each criterion was documented on a scale from 0 to 100%. Results: The experts expressed very high level of optimism (over 80%) that low-cost polysaccharide conjugate SP vaccines would satisfy each of the 9 relevant CHNRI criteria. The median potential effectiveness of conjugate SP vaccines in reduction of overall childhood pneumonia mortality was predicted to be about 25% (interquartile range 20-38%, min. 15%, max 45%). For low cost, cross-protective common protein vaccines for SP the experts expressed concerns over answerability (72%) and the level of development costs (50%), while the scores for all other criteria were over 80%. The median potential effectiveness of common protein vaccines in reduction of overall childhood pneumonia mortality was predicted to be about 30% (interquartile range 26-40%, min. 20%, max 45%). Conclusions: Improved SP vaccines are a very promising investment that could substantially contribute to reduction of child mortality world-wide.

70 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Current and proposed new methods of identifying pneumonia based on maternal recall discriminate poorly between pneumonia and children with cough, and are suggested not to be used for the purpose of monitoring antibiotic treatment rates in children with pneumonia at the present time.
Abstract: Background: Antibiotic treatment for pneumonia as measured by Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) is a key indicator for tracking progress in achieving Millennium Development Goal 4. Concerns about the validity of this indicator led us to perform an evaluation in urban and rural settings in Pakistan and Bangladesh. Methods and Findings: Caregivers of 950 children under 5 y with pneumonia and 980 with ‘‘no pneumonia’’ were identified in urban and rural settings and allocated for DHS/MICS questions 2 or 4 wk later. Study physicians assigned a diagnosis of pneumonia as reference standard; the predictive ability of DHS/MICS questions and additional measurement tools to identify pneumonia versus non-pneumonia cases was evaluated. Results at both sites showed suboptimal discriminative power, with no difference between 2- or 4-wk recall. Individual patterns of sensitivity and specificity varied substantially across study sites (sensitivity 66.9% and 45.5%, and specificity 68.8% and 69.5%, for DHS in Pakistan and Bangladesh, respectively). Prescribed antibiotics for pneumonia were correctly recalled by about two-thirds of caregivers using DHS questions, increasing to 72% and 82% in Pakistan and Bangladesh, respectively, using a drug chart and detailed enquiry. Conclusions: Monitoring antibiotic treatment of pneumonia is essential for national and global programs. Current (DHS/ MICS questions) and proposed new (video and pneumonia score) methods of identifying pneumonia based on maternal recall discriminate poorly between pneumonia and children with cough. Furthermore, these methods have a low yield to identify children who have true pneumonia. Reported antibiotic treatment rates among these children are therefore not a valid proxy indicator of pneumonia treatment rates. These results have important implications for program monitoring and suggest that data in its current format from DHS/MICS surveys should not be used for the purpose of monitoring antibiotic treatment rates in children with pneumonia at the present time. Please see later in the article for the Editors’ Summary.

70 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A spatial analysis of health service supply in poor urban settlements in Dhaka emphasizes the importance of taking the informal private sector into account in efforts to increase effective coverage of quality services.
Abstract: In Bangladesh, the health risks of unplanned urbanization are disproportionately shouldered by the urban poor. At the same time, affordable formal primary care services are scarce, and what exists is almost exclusively provided by non-government organizations (NGOs) working on a project basis. So where do the poor go for health care? A health facility mapping of six urban slum settlements in Dhaka was undertaken to explore the configuration of healthcare services proximate to where the poor reside. Three methods were employed: (1) Social mapping and listing of all Health Service Delivery Points (HSDPs); (2) Creation of a geospatial map including Global Positioning System (GPS) co-ordinates of all HSPDs in the six study areas and (3) Implementation of a facility survey of all HSDPs within six study areas. Descriptive statistics are used to examine the number, type and concentration of service provider types, as well as indicators of their accessibility in terms of location and hours of service. A total of 1041 HSDPs were mapped, of which 80% are privately operated and the rest by NGOs and the public sector. Phamacies and non-formal or traditional doctors make up 75% of the private sector while consultation chambers account for 20%. Most NGO and Urban Primary Health Care Project (UPHCP) static clinics are open 5-6 days/week, but close by 4-5 pm in the afternoon. Evening services are almost exclusively offered by private HSDPs; however, only 37% of private sector health staff possess some kind of formal medical qualification. This spatial analysis of health service supply in poor urban settlements emphasizes the importance of taking the informal private sector into account in efforts to increase effective coverage of quality services. Features of informal private sector service provision that have facilitated market penetration may be relevant in designing formal services that better meet the needs of the urban poor.

70 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A qualitative study in six villages, interviewing 27 date palm sap collectors (gachhis) within the geographical area where NiV outbreaks have occurred since 2001, found that bats pose a challenge to successful collection of quality sap.
Abstract: Nipah virus (NiV) infection is a seasonal disease in Bangladesh that coincides with the date palm sap collection season Raw date palm sap is a delicacy to drink in Bengali culture If fruit bats that are infected with NiV gain access to the sap for drinking, they might occasionally contaminate the sap through saliva and urine In February 2007, we conducted a qualitative study in six villages, interviewing 27 date palm sap collectors (gachhis) within the geographical area where NiV outbreaks have occurred since 2001 Gachhis reported that bats pose a challenge to successful collection of quality sap, because bats drink and defecate into the sap which markedly reduces its value They know some methods to prevent access by bats and other pests but do not use them consistently, because of lack of time and resources Further studies to explore the effectiveness of these methods and to motivate gachhis to invest their time and money to use them could reduce the risk of human Nipah infection in Bangladesh

70 citations


Authors

Showing all 3121 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Stanley Falkow13434962461
Myron M. Levine12378960865
Roger I. Glass11647449151
Robert F. Breiman10547343927
Harry B. Greenberg10043334941
Barbara J. Stoll10039042107
Andrew M. Prentice9955046628
Robert H. Gilman9690343750
Robert E. Black9220156887
Johan Ärnlöv9138690490
Juan Jesus Carrero8952266970
John D. Clemens8950628981
William A. Petri8550726906
Toshifumi Hibi8280828674
David A. Sack8043723320
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
20235
202234
2021494
2020414
2019391
2018334