International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh

About: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh is a facility organization based out in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Vibrio cholerae. The organization has 3103 authors who have published 5238 publications receiving 226880 citations. The organization is also known as: SEATO Cholera Research Laboratory & Bangladesh International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research.

Sunlight-induced propagation of the lysogenic phage encoding cholera toxin.

Abstract: In toxigenic Vibrio cholerae, the cholera enterotoxin (CT) is encoded by CTXPhi, a lysogenic bacteriophage. The propagation of this filamentous phage can result in the origination of new toxigenic strains. To understand the nature of possible environmental factors associated with the propagation of CTXPhi, we examined the effects of temperature, pH, salinity, and exposure to direct sunlight on the induction of the CTX prophage and studied the transmission of the phage to potential recipient strains. Exposure of cultures of CTXPhi lysogens to direct sunlight resulted in approximately 10,000-fold increases in phage titers. Variation in temperature, pH, or salinity of the culture did not have a substantial effect on the induction of the prophage, but these factors influenced the stability of CTXPhi particles. Exposure of mixed cultures of CTXPhi lysogens and potential recipient strains to sunlight significantly increased both the in vitro and in vivo (in rabbit ileal loops) transduction of the recipient strains by CTXPhi. Included in these transduction experiments were two environmental nontoxigenic (CTXPhi(-)) strains of V. cholerae O139. These two O139 strains were transduced at high efficiency by CTXPhi, and the phage genome integrated into the O139 host chromosome. The resulting CTXPhi lysogens produced biologically active CT both in vitro and in rabbit ileal loops. This finding suggests a possible mechanism explaining the origination of toxigenic V. cholerae O139 strains from nontoxigenic progenitors. This study indicates that sunlight is a significant inducer of the CTX prophage and suggests that sunlight-induced transmission of CTXPhi may constitute part of a natural mechanism for the origination of new toxigenic strains of V. cholerae.

Isolation of Vibrio cholerae O139 synonym Bengal from the aquatic environment in Bangladesh: implications for disease transmission.

Abstract: Currently, Bangladesh is experiencing an epidemic of acute watery diarrhea caused by Vibrio cholerae O139 Surface waters were collected and cultured for vibrious following enrichment Twelve percent (11 of 92) of samples yielded V cholerae O139, and all of them were positive for cholera toxin The data suggest that V cholerae O139 is easily culturable from surface water samples Images

Cross-country analysis of strategies for achieving progress towards global goals for women's and children's health

Abstract: Objective To identify how 10 low- and middle-income countries achieved accelerated progress, ahead of comparable countries, towards meeting millennium development goals 4 and 5A to reduce child and maternal mortality.