International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh

About: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh is a facility organization based out in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Vibrio cholerae. The organization has 3103 authors who have published 5238 publications receiving 226880 citations. The organization is also known as: SEATO Cholera Research Laboratory & Bangladesh International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research.

Acquisition of Serum Antibody to Norwalk Virus and Rotavirus and Relation to Diarrhea in a Longitudinal Study of Young Children in Rural Bangladesh

Abstract: Serum antibodies to Norwalk virus and to rotavirus were measured during longitudinal studies of infectious diseases and nutrition in rural Bangladesh. Initially, the prevalence of antibody to Norwalk virus was 7% in children younger than six months and increased to 80% in children two to five years of age. The incidence of titer increases was highest in one- and two-year-olds and in children who had low or undetectable levels of antibody. Some Norwalk virus infections appeared to result in diarrhea. Nearly all children had serum antibodies to rotavirus at the beginning of the study; however, children with the lowest levels of antibody to rotavirus had the greatest risk of rotavirus diarrhea. Over half of the children had a fourfold increase in titer of antibody to rotavirus during the year, and 7% had increases in two of the three study periods during the year. Most increases in titer of antibody to rotavirus appeared to result from subclinical infections.

Breast feeding as a determinant of severity in shigellosis. Evidence for protection throughout the first three years of life in Bangladeshi children

Abstract: Little is known about the effect of breast feeding upon the severity of illness due to specific diarrheal pathogens. Using a systematically sampled and evaluated population of children aged less than 3 years, who attended a diarrheal disease hospital in Bangladesh, the authors performed a case-control study that assessed whether breast feeding reduces the severity of illness in shigellosis. From 540 children presenting with shigellosis between 1980-1982, they created a group of cases (n = 53) with severe illness and controls (n = 487) with non-severe illness. Overall, the odds ratio relating breast feeding to the severity of shigellosis (0.49, p = 0.01) suggested a substantial mitigating effect of breast feeding upon clinical severity. The high degree of protection against severe shigellosis was evident for breast-fed children up to 35 months of age, as well as for children at high risk for death because of severe malnutrition or measles. Because shigellosis continues to account for substantial morbidity and mortality in children in developing countries, the results support prolonged breast feeding in these settings.

Rice-based oral rehydration solution decreases the stool volume in acute diarrhoea.

Abstract: A ramdomized trial using oral rehydration solutions (ORS) with rice or glucose was carried out in 342 patients with acute watery diarrhea in the outpatient ward of the International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research Bangladesh during an epidemic of cholera between December 1982-March 1983. On admission 75% of these patients had severe dehydration and 70% were positive for Vibrio cholerae. There were 185 children aged under 10 years and 157 adults; 169 patients were treated with rice-ORS and 173 with glucose-ORS. Patients in both groups were comparable in age and body weight as well as the duration and severity of illness. Patients with severe dehydration were first rehydrated intravenously and then treated with ORS. Those with moderate dehydration received ORS from the start. The mean stool output in the first 24 hours in children treated with rice-ORS was less than that in those treated with glucose-ORS (155 vs 204 ml/kg 24h; P0.01). The same was the case for the adult patients the corresponding values for stool output being 115 versus 159 ml/kg24h (P0.05); the corresponding intakes in adult patients were respectively 180.5 and 247 ml/kg24 hours. A gain of about 10% of the body weight on admission was observed in all the groups. 6 cases (4 children and 2 adults) who failed to respond to oral rehydration after intravenous therapy all belonged to the glucose-ORS group. The study shows that even under epidemic conditions of severe cholera or in cholera-like diarrhea the glucose or sucrose solutions can be replaced by rice powder with improved results. Glucose and sucrose are manufactured products which are expensive and not always available in countries where diarrheal diseases are a problem. Rice a staple food in many of these countries reduces the fluid requirements when used in ORS and also provides increased nutrition even in the acute stage of illness.

Reducing maternal mortality and improving maternal health: Bangladesh and MDG 5.

Abstract: Bangladesh is on its way to achieving the MDG 5 target of reducing the maternal mortality ratio by three-quarters between 1990 and 2015, but the annual rate of decline needs to triple. Although the use of skilled birth attendants has improved over the past 15 years, it remains less than 20% as of 2007 and is especially low among poor, uneducated rural women. Increasing the numbers of skilled birth attendants, deploying them in teams in facilities, and improving access to them through messages on antenatal care to women, have the potential to increase such use. The use of caesarean sections is increasing although not among poor, uneducated rural women. Strengthening appropriate quality emergency obstetric care in rural areas remains the major challenge. Strengthening other supportive services, including family planning and delayed first birth, menstrual regulation, and education of women, are also important for achieving MDG 5.

Sharing of virulence-associated properties at the phenotypic and genetic levels between enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Hafnia alvei.

Abstract: Seven strains of Hafnia alvei isolated from diarrhoeal stools of children resembled enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) in that they produced attaching-effacing (AE) lesions in rabbit ileal loops and fluorescent actin staining in infected HEp-2 cells. In addition, a DNA probe from a chromosomal gene required by EPEC to produce AE lesions, hybridised to chromosomal DNA from all seven H. alvei strains. These findings indicate that there is a sharing of virulence-associated properties at the phenotypic and genetic levels by H. alvei and EPEC. H. alvei strains with these properties should be considered diarrhoeagenic.