International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh

About: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh is a facility organization based out in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Vibrio cholerae. The organization has 3103 authors who have published 5238 publications receiving 226880 citations. The organization is also known as: SEATO Cholera Research Laboratory & Bangladesh International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research.

Cognitive Deficit and Poverty in the First 5 Years of Childhood in Bangladesh

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the timing and size of the cognitive deficit associated with poverty in the first 5 years of life and to examine the role of parental characteristics, pre- and postnatal growth, and stimulation in the home in Bangladeshi children. We hypothesized that the effect of poverty on cognition begins in infancy and is mainly mediated by these factors. METHODS: We enrolled 2853 singletons, a subsample from a pregnancy supplementation trial in a poor rural area. We assessed mental development at 7, 18, and 64 months; anthropometry at birth, 12, 24, and 64 months; home stimulation at 18 and 64 months; and family’s socioeconomic background. In multiple regression analyses, we examined the effect of poverty at birth on IQ at 64 months and the extent that other factors mediated the effect. RESULTS: A mean cognitive deficit of 0.2 (95% confidence interval –0.4 to –0.02) z scores between the first and fifth wealth quintiles was apparent at 7 months and increased to 1.2 (95% confidence interval –1.3 to –1.0) z scores of IQ by 64 months. Parental education, pre- and postnatal growth in length, and home stimulation mediated 86% of the effects of poverty on IQ and had independent effects. Growth in the first 2 years had larger effects than later growth. Home stimulation had effects throughout the period. CONCLUSIONS: Effects of poverty on children’s cognition are mostly mediated through parental education, birth size, growth in the first 24 months, and home stimulation in the first 5 years.

Prevalence and genetic characterization of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolates from slaughtered animals in Bangladesh.

Abstract: To determine the prevalence of Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in slaughter animals in Dhaka, Bangladesh, we collected rectal contents immediately after animals were slaughtered. Of the samples collected from buffalo (n 174), cows (n 139), and goats (n 110), 82.2%, 72.7%, and 11.8% tested positive for stx1 and/or stx2, respectively. STEC could be isolated from 37.9%, 20.1%, and 10.0% of the buffalo, cows, and goats, respectively. STEC O157 samples were isolated from 14.4% of the buffalo, 7.2% of the cows, and 9.1% of the goats. More than 93% (n 42) of the STEC O157 isolates were positive for the stx2, eae, katP, etpD, and enterohemorrhagic E. coli hly (hlyEHEC) virulence genes. STEC O157 isolates were characterized by seven recognized phage types, of which types 14 (24.4%) and 31 (24.4%) were predominant. Subtyping of the 45 STEC O157 isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed 37 distinct restriction patterns, suggesting a heterogeneous clonal diversity. In addition to STEC O157, 71 STEC non-O157 strains were isolated from 60 stx-positive samples from 23.6% of the buffalo, 12.9% of the cows, and 0.9% of the goats. The STEC non-O157 isolates belonged to 36 different O groups and 52 O:H serotypes. Unlike STEC O157, most of the STEC non-O157 isolates (78.9%) were positive for stx1. Only 7.0% (n 5) of the isolates were positive for hlyEHEC, and none was positive for eae, katP, and etpD. None of the isolates was positive for the iha, toxB, and efa1 putative adhesion genes. However, 35.2% (n 25), 11.3% (n 8), 12.7% (n 9), and 12.7% (n 9) of the isolates were positive for the lpfO113, saa, lpfAO157/01-141, and lpfAO157/OI-154 genes, respectively. The results of this study provide the first evidence that slaughtered animals like buffalo, cows, and goats in Bangladesh are reservoirs for STEC, including the potentially virulent STEC strain O157. Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) organisms, also called verocytotoxin (VT)-producing E. coli (VTEC), are one of the most important groups of foodborne pathogens (2, 32). Infection can cause gastroenteritis that may be complicated by hemorrhagic colitis or the hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), which is the main cause of acute renal failure in children. STEC strains causing human infections belong to a large, still-increasing number of O:H serotypes. Most outbreaks and sporadic cases of hemorrhagic colitis and HUS have been attributed to the STEC

Maternal health and care-seeking behavior in Bangladesh: findings from a national survey.

Abstract: Contexte: La reduction des niveaux de mortalite maternelle figure parmi les principaux objectifs de developpement du millenaire, mais la documentation communautaire des complications obstetriques et des comportements de recours aux soins de sante maternelle demeure limitee dans les pays a faibles ressources. Methodes: Cette etude presente un apercu des conclusions principales de l'enquete sur les services de sante maternelle et la mortalite maternelle realisee en 2001 au Bangladesh parmi les femmes de 13 a 49 ans mariees ou l'ayant jamais ete. L'enquete a recueilli des donnees sur la prevalence des complications obstetriques, la sensibilisation des femmes aux complications graves (mettant leur vie en danger), le recours au traitement et les raisons du recours tardif aux soins medicaux. Resultats: Les Bangladaises declarent un recours faible mais grandissant aux soins prenatals, ainsi que de faibles taux d'accouchement en etablissement de sante ou avec l'assistance d'un prestataire qualifie. Bien que la moitie des femmes aient declare avoir rencontre en cours de grossesse au moins une complication qu'elles percevaient comme grave, une sur trois seulement a fait appel a un prestataire qualifie. Plus de trois quarts des femmes ayant besoin de soins immediats pour les convulsions ou le saignement excessif n'ont eu recours a aucun traitement ou se sont adressees a un prestataire non qualifie. La raison principale invoquee pour l'absence de traitement des complications graves aura ete le souci des frais medicaux encourus. De profonds ecarts socioeconomiques ont ete observes dans le comportement de recours aux soins maternels dans les milieux urbains aussi bien que ruraux du Bangladesh. Conclusions: Malgre les ecarts d'acces a des prestations d'accouchement qualifiees et de soins obstetriques d'urgence efficaces, un certain progres a ete realise vers la baisse des taux de mortalite maternelle. L'amelioration des soins obstetriques et l'affaiblissement des taux de fecondite et de grossesse non desiree ont joue un role critique dans la reponse aux besoins de soins de sante maternelle des Bangladaises.