Institution
International Food Policy Research Institute
Nonprofit•Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States•
About: International Food Policy Research Institute is a nonprofit organization based out in Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Food security & Agriculture. The organization has 1217 authors who have published 4952 publications receiving 218436 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: In this paper, a special issue sponsored by UNU-WIDER focusing on key governance challenges related to addressing gaps in urban service delivery in sub-Saharan Africa is presented, highlighting how and when such dynamics become problematic for the delivery of urban services, and offer important implications for the donor community.
Abstract: This is an introduction to a special issue sponsored by UNU-WIDER focusing on key governance challenges related to addressing gaps in urban service delivery in sub-Saharan Africa. First, due to decentralisation policies in much of Africa, the provision of services is often transferred to sub-national authorities. But complex layers of administration and high levels of poverty deprive local governments of adequate resources. Secondly, opposition parties now control a number of African cities, a situation known as ‘vertically-divided authority’. Consequently, central governments do not always have an incentive to help municipal governments improve their performance. Case studies of Senegal, South Africa and Uganda highlight how and when such dynamics become problematic for the delivery of urban services, and offer important implications for the donor community.
81 citations
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TL;DR: Maize varieties differed in fumonisin contamination, with the most popular varieties vulnerable to both mycotoxins and weevils, which are potential factors in exacerbating mycotoxin contamination.
Abstract: We conducted a survey of aflatoxin and fumonisin in maize in western Kenya. In a regional survey of aflatoxin conducted in 2009 across three agroecological zones within three administrative regions, milled maize samples were collected from 985 patrons of 26 hammer mills. Aflatoxin contamination was detected in 49% of samples and was above the regulatory (10 ppb) in 15% of the samples overall; 65% of samples from a drought-prone area were over the limit. In a detailed survey in Bungoma County, we investigated aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination in four popular maize varieties at harvest and after 2 and 4 months of storage. We collected whole-grain samples from farmers' storage sheds and milled samples from patrons of local mills. Mean aflatoxin contamination was identical for storage sheds and mills at 2.3 ppb. In all, 41% of the samples from mills had detectable aflatoxin, with 4% over the regulatory limit, whereas 87% had detectable fumonisin, with 50% over the regulatory limit (1 ppm). Mean contamination levels did not change during storage. Maize varieties differed in fumonisin contamination, with the most popular varieties vulnerable to both mycotoxins and weevils, which are potential factors in exacerbating mycotoxin contamination. Mycotoxin surveillance is important not just in areas known previously for aflatoxin contamination and acute poisoning but also is needed in all maize-producing regions.
81 citations
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TL;DR: Investments to stop crop burning and offer farmers alternative crop-residue disposal solutions are likely to improve population-level respiratory health and yield major economic returns.
Abstract: BACKGROUND Respiratory infections are among the leading causes of death and disability globally. Respirable aerosol particles released by agricultural crop-residue burning (ACRB), practised by farmers in all global regions, are potentially harmful to human health. Our objective was to estimate the health and economic costs of ACRB in northern India. METHODS The primary outcome was acute respiratory infection (ARI) from India's fourth District Level Health Survey (DLHS-4). DLHS-4 data were merged with Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer satellite data on fire occurrence. Mutually adjusted generalized linear models were used to generate risk ratios for risk factors of ARI. Overall disease burden due to ACRB was estimated in terms of disability-adjusted life years. RESULTS Seeking medical treatment for ARI in the previous 2 weeks was reported by 5050 (2%) of 252 539 persons. Living in a district with intense ACRB-the top quintile of fires per day-was associated with a 3-fold higher risk of ARI (mutually adjusted risk ratio 2.99, 95% confidence interval 2.77 to 3.23) after adjustment for socio-demographic and household factors. Children under 5 years of age were particularly susceptible (3.65, 3.06 to 4.34 in this subgroup). Additional ARI risk factors included motor-vehicle congestion (1.96, 1.72 to 2.23), open drainage (1.91, 1.73 to 2.11), cooking with biomass (1.73, 1.58 to 1.90) and living in urban areas (1.35, 1.26 to 1.44). Eliminating ACRB would avert 14.9 million disability-adjusted life years lost per year, valued at US$152.9 billion over 5 years. CONCLUSIONS Investments to stop crop burning and offer farmers alternative crop-residue disposal solutions are likely to improve population-level respiratory health and yield major economic returns.
81 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors use gender-disaggregated survey data from rural Uganda to explore individual and household characteristics associated with women's empowerment, and find links between empowerment and age, education, proximity to a paved road as well as the marketed share of crop production.
Abstract: Evidence from studies on women's empowerment suggests that when women have a larger role in decision-making, household well-being improves. Understanding patterns influencing women's empowerment in rural areas is therefore important. We use gender-disaggregated survey data from rural Uganda to explore individual and household characteristics associated with women's empowerment. We find links between empowerment and age, education, proximity to a paved road as well as the marketed share of crop production. Age and education are associated with higher empowerment, but equality in education between the spouses is more important than the average level of education. Remoteness is associated with lower women's empowerment, as is greater commercial orientation in crop production. This may be due to the fact that men are more involved in cash-crop activities, giving them an advantage through higher income. One policy implication is that education needs to target both girls and boys, especially in remote areas, putting special focus on girl's involvement in value added activities.
81 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the impact of negative rainfall shocks on agricultural productivity and crop-specific agricultural land productivity was investigated and the authors examined the impact on household consumption as well as its distributional impact by initial wealth and geographical zones.
81 citations
Authors
Showing all 1269 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Michael B. Zimmermann | 83 | 437 | 23563 |
Kenneth H. Brown | 79 | 353 | 23199 |
Thomas Reardon | 79 | 285 | 25458 |
Marie T. Ruel | 77 | 300 | 22862 |
John Hoddinott | 75 | 357 | 21372 |
Mark W. Rosegrant | 73 | 315 | 22194 |
Agnes R. Quisumbing | 72 | 311 | 18433 |
Johan F.M. Swinnen | 70 | 570 | 20039 |
Stefan Dercon | 69 | 259 | 17696 |
Jikun Huang | 69 | 430 | 18496 |
Gregory J. Seymour | 66 | 385 | 17744 |
Lawrence Haddad | 65 | 243 | 24931 |
Rebecca J. Stoltzfus | 61 | 224 | 13711 |
Ravi Kanbur | 61 | 498 | 19422 |
Ruth Meinzen-Dick | 61 | 237 | 13707 |