International School for Advanced Studies

About: International School for Advanced Studies is a education organization based out in Trieste, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Galaxy & Dark matter. The organization has 3751 authors who have published 13433 publications receiving 588454 citations. The organization is also known as: SISSA & Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati.

Cosmology with massive neutrinos I: towards a realistic modeling of the relation between matter, haloes and galaxies

Abstract: By using a suite of large box-size N-body simulations that incorporate massive neutrinos as an extra set of particles, with total masses of 0.15, 0.30, and 0.60 eV, we investigate the impact of neutrino masses on the spatial distribution of dark matter haloes and on the distribution of galaxies within the haloes. We compute the bias between the spatial distribution of dark matter haloes and the overall matter and cold dark matter distributions using statistical tools such as the power spectrum and the two-point correlation function. Overall we find a scale-dependent bias on large scales for the cosmologies with massive neutrinos. In particular, we find that the bias decreases with the scale, being this effect more important for higher neutrino masses and at high redshift. However, our results indicate that the scale-dependence in the bias is reduced if the latter is computed with respect to the cold dark matter distribution only. We find that the value of the bias on large scales is reasonably well reproduced by the Tinker fitting formula once the linear cold dark matter power spectrum is used, instead of the total matter power spectrum. We also investigate whether scale-dependent bias really comes from purely neutrino's effect or from nonlinear gravitational collapse of haloes. For this purpose, we address the Ων-σ8 degeneracy and find that such degeneracy is not perfect, implying that neutrinos imprint a slight scale dependence on the large-scale bias. Finally, by using a simple halo occupation distribution (HOD) model, we investigate the impact of massive neutrinos on the distribution of galaxies within dark matter haloes. We use the main galaxy sample in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) II Data Release 7 to investigate if the small-scale galaxy clustering alone can be used to discriminate among different cosmological models with different neutrino masses. Our results suggest that different choices of the HOD parameters can reproduce the observational measurements relatively well, and we quantify the difference between the values of the HOD parameters between massless and massive neutrino cosmologies.

Dynamics of Opinion Forming in Structurally Balanced Social Networks

Abstract: A structurally balanced social network is a social community that splits into two antagonistic factions (typical example being a two-party political system). The process of opinion forming on such a community is most often highly predictable, with polarized opinions reflecting the bipartition of the network. The aim of this paper is to suggest a class of dynamical systems, called monotone systems, as natural models for the dynamics of opinion forming on structurally balanced social networks. The high predictability of the outcome of a decision process is explained in terms of the order-preserving character of the solutions of this class of dynamical systems. If we represent a social network as a signed graph in which individuals are the nodes and the signs of the edges represent friendly or hostile relationships, then the property of structural balance corresponds to the social community being splittable into two antagonistic factions, each containing only friends.

Spectral properties of 438 GRBs detected by Fermi/GBM

Abstract: We present the results of the spectral analysis of the public data of 438 gamma ray bursts (GRBs) detected by the Fermi Gamma ray Burst Monitor (GBM) up to March 2010. For 432 bursts we could fit the time-integrated spectrum. In 318 cases we could reliably constrain the peak energy of their ν F ν spectrum by analyzing their time-integrated spectrum between 8 keV and 35 MeV. Eighty percent of these spectra are fitted by a power-law with an exponential cutoff, and the remaining with the Band function. Among these 318 GRBs, 274 belong to the long GRB class and 44 to the short. Long GRBs have a typical peak energy ~ 160 keV and low-energy spectral index α ~ − 0.92. Short GRBs have a harder peak energy ( ~ 490 keV) and a harder low-energy spectral index (α ~ −0.50) than long bursts. For each Fermi GRB we also analyzed the spectrum corresponding to the peak flux of the burst. On average, the peak spectrum has a harder low-energy spectral index than the corresponding time-integrated spectrum for the same burst, but similar Ṫhe spectral parameters derived in our analysis of Fermi /GBM bursts are globally consistent with those reported in the GRB Cicular Network (GCN) archive after December 2008, while we found systematic differences in the low-energy power-law index for earlier bursts.

Controllability of the discrete-spectrum Schrödinger equation driven by an external field

Abstract: We prove approximate controllability of the bilinear Schrodinger equation in the case in which the uncontrolled Hamiltonian has discrete non-resonant spectrum. The results that are obtained apply both to bounded or unbounded domains and to the case in which the control potential is bounded or unbounded. The method relies on finite-dimensional techniques applied to the Galerkin approximations and permits, in addition, to get some controllability properties for the density matrix. Two examples are presented: the harmonic oscillator and the 3D well of potential, both controlled by suitable potentials.