International School for Advanced Studies

About: International School for Advanced Studies is a education organization based out in Trieste, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Galaxy & Dark matter. The organization has 3751 authors who have published 13433 publications receiving 588454 citations. The organization is also known as: SISSA & Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati.

Angular Momentum Transfer in Dark Matter Halos: Erasing the Cusp

Abstract: We propose that angular momentum transfer from the baryons to the dark matter (DM) during the early stages of galaxy formation can flatten the halo inner density profile and modify the halo dynamics. We compute the phase-space distribution function of DM halos that corresponds to the density and anisotropy profiles obtained from N-body simulations in the concordance cosmology. We then describe an injection of angular momentum into the halo by modifying the distribution function and show that the system evolves into a new equilibrium configuration; the latter features a constant central density and a tangentially dominated anisotropy profile in the inner regions, while the structure is nearly unchanged beyond 10% of the virial radius. Then we propose a toy model to account for such a halo evolution, based on the angular momentum exchange due to dynamical friction; at the epoch of galaxy formation this is efficiently exerted by the DM onto the gas clouds spiralling down the potential well. The comparison between the angular momentum profile gained by the halo through dynamical friction and that provided by the perturbed distribution function reveals a surprising similarity, hinting at the reliability of the process.

Finite temperature entanglement negativity in conformal field theory

Abstract: We consider the logarithmic negativity of a finite interval embedded in an infinite one dimensional system at finite temperature. We focus on conformal invariant systems and we show that the naive approach based on the calculation of a two-point function of twist fields in a cylindrical geometry yields a wrong result. The correct result is obtained through a four-point function of twist fields in which two auxiliary fields are inserted far away from the interval, and they are sent to infinity only after having taken the replica limit. In this way, we find a universal scaling form for the finite temperature negativity which depends on the full operator content of the theory and not only on the central charge. In the limit of low and high temperatures, the expansion of this universal form can be obtained by means of the operator product expansion. We check our results against exact numerical computations for the critical harmonic chain.

Pressure-Induced Transformation Path of Graphite to Diamond.

Abstract: Using constant-pressure ab initio molecular dynamics we have simulated the conversion of carbon from graphite to diamond under high pressure. We found that the transformation path proceeds through sliding of graphite planes into an unusual orthorhombic stacking, from which an abrupt collapse and buckling of the planes leads to both cubic and hexagonal forms of diamond in comparable proportions. The mutual orientation of the initial and final phases is in agreement with that of shock-wave experiments.

Scrambling and entanglement spreading in long-range spin chains

Abstract: We study scrambling in connection with multipartite entanglement dynamics in regular and chaotic long-range spin chains, characterized by a well-defined semi-classical limit. For regular dynamics, scrambling and entanglement dynamics are found to be very different: up to the Ehrenfest time, they rise side by side, departing only afterward. Entanglement saturates and becomes extensively multipartite, while scrambling, characterized by the dynamic of the square commutator of initially commuting variables, continues its growth up to the recurrence time. Remarkably, the exponential growth of the latter emerges not only in the chaotic case but also in the regular one, when the dynamics occurs at a dynamical critical point.

Antiprotons from dark matter annihilation in the Galaxy: astrophysical uncertainties

Abstract: The latest years have seen steady progresses in weakly interacting massive particle dark matter (DM) searches, with hints of possible signals suggested both in direct and indirect detection. Antiprotons play a key role in this context, since weakly interacting massive particle annihilations can be a copious source of antiprotons, and the antiproton flux from conventional astrophysical sources is predicted with fair accuracy and matches the measured cosmic ray (CR) spectrum very well. Using the publicly available dragon code, we reconsider antiprotons as a tool to set constraints on DM models; we compare against the most up-to-date $\overline{p}$ measurements, taking also into account the latest spectral information on the $p$ and He CR fluxes. In particular, we probe carefully the uncertainties associated to both standard astrophysical and DM originated antiprotons, by using a variety of distinctively different assumptions for the propagation of CRs and for the DM distribution in the Galaxy. We find that the impact of the astrophysical uncertainties on constraining the DM properties of a wide class of annihilating DM models can be much stronger, up to a factor of $\ensuremath{\sim}50$, than the one due to uncertainties on the DM distribution ($\ensuremath{\sim}2--6$). Remarkably, even reducing the uncertainties on the propagation parameters derived by local observables, nonlocal effects can change our predictions for the constraints even by 50%. Nevertheless, current $\overline{p}$ data can place tight constraints on DM models, excluding some of those suggested in connection with indirect and direct searches. Finally we discuss the impact of upcoming CR spectral data from the AMS-02 instrument on DM model constraints.