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Institution

International School for Advanced Studies

EducationTrieste, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy
About: International School for Advanced Studies is a education organization based out in Trieste, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Galaxy & Dark matter. The organization has 3751 authors who have published 13433 publications receiving 588454 citations. The organization is also known as: SISSA & Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a Pop III/Pop II transition from massive to normal stars is predicted to occur whenthe metallicity of the star forming gas crosses the critical range Z cr = 10 −5±1 Z ⊙.
Abstract: A Pop III/Pop II transition from massive to normal stars is predicted to occur whenthe metallicity of the star forming gas crosses the critical range Z cr = 10 −5±1 Z ⊙ . Toinvestigate the cosmic implications of such process we use numerical simulations whichfollow the evolution, metal enrichment and energy deposition of both Pop III and PopII stars. We find that: (i) due to inefficient heavy element transport by outflows andslow ”genetic” transmission during hierarchical growth, large fluctuations around theaverage metallicity arise; as a result Pop III star formation continues down to z = 2.5,but at a low peak rate of 10 −5 M ⊙ yr 1 Mpc −3 occurring at z ≈6 (about 10 −4 of thePop II one); (ii) Pop III star formation proceeds in a ”inside-out” mode in whichformation sites are progressively confined at the periphery of collapsed structures,where the low gas density and correspondingly long free-fall timescales result in a veryinefficient astration. These conclusions strongly encourage deep searches for pristinestar formation sites at moderate (2 < z < 5) redshifts where metal free stars are likelyto be hidden.Key words: galaxies: formation - cosmology: theory - cosmology: observations -intergalactic medium

246 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors derived an expression for the orbital magnetization of a periodic insulator based on the Wannier representation, which was verified by comparing numerical tight-binding calculations for finite and periodic samples.
Abstract: Working in the Wannier representation, we derive an expression for the orbital magnetization of a periodic insulator. The magnetization is shown to be comprised of two contributions, an obvious one associated with the internal circulation of bulklike Wannier functions in the interior, and an unexpected one arising from net currents carried by Wannier functions near the surface. Each contribution can be expressed as a bulk property in terms of Bloch functions in a gauge-invariant way. Our expression is verified by comparing numerical tight-binding calculations for finite and periodic samples.

246 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a statistical mechanics based on the pilot-wave formulation of quantum theory is proposed, without making the assumption that the probability density P is equal to Θ(Θ(n) 2.

245 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors study the system of axion strings that forms in the early Universe if the Peccei-Quinn symmetry is restored after inflation and establish the existence of an asymptotic solution to which the system is attracted independently of the initial conditions.
Abstract: We study the system of axion strings that forms in the early Universe if the Peccei-Quinn symmetry is restored after inflation. Using numerical simulations, we establish the existence of an asymptotic solution to which the system is attracted independently of the initial conditions. We study in detail the properties of this solution, including the average number of strings per Hubble patch, the distribution of loops and long strings, the way that different types of radiation are emitted, and the shape of the spectrum of axions produced. We find clear evidence of logarithmic violations of the scaling properties of the attractor solution. We also find that, while most of the axions are emitted with momenta of order Hubble, most of the axion energy density is contained in axions with energy of order the string core scale, at least in the parameter range available in the simulation. While such a spectrum would lead to a negligible number density of relic axions from strings when extrapolated to the physical parameter region, we show that the presence of small logarithmic corrections to the spectrum shape could completely alter such a conclusion. A detailed understanding of the evolution of the axion spectrum is therefore crucial for a reliable estimate of the relic axion abundance from strings.

243 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the most recent achievements in the experimental and theoretical studies of the non-equilibrium electronic, optical, structural and magnetic properties of correlated materials is presented.
Abstract: In the last two decades, non-equilibrium spectroscopies have evolved from avant-garde studies to crucial tools for expanding our understanding of the physics of strongly correlated materials. The possibility of obtaining simultaneously spectroscopic and temporal information has led to insights that are complementary to (and in several cases beyond) those attainable by studying the matter at equilibrium. Multiple phase transitions and new orders arising from competing interactions are benchmark examples where the interplay among electrons, lattice, and spin dynamics can be disentangled because of the different timescales that characterize the recovery of the initial ground state. The nature of the broken-symmetry phases and of the bosonic excitations that mediate the electronic interactions, eventually leading to superconductivity or other exotic states, can be revealed by observing the sub-picosecond dynamics of impulsively excited states. Recent experimental developments have made possible to monitor the time-evolution of both the single-particle and collective excitations under extreme conditions, such as those arising from strong and selective photo-stimulation. Here, we review the most recent achievements in the experimental and theoretical studies of the non-equilibrium electronic, optical, structural and magnetic properties of correlated materials. The focus will be mainly on the prototypical case of correlated oxides that exhibit unconventional superconductivity or other exotic phases, even though the discussion will extend also to other topical systems. The necessity of extending the actual experimental capabilities and the numerical and analytic tools to microscopically treat the non-equilibrium phenomena beyond the simple phenomenological approaches represents one of the most challenging new frontier in physics.

243 citations


Authors

Showing all 3802 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Sabino Matarrese155775123278
G. de Zotti154718121249
J. González-Nuevo144500108318
Matt J. Jarvis144106485559
Carlo Baccigalupi137518104722
L. Toffolatti13637695529
Michele Parrinello13363794674
Marzio Nessi129104678641
Luigi Danese12839492073
Lidia Smirnova12794475865
Michele Pinamonti12684669328
David M. Alexander12565260686
Davide Maino12441088117
Dipak Munshi12436584322
Peter Onyisi11469460392
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202322
202279
2021656
2020714
2019712
2018622