Institution
International Trademark Association
About: International Trademark Association is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Virus. The organization has 5638 authors who have published 7061 publications receiving 151322 citations. The organization is also known as: INTA & International Trademark Association, Inc..
Topics: Population, Virus, Soil water, Brown dwarf, Antigen
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: The International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL) as mentioned in this paper is dedicated to the fine spectroscopy (2.5 × 1.5 ) and fine imaging (angular resolution: 12 arcmin FWHM) of celestial gamma-ray sources in the energy range 15 −keV to 10 −MeV with concurrent source monitoring in the X −ray and optical (V −band, 550 −nm) energy ranges.
Abstract: The ESA observatory INTEGRAL (International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory) is dedicated to the fine spectroscopy (2.5 keV FWHM @ 1 MeV) and fine imaging (angular resolution: 12 arcmin FWHM) of celestial gamma-ray sources in the energy range 15 keV to 10 MeV with concurrent source monitoring in the X-ray ( keV) and optical (V -band, 550 nm) energy ranges. INTEGRAL carries two main gamma-ray instruments, the spectrometer SPI (Vedrenne et al. [CITE]) – optimized for the high-resolution gamma-ray line spectroscopy (20 keV–8 MeV), and the imager IBIS (Ubertini et al. [CITE]) – optimized for high-angular resolution imaging (15 keV–10 MeV). Two monitors, JEM-X (Lund et al. [CITE]) in the () keV X-ray band, and OMC (Mas-Hesse et al. [CITE]) in optical Johnson V -band complement the payload. The ground segment includes the Mission Operations Centre at ESOC, ESA and NASA ground stations, the Science Operations Centre at ESTEC and the Science Data Centre near Geneva. INTEGRAL was launched on 17 October 2002. The observing programme is well underway and sky exposure (until June 2003) reaches ~1800 ks in the Galactic plane. The prospects are excellent for the scientific community to observe the high energy sky using state-of-the-art gamma-ray imaging and spectroscopy. This paper presents a high-level overview of INTEGRAL.
1,243 citations
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TL;DR: The IBIS telescope as mentioned in this paper is the high angular resolution gamma-ray imager on-board the INTEGRAL Observatory, which was successfully launched from Baikonur (Kazakhstan) the 17th of October 2002.
Abstract: The IBIS telescope is the high angular resolution gamma-ray imager on-board the INTEGRAL Observatory, suc- cessfully launched from Baikonur (Kazakhstan) the 17th of October 2002. This medium size ESA project, planned for a 2 year mission with possible extension to 5, is devoted to the observation of the gamma-ray sky in the energy range from 3 keV to 10 MeV (Winkler 2001). The IBIS imaging system is based on two independent solid state detector arrays optimised for low (15 1000 keV) and high (0:175 10:0 MeV) energies surrounded by an active VETO System. This high eciency shield is essential to minimise the background induced by high energy particles in the highly excentric out of van Allen belt orbit. A Tungsten Coded Aperture Mask, 16 mm thick and1 squared meter in dimension is the imaging device. The IBIS telescope will serve the scientific community at large providing a unique combination of unprecedented high energy wide field imaging capability coupled with broad band spectroscopy and high resolution timing over the energy range from X to gamma rays. To date the IBIS telescope is working nominally in orbit since more than 9 month.
1,138 citations
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TL;DR: The findings provide empirical evidence that any loss in microbial diversity will likely reduce multifunctionality, negatively impacting the provision of services such as climate regulation, soil fertility and food and fibre production by terrestrial ecosystems.
Abstract: Despite the importance of microbial communities for ecosystem services and human welfare, the relationship between microbial diversity and multiple ecosystem functions and services (that is, multifunctionality) at the global scale has yet to be evaluated. Here we use two independent, large-scale databases with contrasting geographic coverage (from 78 global drylands and from 179 locations across Scotland, respectively), and report that soil microbial diversity positively relates to multifunctionality in terrestrial ecosystems. The direct positive effects of microbial diversity were maintained even when accounting simultaneously for multiple multifunctionality drivers (climate, soil abiotic factors and spatial predictors). Our findings provide empirical evidence that any loss in microbial diversity will likely reduce multifunctionality, negatively impacting the provision of services such as climate regulation, soil fertility and food and fibre production by terrestrial ecosystems.
1,119 citations
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University of Florida1, University of Bonn2, Goddard Institute for Space Studies3, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation4, Institut national de la recherche agronomique5, Agro ParisTech6, Michigan State University7, Blaise Pascal University8, International Water Management Institute9, University of Leeds10, CGIAR11, Counterintelligence Field Activity12, University of Tübingen13, University of Alberta14, International Atomic Energy Agency15, University of Reading16, University of Guelph17, University of Hohenheim18, Joint Global Change Research Institute19, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research20, Indian Agricultural Research Institute21, Aarhus University22, Rothamsted Research23, Washington State University24, Wageningen University and Research Centre25, Chinese Academy of Sciences26, International Trademark Association27, Texas A&M University28
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the largest standardized model intercomparison for climate change impacts so far, finding that individual crop models are able to simulate measured wheat grain yields accurately under a range of environments, particularly if the input information is sufficient.
Abstract: Projections of climate change impacts on crop yields are inherently uncertain(1). Uncertainty is often quantified when projecting future greenhouse gas emissions and their influence on climate(2). However, multi-model uncertainty analysis of crop responses to climate change is rare because systematic and objective comparisons among process-based crop simulation models(1,3) are difficult(4). Here we present the largest standardized model intercomparison for climate change impacts so far. We found that individual crop models are able to simulate measured wheat grain yields accurately under a range of environments, particularly if the input information is sufficient. However, simulated climate change impacts vary across models owing to differences in model structures and parameter values. A greater proportion of the uncertainty in climate change impact projections was due to variations among crop models than to variations among downscaled general circulation models. Uncertainties in simulated impacts increased with CO2 concentrations and associated warming. These impact uncertainties can be reduced by improving temperature and CO2 relationships in models and better quantified through use of multi-model ensembles. Less uncertainty in describing how climate change may affect agricultural productivity will aid adaptation strategy development and policymaking.
1,049 citations
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Pasteur Institute1, New York State Department of Health2, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp3, Innsbruck Medical University4, University of Zaragoza5, All India Institute of Medical Sciences6, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul7, International Trademark Association8, University of Malaya9, University of Düsseldorf10, University of Regensburg11, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón12, Laboratory of Molecular Biology13, Stellenbosch University14, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre15, Public Health Research Institute16, Padjadjaran University17, University of Łódź18, Semmelweis University19
TL;DR: The results suggests the existence of fine geographical genetic clines within MTC populations, that could mirror the passed and present Homo sapiens sapiens demographical and mycobacterial co-evolutionary history whose structure could be further reconstructed and modelled, thereby providing a large-scale conceptual framework of the global TB Epidemiologic Network.
Abstract: Background
The Direct Repeat locus of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) is a member of the CRISPR (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) sequences family. Spoligotyping is the widely used PCR-based reverse-hybridization blotting technique that assays the genetic diversity of this locus and is useful both for clinical laboratory, molecular epidemiology, evolutionary and population genetics. It is easy, robust, cheap, and produces highly diverse portable numerical results, as the result of the combination of (1) Unique Events Polymorphism (UEP) (2) Insertion-Sequence-mediated genetic recombination. Genetic convergence, although rare, was also previously demonstrated. Three previous international spoligotype databases had partly revealed the global and local geographical structures of MTC bacilli populations, however, there was a need for the release of a new, more representative and extended, international spoligotyping database.
1,042 citations
Authors
Showing all 5638 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Ricardo Uauy | 93 | 497 | 58665 |
Esteban Domingo | 90 | 405 | 27897 |
A. J. Castro-Tirado | 72 | 728 | 24272 |
Ricard V. Solé | 72 | 433 | 20737 |
M. R. Zapatero Osorio | 71 | 297 | 15684 |
Ernest Giralt | 69 | 554 | 17558 |
Marcelo Bahia Labruna | 68 | 680 | 20115 |
Enrique Solano | 67 | 414 | 17378 |
Norman Salem | 66 | 186 | 16156 |
Javier R. Goicoechea | 65 | 305 | 12256 |
Victor O. Sadras | 65 | 281 | 12602 |
Javier Gorosabel | 64 | 257 | 16318 |
David Andreu | 63 | 512 | 15568 |
Francisco Najarro | 62 | 279 | 11434 |
Bruno Merín | 59 | 197 | 12957 |