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TL;DR: The ability of scanning X-ray microscopy using synchrotron radiation to localize and characterize the phylogenetic affiliation of individual prokaryotic cells on various mineral surfaces when combined with a newly developed protocol based on fluorescence in situ hybridization coupled to ultra-small immunogold is demonstrated.
10 citations
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31 Dec 2008TL;DR: In this paper, a high-power narrow-linewidth fiber laser system with multiple resonant cavities and an amplifier stage is presented, where a single-mode output fiber is arranged at the end of the active gain fiber.
Abstract: A high-power narrow-linewidth fiber laser system includes a seed oscillator with multiple resonant cavities and an amplifier stage. The seed oscillator includes a gain fiber, a pump source to introduce pump light into the gain fiber, a single-mode output fiber arranged at the end of the active gain fiber, a first resonant cavity including the active gain fiber, and a second resonant cavity including the active gain fiber. The first and second resonant cavities cooperate to minimize the synchronization of longitudinal modes and thereby reduce modal beating. The amplifier preferably includes an active multimode gain fiber capable of supporting a single fundamental mode at the signal wavelength, wherein the single mode output fiber of the seed oscillator and the multimode gain fiber of the amplifier are mode-matched and coupled without a mode converter.
10 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors define a functional λ (an "irregularity index") that is close to the (maximal) Lyapunov exponent for dynamical systems and well defined for series with a random component: this allows one to work with sunspot numbers.
Abstract: Sunspot numbers WN display quasi-periodical variations that undergo regime changes. These irregularities could indicate a chaotic system and be measured by Lyapunov exponents. We define a functional λ (an "irregularity index") that is close to the (maximal) Lyapunov exponent for dynamical systems and well defined for series with a random component: this allows one to work with sunspot numbers. We compute λ for the daily WN from 1850 to 2012 within 4 yr sliding windows: λ exhibit sharp maxima at solar minima and secondary maxima at solar maxima. This pattern is reflected in the ratio R of the amplitudes of the main versus secondary peaks. Two regimes have alternated in the past 150 yr, R1 from 1850 to 1915 (large λ and R values) and R2 from 1935 to 2005 (shrinking difference between main and secondary maxima, R values between 1 and 2). We build an autoregressive model consisting of Poisson noise plus an 11 yr cycle and compute its irregularity index. The transition from R1 to R2 can be reproduced by strengthening the autocorrelation a of the model series. The features of the two regimes are stable for model and WN with respect to embedding dimension and delay. Near the time of the last solar minimum (~2008), the irregularity index exhibits a peak similar to the peaks observed before 1915. This might signal a regime change back from R2 to R1 and the onset of a significant decrease of solar activity.
10 citations
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28 Oct 2008TL;DR: In this paper, a frequency acquisition loop locks a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) clock of a multi-band VCO to a reference clock, and a data lock phase loop generates a driving signal corresponding to a phase error signal from interleaved partial response signal (PRS) samples based on the second feedback clock.
Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention is a technique for timing recovery. A frequency acquisition loop locks a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) clock of a multi-band VCO to a reference clock. The frequency acquisition loop generates first and second feedback clocks from the VCO clock. A data lock phase loop generates a driving signal corresponding to a phase error signal from interleaved partial response signal (PRS) samples based on the second feedback clock. The driving signal controls the multi-band VCO in a data phase lock mode. A lock detect controller detects a frequency lock condition in a frequency lock mode and a data lock condition in the data phase lock mode based on the first feedback clock and the reference clock.
10 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a pulsed fiber laser with computer controlled pulse duration and multi-kilowatt output peak power in a diffraction-limited beam was developed, where the output pulse duration can be arbitrary selected in the range from 4ns to over 200ns with 1ns resolution.
Abstract: We have developed pulsed fiber laser with computer controlled pulse duration and multi-kilowatt output peak power in a diffraction-limited beam. The diode laser as a master oscillator and Yb-based fiber amplifiers were used in a MOPFA configuration. The output pulse duration can be arbitrary selected in the range from 4ns to over 200ns with 1ns resolution. Pulse duration does not depend on the repetition rate and remains the same for all operational frequencies in the range from 10kHz to over 140kHz. The short length of the large mode area Yb-doped fiber was used to amplify the generated pulses to over 40kW peak power and several watt of the average power. The output pulse-to-pulse energy instability was less than 1% for all operational frequencies. Due to the single mode design of the delivery fiber, the measured output beam quality M2 was found to be smaller than 1.05. The developed laser presents a solid-state design to be used in the industrial environment for applications where primary requirements are the beam quality, high repetition rate, small pulse-to-pulse energy instability and reliable laser operation on the real factory floor.
10 citations
Authors
Showing all 903 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Claude J. Allègre | 106 | 327 | 35092 |
Paul Tapponnier | 99 | 294 | 42855 |
Francesco Mauri | 85 | 352 | 69332 |
Barbara Romanowicz | 67 | 284 | 14950 |
Geoffrey C. P. King | 64 | 157 | 17177 |
Yi-Gang Xu | 64 | 271 | 14292 |
Jérôme Gaillardet | 63 | 199 | 14878 |
François Guyot | 61 | 292 | 12444 |
Georges Calas | 60 | 266 | 10901 |
Ari P. Seitsonen | 59 | 212 | 45684 |
Michele Lazzeri | 58 | 140 | 57079 |
Bernard Bourdon | 58 | 118 | 9962 |
Gianreto Manatschal | 56 | 200 | 10063 |
Nikolai M. Shapiro | 56 | 154 | 15508 |
Guillaume Morin | 55 | 156 | 7218 |