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TL;DR: In this paper, a 14 month monitoring period was carried out at both volcanoes using synthetic aperture RADAR interferometry (InSAR) techniques on RADARSAT-2 data.
Abstract: Piton de la Fournaise (La Reunion) and Karthala (Grande Comore) are the two active volcanoes of the Southwestern Indian Ocean. A 14 month (April 2013 to June 2014) monitoring period was carried out at both volcanoes using synthetic aperture RADAR interferometry (InSAR) techniques on RADARSAT-2 data. Thanks to the SEAS-OI (Survey of Environment Assisted by Satellite in the Indian Ocean) station, 21 SAR scenes were acquired over this period and InSAR results revealed the slow subsidence of the Dolomieu caldera floor at Piton de la Fournaise, following the 2009 and 2010 eruptions, and the subsidence of the whole cone between April and July 2013. At Karthala no evidence of any volcanic activity was found for the period April 2013 to June 2014. The use of systematic InSAR for volcano monitoring is an efficient tool to study effusive eruptions. We showed that, during periods of unrest, InSAR is able to pick up early signs of a future eruption and monitor secondary phenomena that require no real-time data. During an effusive crisis, it is still difficult to carry out fully operational InSAR monitoring, but using the example of the June 2014 eruption at Piton de la Fournaise, we show that SAR data can help with the detection and tracking of lava flows and active flow paths during effusive eruptions, based on SAR coherence and SAR amplitude. These preliminary results are very promising for the future of InSAR monitoring of active volcanoes and highlight the need for near-real-time access to SAR data in the mapping of active lava flows during effusive eruptions. This study also revealed the major role of ground stations like SEAS-OI in the efficiency of this monitoring, supplying free, near-real-time remote sensing data to the scientific and institutional communities.
7 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the first moments of the pore space phase function are measured on thin sections of Fontainebleau sandstones and used to reconstruct artificial media with the same average geometreical properties.
7 citations
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16 Sep 2014TL;DR: In this article, a short-pulse mode-locked laser is configured with at least two reflective elements defining a resonant cavity there between, a laser gain element ("GE") placed inside the cavity at normal incidence and selected from transition metal doped II-VI materials; and an optical pump emitting pulsed output to synchronously or quasi-synchronous pump the GE at a pulse repetition rate frequency f pUmp, the pump being configured so that the f pump substantially matches an inversed round trip time in the resonant cavities f laSer -f pump ~
Abstract: A short-pulse mode-locked laser is configured with at least two reflective elements defining a resonant cavity therebetween, a laser gain element ("GE") placed inside the resonant cavity at normal incidence and selected from transition metal doped II- VI materials; and an optical pump emitting pulsed output to synchronously or quasi- synchronously pump the GE at a pulse repetition rate frequency f pUmp , the pump being configured so that the f pump substantially matches an inversed round trip time in the resonant cavity f laSer - f pump ~f laSer = c / 2L , where c is the speed of light, L is the length of the resonant cavity. The synchronous or quasi-synchronous pumping triggers and sustains a short-pulse emission of the laser with picosecond or femtosecond pulse durations.
7 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report helium isotope data for 0.03-1 1/1/Ma olivine-bearing basaltic hawaiites from three volcanoes of the southern Italy magmatic province (Ustica, Pantelleria, and Linosa Islands).
Abstract: We report helium isotope data for 0.03–1 Ma olivine-bearing basaltic hawaiites from three volcanoes of the southern Italy magmatic province (Ustica, Pantelleria, and Linosa Islands). Homogenous 3He/4He ratios (range: 7.3–7.6 Ra) for the three islands, and their similarity with the ratio of modern volcanic gases on Pantelleria, indicate a common magmatic end-member. In particular, Ustica (7.6±0.2 Ra) clearly differs from the nearby Aeolian Islands Arc volcanism, despite its location on the Tyrrhenian side of the plate boundary. Although limited in size, our data set complements the large existing database for helium isotope in southern Italy and adds further constraints upon the spatial extent of intraplate alkaline volcanism in southern Mediterranea. As already discussed by others, the He-Pb isotopic signature of this magmatic province indicates a derivation from a mantle diapir of a OIB-type that is partially diluted by the depleted upper mantle (MORB mantle) at its periphery.
7 citations
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Marshall Space Flight Center1, University of Notre Dame2, Southwest Research Institute3, University of Maryland, College Park4, California Institute of Technology5, Jet Propulsion Laboratory6, University of California, Los Angeles7, Goddard Space Flight Center8, University of California, Santa Cruz9, Honeybee Robotics10, IPG Photonics11, Texas Tech University12, University of Texas at Austin13, United States Geological Survey14, Smithsonian Institution15, University of Arizona16, Johnson State College17, American President Lines18, Geoscience Australia19, University of Illinois at Chicago20, University of Central Florida21, Case Western Reserve University22, University of Texas at El Paso23, Michigan State University24, MVJ College of Engineering25, ETH Zurich26, Louisiana State University27, Linux Professional Institute28, University of Alabama in Huntsville29, Columbia University30, Stanford University31, Johns Hopkins University32, University of Aizu33, Massachusetts Institute of Technology34
7 citations
Authors
Showing all 903 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Claude J. Allègre | 106 | 327 | 35092 |
Paul Tapponnier | 99 | 294 | 42855 |
Francesco Mauri | 85 | 352 | 69332 |
Barbara Romanowicz | 67 | 284 | 14950 |
Geoffrey C. P. King | 64 | 157 | 17177 |
Yi-Gang Xu | 64 | 271 | 14292 |
Jérôme Gaillardet | 63 | 199 | 14878 |
François Guyot | 61 | 292 | 12444 |
Georges Calas | 60 | 266 | 10901 |
Ari P. Seitsonen | 59 | 212 | 45684 |
Michele Lazzeri | 58 | 140 | 57079 |
Bernard Bourdon | 58 | 118 | 9962 |
Gianreto Manatschal | 56 | 200 | 10063 |
Nikolai M. Shapiro | 56 | 154 | 15508 |
Guillaume Morin | 55 | 156 | 7218 |