IPG Photonics

About: IPG Photonics is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Laser & Fiber laser. The organization has 903 authors who have published 1241 publications receiving 63339 citations.

40G/100G optical transceivers with integrated framing and forward error correction

Abstract: The present disclosure provides integrated performance monitoring (PM); optical layer operations, administration, maintenance, and provisioning (OAMP and alarming in optical transceivers, such as multi-source agreement (MSA)-defined modules. The present disclosure includes an optical transceiver defined by an MSA agreement with integrated PM and alarming for carrier-grade operation. The integration preserves the existing MSA specifications allowing the optical transceiver to operate with any compliant MSA host device. Further, the host device can be configured through software to retrieve the PM and alarming from the optical transceiver. The optical transceiver can include CFP and variants thereof (e.g., future CFP2, CDFP, CXP), OIF-MSA-100GLH-EM-01.0, CCRx (Compact Coherent Receiver), Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable (QSFP) and variants thereof (e.g., future QSFP+, QSFP2), 10×10 MSA, XFP, XPAK, XENPAK, X2, XFP-E, SFP, SFP+, 300-pin, and the like.

EXAFS evidence of sorbed arsenic(V) and pharmacosiderite in a soil overlying the Echassières geochemical anomaly, Allier, France

Abstract: At Echassieres (Allier, France), arsenic speciation was determined in a soil developed over a micaschist where Hercynian hydrothermal mineralization, including arsenopyrite FeAsS and lollingite FeAs2, has lead to a regional As anomaly. The overlying soils which have developed from long term weathering exhibit As levels as high as 900 ppm in the richest area, where the saprolite contains up to 5200 ppm As. Analysis by powder XRD, [nu]-X-ray diffraction on the 20[nu]m scale, SEM-EDS and electron micro-probe analyses revealed that As, released from arsenopyrite and/or lollingite alteration, is concentrated in a secondary iron arsenate, pharmacosiderite, (Bax,K2-2x) (Fe,Al)4 (AsO4)3 (OH)5 · 6H2O. Quantitative mineralogical analysis by Rietveld refinement indicates that the proportion of As hosted by this mineral decreases systematically from the saprolite to the topsoil (from 70 % to 30 % of the total bulk As content, respectively). EXAFS spectroscopy indicates that the main form of the As occurring with pharmacosiderite, consists of As(V) ions sorbed on iron oxides. Sorption processes, which dominate As speciation in the topsoil horizons, appear as a key mechanism able to delay As dissemination from soils to plant and surface waters, provided that pH and Eh conditions remain sufficiently acidic and oxidizing, respectively.