Islamic Azad University

About: Islamic Azad University is a education organization based out in Tehran, Iran. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Adsorption. The organization has 83635 authors who have published 113437 publications receiving 1275049 citations. The organization is also known as: Azad University.

Variational approach for wave dispersion in anisotropic doubly-curved nanoshells based on a new nonlocal strain gradient higher order shell theory

Abstract: In this paper, a variational approach for the wave dispersion in anisotropic doubly-curved nanoshells is presented. To study the doubly-curved nanoshell as a continuum model, a new size-dependent higher-order shear deformation theory is introduced. In order to capture the small scale effects, nonlocal strain gradient elasticity theory has been implemented. The present model incorporates two scale coefficients to examine the wave characteristics much accurately. Based on Hamilton’s principle, the governing equations of the doubly-curved nanoshells are obtained. These equations are solved via analytical approach. From the best knowledge of authors, it is the first time that present formulation is used to investigate the wave dispersion in anisotropic doubly-curved nanoshells. Also, it is the first time that small scale effects are considered in doubly-curved nanoshells made of anisotropic materials. Unlike the classical (scaling-free) model, the presented nonlocal strain gradient higher-order model shows a good calibration with the experimental frequencies and phase velocities. It is demonstrated that the material properties, nonlocal-strain gradient parameters and wave number have remarkable influences on wave frequencies and phase velocities. Presented results for wave dispersion can serve as benchmarks for future analysis of doubly-curved nanoshells.

Numerical study on mixed convection of a non-Newtonian nanofluid with porous media in a two lid-driven square cavity

Abstract: In the present numerical study, mixed flow of the non-Newtonian water/Al2O3 nanofluid with 0–4% nanoparticles volume fractions (φ) inside a two-dimensional square cavity with hot and cold lid-driven motion and porous media is simulated at Richardson numbers (Ri) of 0.01, 10 and 100 and Darcy numbers (Da) of 10−4 ≤ Da ≤ 10−2 using Fortran computer code. The obtained results for temperature domain, velocity, Nusselt number and streamlines indicate that by increasing Richardson number and decreasing axial velocity parameter of walls and similarity of flow behavior to natural flow mechanism, variations of velocity are reduced, which is due to the reduction in fluid momentum. By increasing Darcy number, penetrability of fluid motion enhances and fluid lightly moves along the cavity. Figuration of streamlines at lower Richardson numbers highly depends on the Darcy number changes. In case (2), due to the counterflow motion and buoyancy force, distinction of flow domain profiles is more obvious. On the other hand, this issue causes more velocity gradients and vortexes in special sections of cavity (central regions of cavity). In case (2), the behavior of streamlines is affected by some parameters such as variations of Darcy number, nanoparticles volume fraction and Richardson number more than case (1). By increasing Darcy number, flow lightly passes among hot and cold sources and leads to improve the heat transfer. Moreover, reduction in flow penetrability in cavity results in the reduction in fluid flow in its direction, sectional distribution and regions with higher temperature. Consequently, in these regions the growth of thermal boundary layer is more significant. In case (2), at lower Richardson numbers compared to higher ones, the affectability of lid-driven motion contrary to buoyancy force caused by density variations is less because of higher fluid momentum. At Ri = 0.01, because of the strength of lid-driven motion, flow direction is compatible with lid-driven motion. Also, temperature distribution is not uniform, and in these regions, fluid has the minimum velocity which leads to the enhancement of dimensionless temperature. In both studied cases, the increment of nanoparticles volume fraction as well as Darcy number and reduction in Richardson number result in the improvement of temperature distribution and decrease in dimensionless temperature.