Islamic Azad University

About: Islamic Azad University is a education organization based out in Tehran, Iran. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Catalysis. The organization has 83635 authors who have published 113437 publications receiving 1275049 citations. The organization is also known as: Azad University.

Green Synthesis and Antibacterial Effect of Silver Nanoparticles Using Vitex Negundo L.

Abstract: Different biological methods are gaining recognition for the production of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) due to their multiple applications. One of the most important applications of Ag-NPs is their use as an anti-bacterial agent. The use of plants in the synthesis of nanoparticles emerges as a cost effective and eco-friendly approach. In this study the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Vitex negundo L. extract and its antimicrobial properties has been reported. The resulting silver particles are characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopic techniques. The TEM study showed the formation of silver nanoparticles in the 10-30 nm range and average 18.2 nm in size. The XRD study showed that the particles are crystalline in nature, with a face centered cubic (fcc) structure. The silver nanoparticles showed the antimicrobial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Vitex negundo L. was found to display strong potential for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial agents by rapid reduction of silver ions (Ag+ to Ag0).

Measurements of properties of the Higgs boson decaying into the four-lepton final state in pp collisions at √s=13 TeV

Abstract: Properties of the Higgs boson are measured in the H → ZZ → 4l (l = e, μ) decay channel. A data sample of proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}=13 $ TeV, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{−1}$ is used. The signal strength modifier μ, defined as the ratio of the observed Higgs boson rate in the H → ZZ → 4l decay channel to the standard model expectation, is measured to be μ = 1.05$_{− 0.17}^{+ 0.19}$ at m$_{H}$ = 125.09 GeV, the combined ATLAS and CMS measurement of the Higgs boson mass. The signal strength modifiers for the individual Higgs boson production modes are also measured. The cross section in the fiducial phase space defined by the requirements on lepton kinematics and event topology is measured to be 2. 92$_{− 0.44}^{+ 0.48}$ (stat)$_{− 0.24}^{+ 0.28}$ (syst)fb, which is compatible with the standard model prediction of 2.76 ± 0.14 fb. Differential cross sections are reported as a function of the transverse momentum of the Higgs boson, the number of associated jets, and the transverse momentum of the leading associated jet. The Higgs boson mass is measured to be m$_{H}$ = 125.26 ± 0.21 GeV and the width is constrained using the on-shell invariant mass distribution to be Γ$_{H}$ < 1.10 GeV, at 95% confidence level.

Nanocellulose in Sensing and Biosensing

Abstract: Because of its multifunctional character, nanocellulose (NC) is one of the most interesting nature-based nanomaterials and is attracting attention in a myriad of fields such as biomaterials, engineering, biomedicine, opto/electronic devices, nanocomposites, textiles, cosmetics and food products. Moreover, NC offers a plethora of outstanding properties, including inherent renewability, biodegradability, commercial availability, flexibility, printability, low density, high porosity, optical transparency as well as extraordinary mechanical, thermal and physicochemical properties. Consequently, NC holds unprecedented capabilities that are appealing to the scientific, technologic and industrial community. In this review, we highlight how NC is being tailored and applied in (bio)sensing technology, whose results aim at displaying analytical information related to various fields such as clinical/medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, food safety, physical/mechanical sensing, labeling and bioimaging appli...

Toxicity of various silver nanoparticles compared to silver ions in Daphnia magna

Abstract: Background To better understand the potential ecotoxicological impacts of silver nanoparticles released into freshwater environments, the Daphnia magna 48-hour immobilization test was used.

Fourth generation biofuel: a review on risks and mitigation strategies

Abstract: Fourth generation biofuel (FGB) uses genetically modified (GM) algae to enhance biofuel production. Although GM algae biofuel is a well-known alternative to fossil fuels, the potential environmental and health-related risks are still of great concern. An evaluation of these concerns and accordingly devising appropriate mitigation strategies to deal with them are important to a successful commercialized production of FGB. While extensive research has been carried out on genetic modification and other technologies that aim to increase the productivity of algae strains, only a handful of them deal with the legislative limitations imposed on exploiting and processing GM algae. This paper examines this legislation and the mitigation strategies to meet potential risks associated with the exploitation and processing of FGB. Open-pond system is an economic solution for large-scale cultivation of microalgae; however, the concern regarding the health and environmental risk of cultivating GM algae and the associated stringent regulations is considered as the main barrier of FGB production. Disposal of the residue is another important issue that should be considered in FGB production. The byproducts obtained from energy extraction step and residual water from the harvesting process may contain plasmid or chromosomal DNA that may cause the risk of lateral gene transfer. Hence an appropriate mitigation practices should be used for replacement of the hazardous water residue and by-products with more environmentally friendly alternatives. The results obtained from several field testing projects for open-environment exploitation of GM algae show that under the various conditions used, there was no apparent proof to support possible horizontal gene transfer in release of GM algae.