Showing papers by "Istanbul Technical University published in 2021"
TL;DR: The analysis shows that the performance of DL models for single modality (CT / MR) can show reliable volumetric analysis performance, but the best MSSD performance remains limited, and multi-tasking DL models designed to segment all organs are observed to perform worse compared to organ-specific ones.
338 citations
University of Manchester1, City University of New York2, Istanbul Technical University3, New York University4, Heidelberg University5, Niels Bohr Institute6, University of Edinburgh7, University of Bologna8, Academy of Athens9, Sapienza University of Rome10, University of Naples Federico II11, Stanford University12, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris13, University of Portsmouth14, Cardiff University15, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo16, University of Michigan17, Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics18, University of New Mexico19, University of Barcelona20, University of St. Thomas (Minnesota)21, Princeton University22, National Autonomous University of Mexico23, California Institute of Technology24, INAF25, University of Chicago26, Michigan Technological University27, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory28, University of Cambridge29, Imperial College London30, Ruhr University Bochum31, University of Oxford32, University of Waterloo33, Johns Hopkins University34, University of Pennsylvania35, University of California, Davis36, Birla Institute of Technology and Science37, RWTH Aachen University38, Université libre de Bruxelles39, University of Padua40, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur41, Spanish National Research Council42, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill43, University of Arizona44, University of Oslo45, Jamia Millia Islamia46, University of Southern Denmark47, National Institute for Space Research48, Fermilab49, Presidency University, Kolkata50, Université Paris-Saclay51, University of Montpellier52, University of Szczecin53, Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute54, University of California, Los Angeles55, University of Paris56, Leiden University57, Swarthmore College58, University of Sheffield59, University of Amsterdam60, United College, Winnipeg61, Liaoning Normal University62
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the 4.4σ tension between the Planck estimate of the Hubble constant H0 and the SH0ES collaboration measurements and discuss how the next decade's experiments will be crucial.
322 citations
TL;DR: The transition in travel activity pattern and transport mobility in Istanbul appears to be quite extreme, particularly for commuting and SRL trips, according to the longitudinal panel study conducted in three phases during the early stages of the epidemic and pandemic.
191 citations
University of Manchester1, City University of New York2, Istanbul Technical University3, New York University4, Heidelberg University5, Niels Bohr Institute6, University of Edinburgh7, University of Bologna8, Academy of Athens9, Sapienza University of Rome10, University of Naples Federico II11, Stanford University12, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris13, University of Portsmouth14, Cardiff University15, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo16, University of Michigan17, Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics18, University of New Mexico19, University of Barcelona20, Centre national de la recherche scientifique21, Princeton University22, National Autonomous University of Mexico23, Jet Propulsion Laboratory24, INAF25, University of Chicago26, Michigan Technological University27, University of Cambridge28, Imperial College London29, Ruhr University Bochum30, University of Waterloo31, Johns Hopkins University32, University of Pennsylvania33, University of California, Davis34, Birla Institute of Technology and Science35, RWTH Aachen University36, Université libre de Bruxelles37, University of Padua38, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur39, Spanish National Research Council40, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill41, University of Arizona42, University of Oslo43, Jamia Millia Islamia44, National Institute for Space Research45, Fermilab46, Presidency University, Kolkata47, Université Paris-Saclay48, University of Montpellier49, University of Szczecin50, Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute51, University of California, Los Angeles52, Leiden University53, University of Southern Denmark54, Swarthmore College55, University of Sheffield56, University of Amsterdam57, United College, Winnipeg58, Liaoning Normal University59
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the tension between Planck data and weak lensing measurements and redshift surveys, and discuss the importance of trying to fit multiple cosmological datasets with complete physical models, rather than fitting individual datasets with a few handpicked theoretical parameters.
181 citations
TL;DR: Through extensive simulations, it is demonstrated that the RIS-assisted systems provide promising solutions for indoor/outdoor scenarios at various operating frequencies and exhibit significant results in error performance and achievable data rates even in the presence of system imperfections such as limited range phase adjustment and imperfect channel phase estimation at RISs.
Abstract: Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-empowered communication is one of the promising 6G technologies that allows the conversion of the wireless channel into an intelligent transmit entity by manipulating the impinging waves using man-made surfaces. In this paper, the potential benefits of using RISs are investigated for indoor/outdoor setups and various frequency bands (from sub 6 GHz to millimeter-waves). First, a general system model with a single RIS is considered and the effect of the total number of reflecting elements on the probabilistic distribution of the received signal-to-noise ratio and error performance is investigated under Rician fading. Also for this case, the path loss exponent is analyzed by considering empirical path loss models. Furthermore, transmission models with multiple RISs are developed and analyzed for indoor and outdoor non line-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios. The conventional RIS selection strategies are also integrated for systems equipped with multiple RISs for the first time. Through extensive simulations, it is demonstrated that the RIS-assisted systems provide promising solutions for indoor/outdoor scenarios at various operating frequencies and exhibit significant results in error performance and achievable data rates even in the presence of system imperfections such as limited range phase adjustment and imperfect channel phase estimation at RISs.
172 citations
TL;DR: It is found that embedding explicit prior knowledge in neural network segmentation tasks is most beneficial when the segmentation task is especially challenging and that it can be used in either a semi-supervised or post-processing context to extract a useful training gradient from images without pixelwise labels.
Abstract: We introduce a method for training neural networks to perform image or volume segmentation in which prior knowledge about the topology of the segmented object can be explicitly provided and then incorporated into the training process. By using the differentiable properties of persistent homology, a concept used in topological data analysis, we can specify the desired topology of segmented objects in terms of their Betti numbers and then drive the proposed segmentations to contain the specified topological features. Importantly this process does not require any ground-truth labels, just prior knowledge of the topology of the structure being segmented. We demonstrate our approach in four experiments: one on MNIST image denoising and digit recognition, one on left ventricular myocardium segmentation from magnetic resonance imaging data from the UK Biobank, one on the ACDC public challenge dataset and one on placenta segmentation from 3-D ultrasound. We find that embedding explicit prior knowledge in neural network segmentation tasks is most beneficial when the segmentation task is especially challenging and that it can be used in either a semi-supervised or post-processing context to extract a useful training gradient from images without pixelwise labels.
126 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of the reconstruction and identification algorithms for electrons and photons with the CMS experiment at the LHC is presented, based on proton-proton collision data collected at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and recorded in 2016-2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 136 fb$^{-1}$.
Abstract: The performance is presented of the reconstruction and identification algorithms for electrons and photons with the CMS experiment at the LHC. The reported results are based on proton-proton collision data collected at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and recorded in 2016-2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 136 fb$^{-1}$. Results obtained from lead-lead collision data collected at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}=$ 5.02 TeV are also presented. Innovative techniques are used to reconstruct the electron and photon signals in the detector and to optimize the energy resolution. Events with electrons and photons in the final state are used to measure the energy resolution and energy scale uncertainty in the recorded events. The measured energy resolution for electrons produced in Z boson decays in proton-proton collision data ranges from 2 to 5%, depending on electron pseudorapidity and energy loss through bremsstrahlung in the detector material. The energy scale in the same range of energies is measured with an uncertainty smaller than 0.1 (0.3)% in the barrel (endcap) region in proton-proton collisions and better than 1 (3)% in the barrel (endcap) region in heavy ion collisions. The timing resolution for electrons from Z boson decays with the full 2016-2018 proton-proton collision data set is measured to be 200 ps.
123 citations
TL;DR: This study addresses the prioritization of risks involved with self-driving vehicles by proposing new hybrid MCDM methods based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the Technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) and Vlse Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) under Pythagorean fuzzy environment.
116 citations
Albert M. Sirunyan1, Robin Erbacher2, C. A. Carrillo Montoya, Wagner Carvalho3 +2448 more•Institutions (210)
TL;DR: In this paper, evidence for Higgs boson decay to a pair of muons was presented, which was performed using proton-proton collision data at 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb$−1}, recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC.
Abstract: Evidence for Higgs boson decay to a pair of muons is presented. This result combines searches in four exclusive categories targeting the production of the Higgs boson via gluon fusion, via vector boson fusion, in association with a vector boson, and in association with a top quark-antiquark pair. The analysis is performed using proton-proton collision data at $ \sqrt{s} $ = 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb$^{−1}$, recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC. An excess of events over the back- ground expectation is observed in data with a significance of 3.0 standard deviations, where the expectation for the standard model (SM) Higgs boson with mass of 125.38 GeV is 2.5. The combination of this result with that from data recorded at $ \sqrt{s} $ = 7 and 8 TeV, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 5.1 and 19.7 fb$^{−1}$, respectively, increases both the expected and observed significances by 1%. The measured signal strength, relative to the SM prediction, is $ {1.19}_{-0.39}^{+0.40}{\left(\mathrm{stat}\right)}_{-0.14}^{+0.15}\left(\mathrm{syst}\right) $. This result constitutes the first evidence for the decay of the Higgs boson to second generation fermions and is the most precise measurement of the Higgs boson coupling to muons reported to date.[graphic not available: see fulltext]
83 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a super macro base station (HAPS-SMBS) is proposed to provide connectivity in a plethora of applications, such as disaster recovery, high capacity, low latency, and computing requirements for highly populated metropolitan areas.
Abstract: High altitude platform station (HAPS) systems have recently attracted renewed attention. While terrestrial and satellite technologies are well established for providing connectivity services, they face certain shortcomings and challenges, which could be addressed by complementing them with HAPS systems. In this article, we envision a HAPS as a super macro base station, to which we refer as HAPS-SMBS, to provide connectivity in a plethora of applications. Unlike a conventional HAPS, which targets broad coverage for remote areas or disaster recovery, we envision next-generation HAPS-SMBS to have the necessary capabilities to address the high capacity, low latency, and computing requirements, especially for highly populated metropolitan areas. This article focuses mainly on the potential opportunities, target use cases, and challenges that we expect to be associated with the design and implementation of the HAPS-SMBS-based future wireless access architecture.
82 citations
TL;DR: Two hybrid transmission schemes combining a passive reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) with decode-and-forward relaying in a synergistic manner offer a flexible as well as cost-and power-efficient solution for coverage extension in future generation wireless networks.
Abstract: In this letter, we introduce two hybrid transmission schemes combining a passive reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) with decode-and-forward relaying in a synergistic manner. The proposed schemes offer a flexible as well as cost-and power-efficient solution for coverage extension in future generation wireless networks. We present closed-form expressions for the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio of both schemes and a sequential optimization algorithm for the power allocation and the RIS phase configurations. Our computer simulations and theoretical analysis demonstrate that the RIS and relaying technologies enhance the achievable rate and error performance remarkably when working complementary to each other, rather than being considered as competing technologies.
TL;DR: A mixed-integer linear programming (MILP)-based HEMS performs day-ahead load scheduling for cost-minimization and provides optimal demand response (DR) and photovoltaic (PV) self-consumption, and the fuzzy logic-based thermostat aims efficient DR of air-conditioning and maintenance of thermal comfort.
TL;DR: In this article, a search for leptoquarks produced singly and in pairs in proton-proton collisions is presented, where the lepton is considered to be a scalar particle of charge −1/3e coupling to a top quark plus a tau lepton ( t τ ) or a bottom quark including a neutrino ( b ν ), or a vector particle of a charge +2/3 e coupling to t ν or b τ.
Albert M. Sirunyan1, Armen Tumasyan1, Wolfgang Adam, J. W. Andrejkovic +2404 more•Institutions (215)
TL;DR: In this paper, a data set of proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at s = 13 TeV from 2016 to 2018 corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of up to 140 fb−1 is analyzed.
Abstract: A search is presented for physics beyond the standard model (SM) using electron or muon pairs with high invariant mass. A data set of proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at s = 13 TeV from 2016 to 2018 corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of up to 140 fb−1 is analyzed. No significant deviation is observed with respect to the SM background expectations. Upper limits are presented on the ratio of the product of the production cross section and the branching fraction to dileptons of a new narrow resonance to that of the Z boson. These provide the most stringent lower limits to date on the masses for various spin-1 particles, spin-2 gravitons in the Randall-Sundrum model, as well as spin-1 mediators between the SM and dark matter particles. Lower limits on the ultraviolet cutoff parameter are set both for four-fermion contact interactions and for the Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos, and Dvali model with large extra dimensions. Lepton flavor universality is tested at the TeV scale for the first time by comparing the dimuon and dielectron mass spectra. No significant deviation from the SM expectation of unity is observed.
University of Manchester1, City University of New York2, Istanbul Technical University3, New York University4, Heidelberg University5, University of Copenhagen6, University of Edinburgh7, University of Bologna8, Academy of Athens9, Sapienza University of Rome10, University of Naples Federico II11, Stanford University12, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris13, University of Portsmouth14, Cardiff University15, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo16, University of Michigan17, Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics18, University of New Mexico19, University of Barcelona20, Princeton University21, National Autonomous University of Mexico22, California Institute of Technology23, INAF24, University of Chicago25, Michigan Technological University26, University of Cambridge27, Imperial College London28, Ruhr University Bochum29, University of Waterloo30, Johns Hopkins University31, University of Pennsylvania32, University of California, Davis33, Birla Institute of Technology and Science34, RWTH Aachen University35, Université libre de Bruxelles36, University of Padua37, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur38, Spanish National Research Council39, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill40, University of Arizona41, University of Oslo42, Jamia Millia Islamia43, National Institute for Space Research44, Durban University of Technology45, Fermilab46, Presidency University, Kolkata47, Université Paris-Saclay48, University of Montpellier49, University of Szczecin50, Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute51, University of California, Los Angeles52, Centre national de la recherche scientifique53, Leiden University54, Swarthmore College55, University of Sheffield56, University of Amsterdam57, United College, Winnipeg58, Liaoning Normal University59
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a list of important goals that need to be addressed in the next decade, also taking into account the current discordances present between the different cosmological probes, as the Hubble constant H0 value, the σ8S8 tension, and the anomalies present in the Planck results.
Guangdong Ocean University1, Yıldız Technical University2, University of Verona3, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro4, Jinan University5, University of São Paulo6, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology7, Federal University of Amazonas8, Istanbul Technical University9, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus10, Gorgan University11, Purdue University12, University of Hong Kong13, University College Dublin14, Queen's University Belfast15, University of Vigo16
TL;DR: In this article, the authors highlight the current findings on the influence of co-ingestion of flavonoids with other macro- (carbohydrates, lipids and proteins) and micro-constituents (vitamins, minerals, and other micronutrients) in foods.
Abstract: Background:Dietary flavonoids have drawn great interest owing to their potential positive effects on health, which considerably rely on their bioaccessibility, transport and further metabolism in the body. One of the key parameters that influence the flavonoid bioavailability is the interaction of these compounds with other nutrients present in the human diet. Scope and Approach:This review highlights the current findings on the influence of co-ingestion of flavonoids with other macro- (carbohydrates, lipids and proteins) and micro-constituents (vitamins, minerals, and other micronutrients) in foods. Key Findings and Conclusions:Majority of both in vitro and in vivo studies in the literature suggest that proteins, dietary fiber, and minerals may induce disadvantageous impact on the bioavailability of flavonoids. On the other hand, lipids, digestible carbohydrates, vitamins, alkaloids, carotenoids and other flavonoids are likely to improve flavonoid bioavailability. Nevertheless, interaction of flavonoids with food matrix components is a complicated parameter that needs to be explored further in order to ensure utmost positive health effects to humans.
TL;DR: In this article, the impact behavior of composite sandwich panels with different types of auxetic (negative Poisson's ratio) and non-auxetic prismatic core structures is described.
Abstract: This work describes the low-velocity impact behavior of composite sandwich panels with different types of auxetic (negative Poisson’s ratio) and non-auxetic prismatic core structures Sandwich panels have been manufactured with carbon/fiber epoxy composite face sheets, polyurethane rigid foam core or 3D printed PLA plastic cellular honeycombs head (hexagonal, re-entrant, hexachiral and arrowhead) The material properties of the constituents have been determined via tensile and compression tests The cellular core topologies have the same wall thickness and number of cells (39x4, except for the hexachiral topology) A rigid striker with a hemispherical head tip is dropped on the specimens with a speed of 26 m/s Explicit finite element (FE) models are validated by the experimental results Parametric numerical analyses using the validated FE have been carried out with different impact energies of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 76 J to identify the best core designs The results show that non-auxetic cores could have advantages over the auxetic ones at small deformation (impact energy is equal to 10 J) thanks to the larger contact surface and higher thickness of the cellular structure The auxetic core, however, provides greater impact resistance and energy absorption capability as the impact energy increases due to the larger densification and lower indentation during collapse The arrowhead-based panels in particular possess 25%, 13% and 11% larger crash efficiency than the other samples for impacts with 50, 60 and 76 J The hexachiral lattice provides the best performance at 10, 20 and 30 J, and also possesses advantages over the other cellular configurations (except for the arrowhead core) in the case of 40, 50, 60 and 76 J impact loading As a result, the arrowhead and hexachiral configurations are those mostly recommended for applications involving impacts under large deformations
University of Manchester1, City University of New York2, Istanbul Technical University3, New York University4, Heidelberg University5, Niels Bohr Institute6, University of Edinburgh7, University of Bologna8, Academy of Athens9, Sapienza University of Rome10, University of Naples Federico II11, Stanford University12, Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University13, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare14, Cardiff University15, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo16, University of Michigan17, Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics18, University of New Mexico19, University of Barcelona20, National Autonomous University of Mexico21, Jet Propulsion Laboratory22, University of Chicago23, Michigan Technological University24, University of Cambridge25, Ruhr University Bochum26, Johns Hopkins University27, University of Pennsylvania28, University of California, Davis29, Birla Institute of Technology and Science30, RWTH Aachen University31, Université libre de Bruxelles32, University of Padua33, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur34, Spanish National Research Council35, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill36, University of Arizona37, University of Oslo38, Jamia Millia Islamia39, National Institute for Space Research40, Fermilab41, University of Paris42, University of Montpellier43, University of Szczecin44, Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute45, University of Southern California46, Centre national de la recherche scientifique47, Leiden University48, Swarthmore College49, University of Sheffield50, University of Amsterdam51, Chinese Academy of Sciences52, United College, Winnipeg53, Liaoning Normal University54
TL;DR: In particular, the Planck Cosmic Microwave Background power spectra, assuming the nominal likelihood, prefer a closed universe at more than 99% confidence level as mentioned in this paper. But this anomaly may be the result of an unresolved systematic error or just a statistical fluctuation.
University of Wisconsin-Madison1, University of Washington2, Stanford University3, Georgetown University Medical Center4, Istanbul Technical University5, Harvard University6, Albert Einstein College of Medicine7, Dartmouth College8, University of California, Davis9, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill10, University of California, San Francisco11, University of Vermont12
TL;DR: In this paper, the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on future breast cancer mortality between 2020 and 2030 has been investigated and three established Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network breast cancer models modeled reductions in mammography screening, delays in symptomatic cancer diagnosis, and reduced use of chemotherapy for women with early stage disease for the first 6 months of the pandemic with return to prepandemic patterns after that time.
Abstract: Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted breast cancer control through short-term declines in screening and delays in diagnosis and treatments. We projected the impact of COVID-19 on future breast cancer mortality between 2020 and 2030. Methods Three established Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network breast cancer models modeled reductions in mammography screening use, delays in symptomatic cancer diagnosis, and reduced use of chemotherapy for women with early-stage disease for the first 6 months of the pandemic with return to prepandemic patterns after that time. Sensitivity analyses were performed to determine the effect of key model parameters, including the duration of the pandemic impact. Results By 2030, the models project 950 (model range = 860-1297) cumulative excess breast cancer deaths related to reduced screening, 1314 (model range = 266-1325) associated with delayed diagnosis of symptomatic cases, and 151 (model range = 146-207) associated with reduced chemotherapy use in women with hormone positive, early-stage cancer. Jointly, 2487 (model range = 1713-2575) excess breast cancer deaths were estimated, representing a 0.52% (model range = 0.36%-0.56%) cumulative increase over breast cancer deaths expected by 2030 in the absence of the pandemic's disruptions. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the breast cancer mortality impact would be approximately double if the modeled pandemic effects on screening, symptomatic diagnosis, and chemotherapy extended for 12 months. Conclusions Initial pandemic-related disruptions in breast cancer care will have a small long-term cumulative impact on breast cancer mortality. Continued efforts to ensure prompt return to screening and minimize delays in evaluation of symptomatic women can largely mitigate the effects of the initial pandemic-associated disruptions.
TL;DR: In this paper, a preliminary study was conducted for the identification of key points to be addressed in flood risk management (FRM) processes, which are crucial to mitigate potential impacts of floods.
Abstract: As an initial exploration, preliminary studies which are conducted for the identification of key points to be addressed in flood risk management (FRM) processes are crucial to mitigate potential impacts of floods. Generating the flood risk maps with the participation of diverse stakeholders at each level of administration is essential to develop effective FRM strategies. Hence, the objectives of this study are twofold: i) to produce district-based vulnerability, hazard, and flood risk maps for Istanbul with a hybrid fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS model, ii) to generate these maps by considering the perceptions of different stakeholders separately, which is an initial attempt in the literature, ensuring the comparative analysis of stakeholder perceptions in FRM. Local and metropolitan municipalities, disaster management and coordination centres, water and sewerage administrations, and universities were considered as the leading stakeholders since they are chiefly responsible decision-making bodies in FRM practices in Istanbul. Pearson's correlation coefficient and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient tests were used to obtain a more accurate understanding of the agreement levels between stakeholders. The results revealed the need for the involvement of various stakeholders to generate flood risk maps since significantly different perspectives were observed; and the need for changing the generated flood risk maps. The findings of this study are critical because generated maps show distinct differences according to the mentality of the organizations and experts, which inevitably change the most flood-prone areas and possible mitigation investments.
Albert M. Sirunyan1, Armen Tumasyan1, Wolfgang Adam, J. W. Andrejkovic +2389 more•Institutions (210)
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured the absolute luminosity scale of individual bunch crossings using beam-separation scans (the van der Meer method), with a relative precision of 1.3 and 1.0% in 2015 and 2016, respectively.
Abstract: The measurement of the luminosity recorded by the CMS detector installed at LHC interaction point 5, using proton–proton collisions at s√=13TeV in 2015 and 2016, is reported. The absolute luminosity scale is measured for individual bunch crossings using beam-separation scans (the van der Meer method), with a relative precision of 1.3 and 1.0% in 2015 and 2016, respectively. The dominant sources of uncertainty are related to residual differences between the measured beam positions and the ones provided by the operational settings of the LHC magnets, the factorizability of the proton bunch spatial density functions in the coordinates transverse to the beam direction, and the modeling of the effect of electromagnetic interactions among protons in the colliding bunches. When applying the van der Meer calibration to the entire run periods, the integrated luminosities when CMS was fully operational are 2.27 and 36.3 fb−1 in 2015 and 2016, with a relative precision of 1.6 and 1.2%, respectively. These are among the most precise luminosity measurements at bunched-beam hadron colliders.
TL;DR: In this paper, a new hierarchical procedure that consists of thirteen flood vulnerability and hazard criteria is proposed for the generation of Istanbul's district-based flood risk map, and the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was adopted.
Abstract: Floods, among the most frequent and severe hazards in the world, threaten the sustainability of the built environment by causing immense damage to infrastructures, buildings, economies, social activities and beyond all, cause loss of lives. Istanbul is the most densely populated industrial, commercial and cultural center of Turkey. Besides, the population of Istanbul has increased over the last decade since the city attracts immigrants from all over Turkey, along with other countries. Therefore, it is vital to prioritize the districts of Istanbul by determining flood risk mitigation strategies since flood risk management is carried out at district level units in local municipalities in Istanbul. In this study, a new hierarchical procedure that consists of thirteen flood vulnerability and hazard criteria is proposed for the generation of Istanbul’s district-based flood risk map. To obtain the criteria weights the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was adopted. The sensitivity analysis conducted in this study reveals the stability and robustness of the proposed fuzzy AHP model. Among all the criteria, land use and the return period of a storm event were found as the most significant criteria for vulnerability and hazard clusters, respectively. Criteria weights calculated through the fuzzy AHP method were integrated with the data taken from various institutions with respect to each district to calculate risk scores of the districts. Consequently, district risk scores were used to generate a flood risk map of Istanbul. The findings show that high-risk districts are mainly at the center and highly populated areas of the city. Moreover, the accuracy of the proposed approach was validated through observations of the significant flood events experienced in the last two decades. Thus, the fuzzy AHP method can be considered as advantageous to make a quick and regional flood risk assessment. In addition, the proposed approach is useful to mitigate flood risk along with allocating a fair budget to the local municipalities for flood risk mitigation measures. The findings of this research could also provide useful procedures for professionals of the water resources and local authorities.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a comprehensive literature survey on the recent advancements in solar PV cooling technologies, the role of nanofluids on the performance of PV thermal systems, the available analyses of PV cooling techniques, the usage of Nanofluid as coolant and optical filter, and the effect of combined nano-fluid and nano-PCM on the overall performance of the photovoltaic systems.
TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive view of the treatment of textile wastewater and its reuse after proper treatment by membrane technologies at both pilot and full-scale applications is provided, where both physical and biological treatment methods are examined separately.
Abstract: Textile industries consume huge amount of water, which is more than that is consumed by most of the other industries. Wastewater generated from textile industries contains high concentrations of pollutants, thus, the wastewater needs to be treated before discharging. Besides, since large amount of wastewater is produced, reuse of treated wastewater should be considered in environmental aspects. Since textile wastewater contains mainly dyestuffs, it must be treated effectively using environmentally friendly technologies. Membrane processes are widely used in textile wastewater treatment, as they have distinct advantages over conventional wastewater treatment methods. Most of the research done so far has been conducted in lab-scale, but gradually both pilot and full-scale systems have been applied. This review provides a comprehensive view of the treatment of textile wastewater and its reuse after proper treatment by membrane technologies at both pilot- and full-scale applications. For this purpose, physical and biological treatment methods were examined separately. As a result of the examination, it was observed that according to the characteristics of textile wastewater and discharge standards, hybrid systems were generally used in the literature and very good results were obtained in terms of both filtration and treatment performance. Besides, cleaning methods and economic feasibility for the membrane processes are also investigated in textile wastewater treatment. Furthermore, due to the fact that full-scale studies are less in comparison to pilot-scale studies, deficiencies in processes are mentioned in order to support future research studies.
TL;DR: The proposed Bayesian Network method is applied for the risk modelling of ship collision in narrow waters and is expected to help safety researchers validate their results.
TL;DR: The most sensitive measurement of the Higgs boson coupling to the tau lepton was obtained in this paper, where the authors used machine learning techniques and matrix-element methods.
Abstract: The rate for Higgs (
$${\mathrm{H}} $$
) bosons production in association with either one (
$${\mathrm{t}} {\mathrm{H}} $$
) or two (
$${\mathrm{t}} {{\overline{{{\mathrm{t}}}}}} {\mathrm{H}} $$
) top quarks is measured in final states containing multiple electrons, muons, or tau leptons decaying to hadrons and a neutrino, using proton–proton collisions recorded at a center-of-mass energy of $$13\,\text {TeV} $$
by the CMS experiment. The analyzed data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 137
$$\,\text {fb}^{-1}$$
. The analysis is aimed at events that contain $${\mathrm{H}} \rightarrow {\mathrm{W}} {\mathrm{W}} $$
, $${\mathrm{H}} \rightarrow {\uptau } {\uptau } $$
, or $${\mathrm{H}} \rightarrow {\mathrm{Z}} {\mathrm{Z}} $$
decays and each of the top quark(s) decays either to lepton+jets or all-jet channels. Sensitivity to signal is maximized by including ten signatures in the analysis, depending on the lepton multiplicity. The separation among $${\mathrm{t}} {\mathrm{H}} $$
, $${\mathrm{t}} {{\overline{{{\mathrm{t}}}}}} {\mathrm{H}} $$
, and the backgrounds is enhanced through machine-learning techniques and matrix-element methods. The measured production rates for the $${\mathrm{t}} {{\overline{{{\mathrm{t}}}}}} {\mathrm{H}} $$
and $${\mathrm{t}} {\mathrm{H}} $$
signals correspond to $$0.92 \pm 0.19\,\text {(stat)} ^{+0.17}_{-0.13}\,\text {(syst)} $$
and $$5.7 \pm 2.7\,\text {(stat)} \pm 3.0\,\text {(syst)} $$
of their respective standard model (SM) expectations. The corresponding observed (expected) significance amounts to 4.7 (5.2) standard deviations for $${\mathrm{t}} {{\overline{{{\mathrm{t}}}}}} {\mathrm{H}} $$
, and to 1.4 (0.3) for $${\mathrm{t}} {\mathrm{H}} $$
production. Assuming that the Higgs boson coupling to the tau lepton is equal in strength to its expectation in the SM, the coupling $$y_{{\mathrm{t}}}$$
of the Higgs boson to the top quark divided by its SM expectation, $$\kappa _{{\mathrm{t}}}=y_{{\mathrm{t}}}/y_{{\mathrm{t}}}^{\mathrm {SM}}$$
, is constrained to be within $$-0.9< \kappa _{{\mathrm{t}}}< -0.7$$
or $$0.7< \kappa _{{\mathrm{t}}}< 1.1$$
, at 95% confidence level. This result is the most sensitive measurement of the $${\mathrm{t}} {{\overline{{{\mathrm{t}}}}}} {\mathrm{H}} $$
production rate to date.
TL;DR: This study proposes a novel extension of Best-Worst Method and extension of the TODIM (an acronym in Portuguese for Iterative Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method using D numbers, which provides a prioritisation framework for the actions associated with zero-carbon city policies set out in London's strategy document.
TL;DR: In this article, q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets (q-ROFSs) are used to allow decision-makers to their assessments in a wider space and to better deal with ambiguous information.
TL;DR: In this paper, an ELimination and choice translating REality-II (ELECTRE-II) technique under hesitant Pythagorean fuzzy (HPF) information was proposed to handle diverse opinions of decision experts.