Showing papers by "Ivanovo State Power University published in 2017"

Modeling the water decarbonization processes in atmospheric deaerators

Abstract: A mathematical model of the water decarbonization processes in atmospheric deaerators is proposed to calculate the thermal decomposition degree of hydrocarbonates in a deaerator, pH of a deaerated water sample, and the mass concentration of free carbonic acid in it on a carbon dioxide basis. The mathematical description of these processes is based on the deaeration tank water flow model implemented in the specialized software suite for the calculation of three-dimensional liquid flows, where a real water flow is a set of parallel small plug-flow reactors, and the rate constant of the reaction representing a generalized model of the thermal decomposition of hydrocarbonates with consideration for its chemical and diffusion stages is identified by experimental data. Based on the results of experimental studies performed on deaerators of different designs with and without steam bubbling in their tanks, an empirical support of this model has been developed in the form of recommended reaction order and rate constant values selected depending on the overall alkalinity of water fed into a deaerator. A self-contained mathematical description of the water decarbonization processes in deaerators has been obtained. The proposed model precision has been proven to agree with the specified metrological characteristics of the potentiometric and alkalimetric methods for measuring pH and the free carbonic acid concentration in water. This allows us to recommend the obtained model for the solution of practical problems of forming a specified amount of deaerated water via the selection of the structural and regime parameters of deaerators during their design and regime adjustment.

Simulation of combined heterogeneous processes based on discrete models of the Boltzmann equation

Abstract: A new approach to simulating combined heterogeneous processes of chemical technologies based on the Boltzmann kinetic equation has been proposed. Examples of using this approach to describe processes in a gas−solid heterogeneous system when combining processes of the movement, grinding, and classification of particles in a fluidized bed jet mill have been reported. The possibilities and advantages of applying discrete models of the Boltzmann equation to describe combined heterogeneous processes have been shown.

Neologisms in the english language in the 21st century

Abstract: The article focuses on analysis of nominative processes and lexical change occurring in Eng-lish at the present stage of language development. Lexical system, being the most flexible and accessible, constantly evolves with the development of society embracing new lexical means and thus reflecting current social trends. New recently coined English words are the object of this article. The material included neologisms which have been added to oxford online dictionaries since 2010. Most of these lexical units have been selected for Oxford Word of the Year shortlists, compiled on the basis of their frequent use and significance in a particular year. A brief review of theoretical approaches to studying neologisms and the factors influencing their coinage is accompanied by comparative studies of statistical data conducted by linguists in late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. This paper examines some distinctive characteristics of popular English neologisms and their actualization in everyday communication of native speakers of the English language. The research consisted of two stages: analytical, which included lexical analysis of neologisms, and interactive presenting an informant survey. A number of generalized thematic groups / functioning spheres have been identified in the semantic aspect during the initial stage. The degree of actual usage of these linguistic units by native English speakers has been determined in the survey of informants. The analysis of survey results has been performed and the attitude of native speakers to new and emerging words has been considered. An attempt has been made to reveal the underlying causes of the current changes and to propose an interpretation of the results received.

Modifying the properties of ferrite materials with a hexagonal structure via treatment in corona discharge plasma

Abstract: The influence of treatment in corona discharge plasma on the magnetic properties of BaFe12O19 single- and polycrystalline ferrites, as well as structural-chemical transformations in their crystal lattices, are studied. The revealed dependence between structural-sensitive microscopic parameters and the duration of corona-discharge-plasma treatment indicates the manifestation of the corona-electret effect in BaFe12O19 single crystals.

Standardization of the water heat carrier quality at Russian thermal power plants

Abstract: The necessity of developing a new industry-specific standard of the heat carrier quality for the operating, newly commissioned, and prospective power-generating units of the thermal power plants is substantiated. The need of extending the scope of the automatic chemical monitoring and the possibility of indirect measurements of some basic standardized and diagnostic indices of the water chemistry using the specific conductance are shown. Investigations proved the possibility of automatic chemical monitoring of the phosphating of the drum boilers and quantitative control of potentially acidic impurities in the feed water in oncethrough boilers. The normative STO NP INVEL document developed at OAO VTI in 2009 is proposed as the basis for alterations and amendments. A new index, the total organic carbon, is introduced into this document. The standardized value of this index in the drum boiler feed water and steam is 100 μg/dm3. According to the above normative document, the scope of the chemical monitoring should be extended by measurements of the specific conductance of the direct and H-cation samples of both the feed and the boiler water. The content of chlorides should also be standardized. For the first time, normative restrictions are suggested on amine-containing water chemistry of the power-generating units with the combined cycle gas turbines. Flowcharts are proposed for pretreatment of the make-up water on the basis of low-mineralized natural waters with high organic substance contents, which reduces the oxidizability by 70–80%.

Principle of Compatibility of Heterogeneous Additives in Triboactive Metalworking Fluids for Edge Cutting of Metals

Abstract: The problem of the combined usage of surface and chemically-active additives within metalworking fluids (MWF) for edge-cutting processing has been studied. The test results of MWFs containing surface-active additives with oxygen-containing reactive components have been demonstrated. The hypothesis of the special structure of boundary lubrication layers formed by two triboactive components of different chemical nature has been defined.