Showing papers by "Jagiellonian University published in 2005"
TL;DR: In this article, the main results obtained by the BRAHMS Collaboration on the properties of hot and dense hadronic and partonic matter produced in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions at RHIC are reviewed.
1,860 citations
TL;DR: Interestingly, all behavioral aberrations described in this paper appear before puberty, which could distinguish the VPA rat model of autism from other animal models of neurodevelopmental disorders, especially rodent models of schizophrenia.
743 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that SARS-CoV shares its receptor ACE2 with HCoV-NL63, which suggests that highly pathogenic variants have ample opportunity to evolve, underlining the need for vaccines against HCoVs.
Abstract: Coronavirus (CoV) infection of humans is usually not associated with severe disease. However, discovery of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) CoV revealed that highly pathogenic human CoVs (HCoVs) can evolve. The identification and characterization of new HCoVs is, therefore, an important task. Recently, a HCoV termed NL63 was discovered in patients with respiratory tract illness. Here, cell tropism and receptor usage of HCoV-NL63 were analyzed. The NL63 spike (S) protein mediated infection of different target cells compared with the closely related 229E-S protein but facilitated entry into cells known to be permissive to SARS-CoV-S-driven infection. An analysis of receptor engagement revealed that NL63-S binds angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2, the receptor for SARS-CoV, and HCoV-NL63 uses ACE2 as a receptor for infection of target cells. Potent neutralizing activity directed against NL63- but not 229E-S protein was detected in virtually all sera from patients 8 years of age or older, suggesting that HCoV-NL63 infection of humans is common and usually acquired during childhood. Here, we show that SARS-CoV shares its receptor ACE2 with HCoV-NL63. Because the two viruses differ dramatically in their ability to induce disease, analysis of HCoV-NL63 might unravel pathogenicity factors in SARS-CoV. The frequent HCoV-NL63 infection of humans suggests that highly pathogenic variants have ample opportunity to evolve, underlining the need for vaccines against HCoVs.
694 citations
657 citations
TL;DR: The Quantum Ising model is an exactly solvable model of quantum phase transition and this Letter gives an exact solution when the system is driven through the critical point at a finite rate.
Abstract: The Quantum Ising model is an exactly solvable model of quantum phase transition. This Letter gives an exact solution when the system is driven through the critical point at a finite rate. The evolution goes through a series of Landau-Zener level anticrossings when pairs of quasiparticles with opposite pseudomomenta get excited with a probability depending on the transition rate. The average density of defects excited in this way scales like a square root of the transition rate. This scaling is the same as the scaling obtained when the standard Kibble-Zurek mechanism of thermodynamic second order phase transitions is applied to the quantum phase transition in the Ising model.
530 citations
TL;DR: High‐intensity warfarin was not superior to standard treatment in preventing recurrent thrombosis in patients with APS and was associated with an increased rate of minor hemorrhagic complications.
515 citations
TL;DR: While the scalability of the stochastic protocol makes it most relevant in large Hilbert spaces (when quantum process tomography is infeasible), the method should be immediately useful for evaluating the degree of control that is achievable in any prototype quantum processing device.
Abstract: We describe a scalable stochastic method for the experimental measurement of generalized fidelities characterizing the accuracy of the implementation of a coherent quantum transformation. The method is based on the motion reversal of random unitary operators. In the simplest case our method enables direct estimation of the average gate fidelity. The more general fidelities are characterized by a universal exponential rate of fidelity loss. In all cases the measurable fidelity decrease is directly related to the strength of the noise affecting the implementation, quantified by the trace of the superoperator describing the non-unitary dynamics. While the scalability of our stochastic protocol makes it most relevant in large Hilbert spaces (when quantum process tomography is infeasible), our method should be immediately useful for evaluating the degree of control that is achievable in any prototype quantum processing device. By varying over different experimental arrangements and error-correction strategies, additional information about the noise can be determined.
460 citations
TL;DR: Follicular melanogenesis involves sequentially the melanogenic activity of follicular melanocytes, the transfer of melanin granules into cortical and medulla keratinocytes, and the formation of pigmented hair shafts, which is stringently coupled to the anagen stage of the hair cycle.
459 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the CO 3 2 − ions were introduced using NH 4 HCO 3 and NaHCO 3 in the amount of 0.1 or 0.05 m. The significant decomposition of carbonated hydroxyapatite powders is observed when they are heated at the temperature of 800 ˚C.
406 citations
National Institutes of Health1, Eötvös Loránd University2, Slovak Academy of Sciences3, Pusan National University4, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile5, University of Tartu6, Complutense University of Madrid7, Keele University8, Sapienza University of Rome9, University of Iowa10, University of Malta11, Cayetano Heredia University12, University of Melbourne13, University of Paris14, University of Ouagadougou15, University of Coimbra16, University of the Philippines Diliman17, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign18, University of Otago19, Victoria University of Wellington20, Al Akhawayn University21, Koç University22, Lund University23, The Catholic University of America24, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic25, University of Copenhagen26, University of Iceland27, American University of Beirut28, University of Belgrade29, University of Buenos Aires30, Susquehanna University31, National University of Malaysia32, San Francisco State University33, Queen's University Belfast34, International University, Cambodia35, University of Botswana36, Iwate Prefectural University37, Makerere University38, University of Virginia39, University of Ibadan40, University of British Columbia41, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras42, Andhra University43, University of Lausanne44, University of Ljubljana45, Queensland University of Technology46, Bunkyo Gakuin University47, Ramapo College48, Jagiellonian University49, University of Sussex50, University of Winnipeg51, Peking University52, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology53
TL;DR: Perceptions of national character appear to be unfounded stereotypes that may serve the function of maintaining a national identity.
Abstract: Most people hold beliefs about personality characteristics typical of members of their own and others' cultures. These perceptions of national character may be generalizations from personal experience, stereotypes with a "kernel of truth," or inaccurate stereotypes. We obtained national character ratings of 3989 people from 49 cultures and compared them with the average personality scores of culture members assessed by observer ratings and self-reports. National character ratings were reliable but did not converge with assessed traits. Perceptions of national character thus appear to be unfounded stereotypes that may serve the function of maintaining a national identity.
403 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report the complete GNO solar neutrino results for the measuring periods GNO, III, GNO II, and GNO I. The GNO experiment is now terminated after altogether 58 solar exposure runs that were performed between 20 May 1998 and 9 April 2003.
TL;DR: This work presents an overview of research on an effect of carotenoids on the structural and dynamic properties of lipid membranes carried out with the application of different techniques such as Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, Nuclear Magnetic resonance, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, X-ray diffractometry, monomolecular layer technique and other techniques.
TL;DR: The ability of serum- and inflammation-associated proteases to cleave chemerin and stimulate CMKLR1-mediated chemotaxis was evaluated and it was shown that serine proteases factor XIIa and plasmin of the coagulation and fibrinolytic cascades, elastase and cathepsin G released from activated neutrophil granules and mast cell tryptase are all potent activators of cheMERin.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Analysis of literature data suggests participation of lipoic acid in processes of cell growth and differentiation can be crucial to clinical practice, however, this problem requires further studies.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focused upon refining an in-situ FTIR method to study accelerated ageing of paper under controlled conditions and applied the CH band at 2900 cm 1 to compare different samples from various experiments.
TL;DR: Working memory deficits in PD are both psychologically specific and related to dopamine depletion, and it is anticipated that greater understanding of these mechanisms will lead to future therapeutic improvements.
TL;DR: In this article, a geometric test for weak lensing signal-to-noise ratio at the 1 per cent level is proposed to constrain shear calibration biases and other systematics in the SDSS survey data.
Abstract: Weak lensing is emerging as a powerful observational tool to constrain cosmological models, but is at present limited by an incomplete understanding of many sources of systematic error. Many of these errors are multiplicative and depend on the population of background galaxies. We show how the commonly cited geometric test, which is rather insensitive to cosmology, can be used as a ratio test of systematics in the lensing signal at the 1 per cent level. We apply this test to the galaxy-galaxy lensing analysis of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), which at present is the sample with the highest weak lensing signal-to-noise ratio and has the additional advantage of spectroscopic redshifts for lenses. This allows one to perform meaningful geometric tests of systematics for different subsamples of galaxies at different mean redshifts, such as brighter galaxies, fainter galaxies and high-redshift luminous red galaxies, both with and without photometric redshift estimates. We use overlapping objects between SDSS and the DEEP2 and 2df-Sloan LRG and Quasar (2SLAQ) spectroscopic surveys to establish accurate calibration of photometric redshifts and to determine the redshift distributions for SDSS. We use these redshift results to compute the projected surface density contrast ΔΣ around 259 609 spectroscopic galaxies in the SDSS; by measuring ΔΣ with different source samples we establish consistency of the results at the 10 per cent level (1σ). We also use the ratio test to constrain shear calibration biases and other systematics in the SDSS survey data to determine the overall galaxy-galaxy weak lensing signal calibration uncertainty. We find no evidence of any inconsistency among many subsamples of the data.
TL;DR: Spectra obtained indicate that the wavenumber location of CC stretching vibrations is mainly influenced both by the length as well as by the terminal substituents of the polyene chain of carotenoids and by their interaction with other plant constituents.
Abstract: This paper demonstrates the special advantages of FT-Raman spectroscopy for in situ studies of several carotenoids that occur ubiquitously in the plant kingdom. Spectra obtained from various tissues of a range of plant species indicate that the wavenumber location of CC stretching vibrations is mainly influenced both by the length as well as by the terminal substituents of the polyene chain of carotenoids and by their interaction with other plant constituents. The obtained results show also the usefulness of Raman spectroscopy in the investigation of cis-trans isomerization of carotenoids during processing. Additionally, 2-D Raman mappings present a unique possibility to evaluate the individual distribution of carotenoids in the intact plant tissue; in this context different 7-, 8-, and 9-double bond conjugated carotenoids can be analyzed independently in the same sample. Furthermore, the use of Raman spectroscopy for in situ detection of unstable substances such as epoxycarotenoids is discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 77: 212-221, 2005
TL;DR: It can be shown that the dynamics of the Landau-Zener model can be accurately described in terms of the Kibble-Zurek theory of the topological defect production in nonequilibrium phase transitions.
Abstract: It can be shown that the dynamics of the Landau-Zener model can be accurately described in terms of the Kibble-Zurek theory of the topological defect production in nonequilibrium phase transitions. The simplest quantum model exhibiting the Kibble-Zurek mechanism is presented. A new intuitive description of Landau-Zener dynamics is found.
TL;DR: In the PE-PG bilayer PE interacts more strongly with PG than with PE, which is a likely molecular-level event behind a regulating mechanism developed by the bacteria to control its membrane permeability and stability consisting in changes of the relative PG/PE concentration in the membrane.
TL;DR: EFNS task force on management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis as mentioned in this paper proposed guidelines for diagnosing and clinical care of patients and relatives, which can be used to diagnose and treat the disease.
Abstract: EFNS task force on management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis : guidelines for diagnosing and clinical care of patients and relatives.
TL;DR: In this paper, the dipole strength distribution above the one-neutron separation energy was measured in the unstable and double-magic Sn isotopes, and the results were deduced from Coulomb dissociation of secondary Sn beams with energies around.
Abstract: The dipole strength distribution above the one-neutron separation energy was measured in the unstable $^{130}\mathrm{Sn}$ and the double-magic $^{132}\mathrm{Sn}$ isotopes. The results were deduced from Coulomb dissociation of secondary Sn beams with energies around $500\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/\mathrm{\text{nucleon}}$, produced by in-flight fission of a primary $^{238}\mathrm{U}$ beam. In addition to the giant dipole resonance, a resonancelike structure (``pygmy resonance'') is observed at a lower excitation energy around 10 MeV exhausting a few percent of the isovector $E1$ energy-weighted sum rule. The results are discussed in the context of a predicted new dipole mode of excess neutrons oscillating out of phase with the core nucleons.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors look at how chitin/chitosan materials can contribute to the development of membrane-based processes, particularly to those classified as supportive of the sustainability of our life.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the origin of X-ray emissions and the dynamics of the jets in radio galaxies and concluded that if the inverse Compton model is the case, the Xray-bright jet knots are most likely far from the minimum power condition.
Abstract: We examine a systematic comparison of jet knots, hot spots, and radio lobes recently observed with Chandra and ASCA. This report discusses the origin of their X-ray emissions and investigates the dynamics of the jets. The data were compiled at well-sampled radio (5 GHz) and X-ray (1 keV) frequencies for more than 40 radio galaxies. We examine three models for the X-ray production: synchrotron (SYN), synchrotron self-Compton (SSC), and external Compton (EC) on cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons. For the SYN sources?mostly jet knots in nearby low-luminosity radio galaxies?X-ray photons are produced by ultrarelativistic electrons with energies 10-100 TeV that must be accelerated in situ. For the other objects, conservatively classified as SSC or EC sources, a simple formulation of calculating the expected X-ray fluxes under an equipartition hypothesis is presented. We confirm that the observed X-ray fluxes are close to the expected ones for nonrelativistic emitting plasma velocities in the case of radio lobes and the majority of hot spots, whereas a considerable fraction of jet knots are too bright in X-rays to be explained in this way. We examine two possibilities to account for the discrepancy in a framework of the inverse Compton model: (1) the magnetic field is much smaller than the equipartition value, and (2) the jets are highly relativistic on kiloparsec and megaparsec scales. We conclude that if the inverse Compton model is the case, the X-ray-bright jet knots are most likely far from the minimum-power condition. We also briefly discuss the other possibility, namely, that the observed X-ray emission from all the jet knots is synchrotron in origin.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors test whether the magnitude of the relation between right-wing authoritarism and social dominance orientation is stable across and within cultures, whether their differential relations with value orientations and sociopolitical attitudes remain stable in spite of these possible differences, and whether the differential relations point to a different genesis.
Abstract: The present study tests whether the magnitude of the relation between Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) is stable across and within cultures, whether their differential relations with value orientations and sociopolitical attitudes remain stable in spite of these possible differences, and whether their differential relations point to a different genesis. For these purposes, two student samples (total N = 684), three adult samples (total N = 553), and a political activist sample (N = 69) were gathered in Belgium, and one adult sample (N = 235) was collected in Poland. Both crossand intracultural differences in the strength of the RWA-SDO relation emerged. These can be attributed to specificities in sociopolitical context and differences in political socialization, interest, and involvement. In spite of these fluctuations, in the strength of the RWASDO relation, regression analyses revealed high stability of the relation between RWA-SDO and sociopolitical attitudes, and mediation analyses supported the hypothesis of their different genesis.
TL;DR: Analysis of possible routes towards Anderson-like localization of Bose-Einstein condensates in disordered potentials shows that incommensurable superlattices should allow for the observation of the crossover from the nonlinear screening regime to the Anderson localized case within realistic experimental parameters.
Abstract: We investigate, both experimentally and theoretically, possible routes towards Anderson-like localization of Bose-Einstein condensates in disordered potentials. The dependence of this quantum interference effect on the nonlinear interactions and the shape of the disorder potential is investigated. Experiments with an optical lattice and a superimposed disordered potential reveal the lack of Anderson localization. A theoretical analysis shows that this absence is due to the large length scale of the disorder potential as well as its screening by the nonlinear interactions. Further analysis shows that incommensurable superlattices should allow for the observation of the crossover from the nonlinear screening regime to the Anderson localized case within realistic experimental parameters.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured rapidity densities dN/dy of pi+/- and K+/- over a broad rapidity range (-0.1 < y < 3.5) for central Au + Au collisions at square root(sNN) = 200 GeV.
Abstract: We have measured rapidity densities dN/dy of pi+/- and K+/- over a broad rapidity range (-0.1 < y < 3.5) for central Au + Au collisions at square root(sNN) = 200 GeV. These data have significant implications for the chemistry and dynamics of the dense system that is initially created in the collisions. The full phase-space yields are 1660 +/- 15 +/- 133 (pi+), 1683 +/- 16 +/- 135 (pi-), 286 +/- 5 +/- 23 (K+), and 242 +/- 4 +/- 19 (K-). The systematics of the strange to nonstrange meson ratios are found to track the variation of the baryochemical potential with rapidity and energy. Landau-Carruthers hydrodynamics is found to describe the bulk transport of the pions in the longitudinal direction.
TL;DR: The application of the stochastic genetic algorithm in conjunction with the deterministic Powell search to analysis of the multicomponent powder EPR spectra based on computer simulation allows for automated extraction of the magnetic parameters and relative abundances of the component signals, from the nonlinear least-squares fitting of experimental spectra, with minimum outside intervention.
Abstract: The application of the stochastic genetic algorithm (GA) in conjunction with the deterministic Powell search to analysis of the multicomponent powder EPR spectra based on computer simulation is described. This approach allows for automated extraction of the magnetic parameters and relative abundances of the component signals, from the nonlinear least-squares fitting of experimental spectra, with minimum outside intervention. The efficiency and robustness of GA alone and its hybrid variant with the Powell method was demonstrated using complex simulated and real EPR data sets. The unique capacity of the genetic algorithm for locating global minima, subsequently refined by the Powell method, allowed for successful fitting of the spectra. The influence of the population size, mutation, and crossover rates on the performance of GA was also investigated.
TL;DR: Patterns of sequence variation within clades suggested long‐term demographic stability in the southern groups, moderate and relatively old demographic growth in the populations inhabiting central Europe, and high growth in some of the groups that colonized northern parts of Europe after the last glacial maximum.
Abstract: The newts Triturus vulgaris and Triturus montandoni are sister species that exhibit contrasting levels of intraspecific morphological variation. Triturus vulgaris has a broad Eurasiatic distribution encompassing both formerly glaciated and unglaciated areas and shows substantial morphological differentiation in the southern part of its range, while T. montandoni , confined to the Carpathians, is morphologically uniform. We analysed sequence variation of two mtDNA fragments of the total length of c . 1850 bp in 285 individuals of both species collected from 103 localities. Phylogenetic analysis of 200 unique haplotypes defined 12 major clades, their age estimated at c . 4.5–1.0 million years (Myr). Most of the older clades were found in the southern part of the range, and also in central Europe, mainly in Romania. The distribution of mtDNA clades points to the existence of several glacial refugia, located in the Caucasus region, Anatolia, the Balkan Peninsula, Italy, and more to the north in central Europe. The concordance between mtDNA based phylogeny and the distribution of T. vulgaris subspecies was weak. Triturus montandoni haplotypes did not form a monophyletic group. Instead they were found in six clades, in five of them mixed with T. vulgaris haplotypes, most likely as a result of past or ongoing hybridization and multiple introgression of mtDNA from T. vulgaris to T. montandoni . Patterns of sequence variation within clades suggested long-term demographic stability in the southern groups, moderate and relatively old demographic growth in the populations inhabiting central Europe, and high growth in some of the groups that colonized northern parts of Europe after the last glacial maximum.
TL;DR: In this article, the essential oils obtained from various plant species (genera: Origanum, Satureja, Salvia, Sideritis, Thymus, Calamintha, Lavandula, Ziziphora and Thymbra) collected in Turkey were studied by two complementary methods, ATR/FT-IR and NIR-FT-Raman spectroscopy.