Jagiellonian University

About: Jagiellonian University is a education organization based out in Krakow, Poland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Catalysis. The organization has 17438 authors who have published 44092 publications receiving 862633 citations. The organization is also known as: Academia Cracoviensis & Akademia Krakowska.

Homogeneous photocatalysis by transition metal complexes in the environment

Abstract: The role of transition metal complexes is overviewed for the iron, copper and chromium compounds, for which photoreactivity is of crucial environmental importance. Attention is paid to these complex systems, in which metal centres are photoreduced by organic matter under solar irradiation and re-oxidized by molecular oxygen, i.e. to the systems, that play a part in the environmental photocatalysis. The photoreduction is accompanied by simultaneous oxidation of organic matter, which plays a role of ligand and/or sacrificial electron donor. Under favourable conditions a complete photodegradation of the organic pollutants can be achieved. The general mechanisms are analysed and examples of different photocatalytic behaviours are presented in some details. The systems are more sophisticated due to concurrent generation of active oxygen species, such as the O 2 − , HO 2 , OH , H 2 O 2 , and HO 2 − , which are involved in the redox reactions of the photocatalytic cycling and influence the pollutant degradation. Beside the monometallic cycles, the mixed metal systems can function in nature. The cooperation between the photocatalytic cycles of two metals can abate diverse environmental pollutants, but their efficiency can be either higher or lower in comparison with that of the sum of single cycles.

Authoritarianism and Social Dominance in Western and Eastern Europe: The Importance of the Sociopolitical Context and of Political Interest and Involvement

Abstract: The present study tests whether the magnitude of the relation between Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) is stable across and within cultures, whether their differential relations with value orientations and sociopolitical attitudes remain stable in spite of these possible differences, and whether their differential relations point to a different genesis. For these purposes, two student samples (total N = 684), three adult samples (total N = 553), and a political activist sample (N = 69) were gathered in Belgium, and one adult sample (N = 235) was collected in Poland. Both crossand intracultural differences in the strength of the RWA-SDO relation emerged. These can be attributed to specificities in sociopolitical context and differences in political socialization, interest, and involvement. In spite of these fluctuations, in the strength of the RWASDO relation, regression analyses revealed high stability of the relation between RWA-SDO and sociopolitical attitudes, and mediation analyses supported the hypothesis of their different genesis.

Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations in clinical practice guidelines: Part 2 of 3. The GRADE approach to grading quality of evidence about diagnostic tests and strategies.

Abstract: The GRADE approach to grading the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations provides a comprehensive and transparent approach for developing clinical recommendations about using diagnostic tests or diagnostic strategies. Although grading the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations about using tests shares the logic of grading recommendations for treatment, it presents unique challenges. Guideline panels and clinicians should be alert to these special challenges when using the evidence about the accuracy of tests as the basis for clinical decisions. In the GRADE system, valid diagnostic accuracy studies can provide high quality evidence of test accuracy. However, such studies often provide only low quality evidence for the development of recommendations about diagnostic testing, as test accuracy is a surrogate for patient-important outcomes at best. Inferring from data on accuracy that using a test improves outcomes that are important to patients requires availability of an effective treatment, improved patients' wellbeing through prognostic information, or - by excluding an ominous diagnosis - reduction of anxiety and the opportunity for earlier search for an alternative diagnosis for which beneficial treatment can be available. Assessing the directness of evidence supporting the use of a diagnostic test requires judgments about the relationship between test results and patient-important consequences. Well-designed and conducted studies of allergy tests in parallel with efforts to evaluate allergy treatments critically will encourage improved guideline development for allergic diseases.

The discovery of mesoporous molecular sieves from the twenty year perspective

Abstract: By the combination of prior knowledge, observation skills, and novel synthetic approaches, we discovered a family of mesoporous molecular sieves including discrete structures – MCM-41 (hexagonal), MCM-48 (cubic), and MCM-50 (lamellar). These materials were formed unlike that of our classical microporous structures involving reagent induced-macromolecular templating mechanism. Based on synthetic data and working with others, we were able to establish a predictive mechanism of formation and identify a broad class of templating reagents. These initial findings generated great interest and effort worldwide. It resulted in tremendous expansion of knowledge and skills with many new additional discoveries that established a new area of ordered mesoporous materials. They are integrated with zeolites (microporous materials) and based on surfactant inorganic chemistry.