Showing papers by "James Cook University published in 1978"
TL;DR: The structural geometry of a mylonite zone (the Woodroffe thrust) and the country rock in its immediate vicinity is described in this article, where it is demonstrated that the fold axes formed initially at approximately 90° to mineral elongation but rotated with increase in strain towards it.
201 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a preliminary assessment is made of the factors contributing to the rapid response of the discharge hydrograph in a tropical rainforest catchment, where overland and subsurface flows were measured by means of a trough system constructed at the lower end of three sites.
159 citations
TL;DR: Acid and alkaline phosphatases occur in the hepatopancreatic cells and are apparently concerned with several stages in the digestive cycle, including the synthesis and secretion of digestive enzymes, the subsequent absorption of the products of extracellular digestion, and the active transport of metabolites across the cell membranes.
72 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors define a logical and concise shorthand terminology for poly-deformed terrains, where the superscript represents the S -surface affected by a given polygonal deformation.
66 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an interpretation of Expedition results from the northern Great Barrier Reef, excluding those from the drill core, is restricted to an interpretation with respect to a range of well controlled sea level criteria and dates.
Abstract: Detailed studies, utilizing a range of both well controlled sea level criteria and dates, are required if Holocene time-sea level curves are to be established with any degree of confidence. This paper is restricted to an interpretation of Expedition results from the northern Great Barrier Reef, excluding those from the drill core. Extensive colonies of emergent fossil corals in growth position indicate that present sea level was first reached about 6000 a b. p. Elevations of cay surfaces, cemented rubble platforms, microatolls, coral shingle ridges, reef flats and mangrove swamps, referenced to present sea level show an array of heights. However, levels of particular features are accordant on many reefs: it is believed that these can be related to particular sea levels. Radiometric dating provides the time framework. Ages of samples from similar deposits on different reefs are surprisingly consistent. Oscillations in sea level since 6000 a b.p ., relative to present sea level, are identified with varying degrees of confidence. This history of relative sea level does not separate eustatic from noneustatic components.
62 citations
TL;DR: The results illustrate the role of a mangrove creek in the ecology of the four species of fish and show the mangroves provides a nursery for A. berda and C. patoca.
Abstract: The feeding ecology of four species of fish is described in terms of associations of body form, feeding structures, and stomach contents; and of seasonal variations in diet. Black bream, Acanthopagrus berda (Forskal, 1775), and the hair-finned goby, Ctenogobius criniger (Valenciennes, 1837), are predominantly carnivorous; milk-spotted toadfish, Chelonodon patoca (Hamilton-Buchanan, 1822), largely omnivorous; and bony bream, Anodontostoma chacunda (Hamilton-Buchanan, 1822), detritivorous. The results illustrate the role of a mangrove creek in the ecology of the four species of fish and show the mangrove creek provides a nursery for A. berda and C. patoca.
56 citations
TL;DR: In-vitro experiments have indicated that the soluble lignin-carbohydrate complex produced in the bovine rumen is not significantly affected by further digestion in the rumen after passing into solution.
Abstract: In-vitro experiments have indicated that the soluble lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) produced in the bovine rumen is not significantly affected by further digestion in the rumen after passing into solution. The LCC has been shown to precipitate at the low pH of the abomasum and is present in the solid fraction of the faeces. It is concluded that digestion of the LCC is not likely to be significant after it passes from the rumen.
53 citations
TL;DR: Penaeus merguiensis de Man systematically searches the substratum and removes small particles of food from it using the small chelae of the first three pairs of pereiopods, likely to be chemosensory organs responsible for discriminating edible from non-edible material.
Abstract: Penaeus merguiensis de Man systematically searches the substratum and removes small particles of food from it using the small chelae of the first three pairs of pereiopods. One or more chelae are used to transfer food particles to the mouth. The propus and dactylus of these limbs bear numerous setae arranged in discrete groups along the length of the segments. The tip of each seta is elaborately sculptured and has a large sub-terminal pore. It is probable that these are chemosensory organs responsible for discriminating edible from non-edible material. Proximal to almost every setal group is a much-branched seta (rarely two) which probably measures the depth to which the chela has been inserted into the substratum. At the articulation of the propus and carpus of the first pereiopod are three groups of differently sculptured setae, whose function is to clean the other chelate pereiopods. An elaborate system of pegs and a ridge on the apposable fringes of the chelae might be a mechano-receptive device with a particle size discriminating function. The ridges merge into opposable terminal denticulate pads whose function is to grasp food and other particles, which may be quite small (10 to 20 μm upwards).
49 citations
45 citations
TL;DR: For example, during the 1973 Great Barrier Reef Expedition, 67 reef islands were mapped between latitudes 11° 309 S and 17° S on the Great Barrier reef as mentioned in this paper, and the major topographic, lithological, sedimentological and vegetational features of the islands were distinguished, and their elevations relative to a sea level datum established.
Abstract: During the 1973 Great Barrier Reef Expedition, 67 reef islands were mapped between latitudes 11° 309 S and 17° S on the Great Barrier Reef. During the mapping, the major topographic, lithological, sedimentological and vegetational features of the islands were distinguished, and their elevations relative to a sea level datum established. The islands themselves were categorized in terms of topographic and vegetational complexity. Previous classifications by Steers, Spender, Fairbridge and others are reviewed in the light of these findings. Some of the islands had been previously mapped by Steers in 1928-29 or 1936; on others, changes could be identified from the evidence of shoreline advance or retreat and from vegetation patterns. The floristics and vegetation units of the islands are briefly described, on the basis of the field mapping and a large collection of flowering plants. Vegetation is influenced by stage in island development, latitudinal variation in rainfall, effects of ground-nesting seabirds, and probably also by disturbance by aboriginal man. Development of mangroves on reef flats is related to stage of reef flat and island development, and relation to tidal levels. This study of the geomorphology of the islands raises questions over the nature, origin and history of specific features (ramparts, beach ridges, boulder tracts, exposed limestones) which the Expedition attempted both to define and to answer.
42 citations
TL;DR: The incidence of phycomycosis in north Queensland was high in comparison to more temperate areas and appeared to be related to the wetter seasons.
Abstract: SUMMARY Lesions encountered in a clinicopathological study of cutaneous lesions resembling ‘swamp cancer’ from horses in North Queensland included 37 cases of subcutaneous phycomycosis, 5 of which were also infected with Habronema sp larvae. In addition 9 cases of primary cutaneous habronemiasis, 58 sarcoids, 12 fibromas, 8 fibrosarcomas, 10 squamous cell carcinomas, 4 haemangiomas, 3 melanomas, 1 papilloma, 1 palpebral adenocarcinoma and 7 cases of simple granulation were diagnosed.
Subcutaneous phycomycosis resulted in the most extensive lesions. These were rapidly growing and provided the poorest prognosis of all conditions studied. The incidence of phycomycosis in north Queensland was high in comparison to more temperate areas and appeared to be related to the wetter seasons. Young horses were more commonly affected.
A fungus isolated from 3 phycomycotic lesions was tentatively identified as Hyphomyces destruens as no sporulation was observed.
TL;DR: The evidence from shallow coring, surface geomorphology, lithology of exposed rocks, superficial sediment accumulations, vegetation patterns, and the historical record derived from radiometric dating to suggest a sequence of reef and island development on the northern Great Barrier Reef in Holocene time as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: This paper brings together the evidence from shallow coring, surface geomorphology, lithology of exposed rocks, superficial sediment accumulations, vegetation patterns, and the historical record derived from radiometric dating to suggest a sequence of reef and island development on the northern Great Barrier Reef in Holocene time. Reefs initially grew vertically as the sea rose rapidly from glacial low levels. This continued until vertical growth was limited by the air/sea interface as the rate of sea level rise slowed. Vertical growth was then replaced by reef flat formation at low intertidal levels, and by the lateral extension of reefs, especially to leeward. Superficial sediment accumulations on the reef flat define a series of changing habitats for further organic growth, and also record the sequence of Holocene events. Controls of the transition from vertical to horizontal reef growth will be discussed and some comments offered on latitudinal variation in reef form along the Great Barrier Reef.
TL;DR: Groups of Brahman-cross steers maintained on two nutritional planes were infected intravenously with a stabilate of Anaplasma marginale and the haemolytic nature of the anaemia was indicated by a significant increase in unconjugated bilirubin during the acute phase.
TL;DR: The occurrence of defects observed was generally comparable to that found in bull populations elsewhere but elevated occurrence of several defects in particular herds emphasized the need for further study.
Abstract: SUMMARY The genital tracts of 968 slaughtered bulls (46% of which were young post-puberal animals) were examined for defects of a congenital or developmental nature. The overall occurrence of such lesions was 7%. These comprised persistent penile frenulum (0.5%), hypospadias (0.3%), detached urethral process (0.4%), testicular hypoplasia (0.2%), cryptorchidism (0.6%), mesonephric duct abnormalities (1.1%) and bulbourethral cysts, fusion and aplasia (3.6%). Segmental aplasia of the mesonephric duct, not previously recorded in the study area, was found in 4 Shorthorn bulls (0.4%); 2 affected animals were from one herd. In 3 cases of hypospadias (2 from one herd), the urethra communicated with the ventral surface of the penis at the junction of the body and glans through a slit-like orifice. The occurrence of defects observed was generally comparable to that found in bull populations elsewhere but elevated occurrence of several defects in particular herds emphasized the need for further study.
TL;DR: In this paper, the macro-, meso-and micro-structures associated with various intensities of slaty cleavage development across a slate belt are described, defined mainly by preferred orientations of (001) of mica and chlorite.
TL;DR: Eleven pregnant Merino ewes were immunised with either a killed Staphylococcus aureus cell-toxoid vaccine (intramuscularly) or a living culture of the same organism (subcutaneously) and 11 animals were used as non-immunised controls.
Abstract: SUMMARY Eleven pregnant Merino ewes were immunised with either a killed Staphylococcus aureus cell-toxoid vaccine (intramuscularly) or a living culture of the same organism (subcutaneously). A further 3 animals were used as non-immunised controls. There were no significant differences between the vaccinated groups for agglutinating antibody to staphylococci or for anti-α-haemolysin in either serum or whey. Three weeks after lambing the ewes were challenged by intramammary infusion of virulent staphylococci. All animals developed an acute mastitis with significant decreases in milk yields being recorded 48 hours post-challenge. Seven days after challenge the mean milk production of ewes given the live vaccine had recovered to within 5% of the pre-challenge mean yield. However, milk productions of controls and ewes given the killed vaccine had further decreased and were significantly lower than for animals vaccinated with live staphylococci. There were no significant differences between the two vaccinated groups for numbers of bacteria or leucocytes in milk samples collected after challenge. The ewes were killed 7 days postchallenge and mammary tissues were examined for immunoglobulin-containing cells. Large numbers of IgA-containing cells, and few IgM-containing cells were found, but there were no significant differences between the treatment groups for these parameters.
TL;DR: Size-frequency data collected in large samples from five populations of Lingula anatina from North Queensland intertidal sandflats conformed to previously known brachiopod size-frequency distributions, and two patterns of annual recruitment were revealed.
Abstract: Size-frequency data collected in large samples from five populations of Lingula anatina from North Queensland intertidal sandflats conformed to previously known brachiopod size-frequency distributions. Probability paper analysis of the samples and constituent sub-samples confirmed that all the distributions had a hidden poly-modality resulting from a long but defined breeding season. Two patterns of annual recruitment were revealed; the first is the periodic failure of the populations to gain recruits and the second is one of patchy distribution of settlement cohorts. These patterns introduce sampling bias into the derivation of lingulid size frequency curves unless compensated by more extensive sampling methods than have previously been considered adequate. The interpretation of year classes has enabled a growth curve to be derived. The populations inhabited predominantly sandy sub-strates and displayed aggregated distributions. Littoral distribution of the species is regarded as optimal rather than marginal.
01 Jan 1978
TL;DR: In a series of detour experiments, a more direct test of the role of olfaction in homing involved application of odorous nasal pouches to pigeons’ beaks just prior to release.
Abstract: Given the inconsistent results of experiments testing the olfactory hypothesis of pigeon homing, we have undertaken a variety of experiments with pigeons from several lofts in Germany In a series of detour experiments we found a consistent effect at one of 12 release sites Results at the other sites showed great variability A more direct test of the role of olfaction in homing involved application of odorous nasal pouches to pigeons’ beaks just prior to release This usually resulted in increased scatter of vanishing bearings, but had only marginal effects on homing velocity Some of the limitations in these experiments and possible sources of inconsistency are discussed
TL;DR: Mylonitized biotites from below the Woodroffe Thrust were recrystallized by a mechanism which involved intense internal deformation of host grains as mentioned in this paper, and localized kinks formed within the host lattice with increasing strain.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used radiometrically-dated evidence for an emergence of up to 4.9 m of sea level in some areas of southern and central Queensland, while other areas of Queensland show evidence of no sea level higher than the present over this period.
Abstract: Evidence for Holocene shorelines from the Queensland coast, off which the Great Barrier Reef lies, has epitomized the problems of eustatic fluctuations over the last 6000 years. While some areas of southern and central Queensland show evidence of no sea level higher than the present over this period, other areas, particularly within 150 km of Townsville on the mid-North coast, have provided radiometrically dated evidence for an emergence of up to 4.9 m. The area in which the 1973 Expedition worked has been described previously by several authors, and evidence for higher shorelines in the form of cemented platforms, raised reefs and related features suggesting higher sea levels, though without isotopic dating, has been noted. Research was aimed at confirming and accurately measuring and dating such evidence and relating it to the pattern described elsewhere. Any divergences must then be explained in terms of spatially and temporally varying oceanographic or geomorphic conditions and Earth movements of tectonic and/or isostatic origin.
TL;DR: The outer barrier reefs are composed of two distinctly different reef types, here called "deltaic" reefs and far northern 'dissected' reefs as discussed by the authors, and two reefs of each of these types are described.
Abstract: The outer barrier reefs north of the ribbon reefs are composed of two distinctly different reef types, here called 'deltaic' reefs and far northern 'dissected' reefs. Two reefs of each of these types are described. The deltaic reef system is composed of 96 km of reef front characterized by the presence of regular, well defined channels containing very strong tidal currents, and also by the presence of a deltaic pattern at the reef back. The dissected reefs are the northernmost of the barrier reefs. They are composed of many small E-W elongate reefs interspersed by many wide channels. Both reef types are part of the one structure, their differing surface morphologies being attributed to bathymetric and hydrodynamic factors of the present and of the past.
TL;DR: La discussion porte sur the preadaptation des anatifes a une vie symbiotique, sur the possibilite d'une specialisation dans the reproduction and sur le cycle des especes symbiotiques.
Abstract: La production d'oeufs chez les Anatifes a ete etudiee afin de determiner si la haute fecondite est une adaptation a une niche inhabituelle. Les anatifes Platylepas ophiophilus fixes sur les mues de Lapemis hardwickii ont produit relativement peu d'oeufs (moyennes pour trois populations: 10,4, 450 et 525). Ils ont probablement une seule ponte pendant leur courte vie. Des P. hexastylos fixes sur les dugongs etaient de taille plus grande et ont produit beaucoup plus d'oeufs (moyennes pour deux populations: 1470 et 3100), en ponte continue. Peu d'Octolasmis warwickii (fixes sur Thenus orientalis) portaient des oeufs (nombres moyens des oeufs de 100 specimens: 315) mais les individus ovigeres contenaient jusqu'a 12.800 oeufs. P. ophiophilus et O. warwickii meurent tous deux apres la mue de leur hote. Le nombre moyen des oeufs de l'anatife pelagique Lepas anatifera etait de 6300 et les pontes continues. La fecondite de ces anatifes specialises n'etait pas plus grande que celle d'especes de taille equivalente fixees sur les rochers. La discussion porte sur la preadaptation des anatifes a une vie symbiotique, sur la possibilite d'une specialisation dans la reproduction et sur le cycle des especes symbiotiques.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented data from measurements made on an adsorbent energy storage bed and showed that the long term storage ability of these beds is demonstrated by first charging the test bed, allowing it to cool to around 21°C and then extracting energy by admitting air to the bed at temperatures between 25 and 30°C.
TL;DR: Immunocyte populations of apparently normal rat mammary glands were examined at different stages of lactation using immunofluorescence techniques and IgA-and IgG-containing cells were present before parturition and during the entire period from pregnancy through parturitions and lactation to involution.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the meaning of collector efficiency when leaks into the collector occur, analyze the effects on efficiency measurements, and solve the collector efficiency for the simple case of a constant leakage rate along the collector.
TL;DR: It is shown here that three independently isolated strains of Candida slooffii resemble petite mutants, suggesting that the type of lesion in naturally occurring respiratory deficient species could be determined by circular DNA profile analysis.
Abstract: CYTOPLASMICALLY inherited respiratory deficient mutants termed petites, were first described in baker's yeast over 20 years ago1. Since then in laboratory studies several species of yeast have been shown to give rise to respiratory deficient mutants2,3. However, although some respiratory deficient (obligatory fermentative) yeasts have been found in nature3, it is not clear whether these species are the result of cytoplasmic (petite) or chromosomal lesions4 because no suitable genetic tests are available. Nevertheless it is known that petite mutants of both Saccharomyces cerevisiae5 and Tornlopsis glabrata6 have large deletions from their mitochrondrial DNA with each independent isolate having a unique circular DNA size profile which can be regarded as a ‘fingerprint’. By contrast chromosomal or segregational mutants have intact and functional mitochondrial DNA, as shown by genetic tests3,7,8. Therefore it seemed possible that the type of lesion in naturally occurring respiratory deficient species could be determined by circular DNA profile analysis. Using this method, we show here that three independently isolated strains of Candida slooffii resemble petite mutants.
TL;DR: In this paper, the principal morphological characters of these reefs are described from aerial photographs and their position in relation to the Queensland Trench is described from direct observation with the use of Scuba and from soundings.
Abstract: Ribbon reef is a general term applied to most of the shelf-edge reefs of the Northern Region. The principal morphological characters of these reefs are described from aerial photographs. Their position in relation to the Queensland Trench is described from direct observation with the use of Scuba and from soundings. The depth and position of major reef zones and their substrates and dominant biota are described from transects of Tijou and Great Detached reefs.
TL;DR: Examination of data from original species descriptions and of material held in the Queensland Museum, suggests that four previously accepted species, Lingula bancrofti, Johnston and Hirschfeld, L. hians, Swainson and L. tumidula, Reeve, are accepted on morphological and ecological grounds.
Abstract: Analysis of the variability of shell dimensions within a large population of Lingula from Shelly Beach, near Townsville and comparison with five other Queensland populations indicates that existing taxonomy, which is based largely upon shell dimensions, is inadequate. Examination of data from original species descriptions and of material held in the Queensland Museum, suggests that four previously accepted species, Lingula bancrofti, Johnston and Hirschfeld, L. exusta, Reeve, L. hians, Swainson and L. murphiana, Reeve, should be assigned to the type species L. anatina, Lamark, 1801. A fifth species L. tumidula, Reeve, is accepted on morphological and ecological grounds.