Showing papers by "James Cook University published in 1979"
TL;DR: In this article, a sequence of five major, temporally discrete, regional structural events is established, which are marked by tight folding and prograde metamorphism, occurred at 1570 ± 20 and 1469 + 20 m.y.
104 citations
TL;DR: The saponins in eggs and larvae of A. planci are at levels detectable by, and unpalatable to, planktivorous fish and they account, at least in part, for the observed rejection of these early developmental stages by planktIVorous fish.
100 citations
74 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the Burdekin River of northeast Australia is considered and a wash load rating curve is established by applying correction factors for suspended bed material under different flow rates to a classical suspended sediment rating curve.
Abstract: Summary In hydraulic response terms, the total clastic load of a river is comprised of wash load and bed material load components. Bed material load includes sediment moving as actual bed load and as suspended material originating from the bed. Classical suspended sediment rating curves do not differentiate between wash load and suspended bed material and their indiscriminant use can therefore lead to ambiguous results. Wash load must be delineated from the total suspension when using a rating curve. This is particularly important for rivers draining tropical catchments as these transport a large proportion of fine sediment. For rivers in which a relationship exists between wash load concentration and discharge, an estimate of fine sediment delivery may be obtained from a wash load rating curve. The remaining bed material load may then be calculated from physical principles. This technique is applied to the Burdekin River of northeast Australia. The Burdekin River drains a tropical semi-arid hinterland and transports a predominantly silt and clay wash load. A wash load rating curve is established by applying correction factors for suspended bed material under different flow rates to a classical suspended sediment rating curve. The resulting estimate of mean annual wash load is 3.0 million tonnes of silt and clay. The use of a theoretical bed load equation (ACKERS & WHITE 1973) together with hydraulic parameters on the coastal plain yields an estimate of mean annual bed material load of 0.45 million tonnes of sand.
68 citations
TL;DR: In five beef bulls spermatogenic cells labelled with (3)H-thymidine were used to estimate the duration of one cycle of the seminiferous epithelium (S.E.) and epididymal passage (E.P.) of spermatozoa after 10 or 20 hr of scrotal insulation designed to increase testicular temperature.
58 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented new data from the north Queensland coastal plain which indicate that present Holocene sea level was reached about 6000 years B.P. and has not deviated significantly since then.
55 citations
TL;DR: The reproductive cycles of the spangled perch Therapon unicolor Gunther, 1859 and the East Queensland rainbowfish Nematocentris splendida Peters, 1866 are described in terms of maturity stages, sex-ratio, gonosomatic indices, oocyte diameters, fecundity and rearing experiments.
Abstract: The reproductive cycles of the spangled perch Therapon unicolor Gunther, 1859 and the East Queensland rainbowfish Nematocentris splendida Peters, 1866 are described in terms of maturity stages, sex-ratio, gonosomatic indices, oocyte diameters, fecundity and rearing experiments. T. unicolor has a well-defined reproductive cycle with gonad development stimulated by rising temperatures and increasing daylength; with spawning induced by the ‘wet’, possibly by rising water levels and increasing turbidities. In contrast, N. splendida has a protracted spawning period with a peak of spawning activity in pre-flood and flood periods, although individuals in spawning condition and juveniles may be found throughout the year.
39 citations
TL;DR: Attempts are made to reproduce some of the desirable immunological properties of live vaccination by growing staphylococci in vivo, killing the culture and then using the killed cell-toxoid mixture as a non-viable vaccine.
Abstract: It has been established that there are highly significant differences between the immune responses provoked when live or killed Staphylococcus aureus organisms are injected into sheep. Polymorphonuclear leucocytes collected from ewes infected with S. aureus (by subcutaneous injection) had enhanced capacity to phagocytose staphylococci compared with polymorphs from ewes given killed S. aureus intramuscularly with adjuvant (11, 13). The basis for the observed enhancement of phagocytosis was shown to be cytophilic IgG2 antistaphylococcal antibody on the cell membrane of polymorphs from the infected ewes (13). Although 25% of polymorphs from all ewes carried cytophilic IgG2 (12), it was only in ewes infected with viable staphylococci (resulting in a skin abscess) that the cytophilic IgG2 conferred significantly enhanced phagocytic capacity to polymorphs. Recent studies have shown that a live staphylococcal vaccine was more efficient than a killed vaccine in stimulating immune protection of the ovine mammary gland against staphylococcal challenge (14). Because of the dangers associated with the use of live staphylococcal vaccines, it was decided to attempt to reproduce some of the desirable immunological properties of live vaccination by growing staphylococci in vivo, killing the culture and then using the killed cell-toxoid mixture as a non-viable vaccine. There is substantial evidence to indicate that changes in cultural conditions of S. aureus can induce important functional and compositional alterations in somatic antigens (3, 4, 6), exotoxins (5), and biochemical properties (2). In this note, preliminary experiments are described in which a modification of the dialysis sac culturing technique of Gladstone and Glencross (5) has been employed S. aureus were grown in standard bacteriological broth, either in vitro or in vivo, and various properties of the bacteria were measured. A non-capsulated 42D phage strain of Staphylococcus aureus, isolated from a case of acute clinical mastitis in a dairy cow, was used in these experiments. It was coagulase and catalase positive, and exhibited strong aand ƒÀ-haemolysis and typical colonial morphology on 5% sheep blood agar. Cultures were routinely checked for purity using standard bacteriological techniques. The in vivo grown bacteria were cultured inside dialysis sacs (Visking 20/32) in the peritoneal cavity of sheep. Approximately 100 ml of nutrient broth (Oxoid, CM 1) was placed in a dialysis sac which was then sterilized by autoclaving while
34 citations
TL;DR: Rates of shell growth of veligers in temperature cycles show an immediate effect of environmental temperature, while changes in carbon content per larva better reflect the effects of temperature on general metabolism and survival.
Abstract: Veligers ofCrepidula fornicata (L.) were reared for 12 days at constant temperatures of 15°, 20°, 25°, 30° and 35°C, and at 5 C° daily cycles of equal periodicity (COEP) over the temperature ranges 15° to 20°C, 20° to 25°C, 25° to 30°C and 30° to 35°C. COEP consisted of equal periods (6 h) of maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and uniformly increasing and decreasing temperature each 24 h period. Survival was high and not influenced by cyclic or constant temperature from 15° to 30°C. At 35°C and COEP 30° to 35°C, all larvae died before Day 6. Shell growth rate increased markedly over the range 15° to 25°C, and growth rates at cyclic temperatures in this range were intermediate between growth rates at the corresponding constant temperatures. Larvae reared at COEP 15° to 20°C and COEP 30° to 35°C had discontinuities in their shells due to inhibition of shell secretion during the adverse part of each temperature cycle. Groups ofc. fornicata veligers were exposed for 2 days to daily temperature cycles of equal and unequal periodicity in the critical 30° to 35°C range. [Cycles of unequal periodicity (COUP) consisted of unequal periods (varying between 3 and 15 h) of maximum and minimum temperature and uniformly increasing and decreasing temperature each 24 h period.] These veligers showed shell growth although their body tissue declined, as indicated by decreasing carbon content per larva. Least shell growth and most body tissue loss occurred in those cycles with the longest exposure to higher temperature. Larvae exposed for arious days to the mildest 30° to 35°C COUP (15 h at 30°C, 3 h increasing temperature, 3 h at 35°C and 3 h decreasing temperature) recovered and resumed normal growth when transferred to constant 30°C, but their growth was retarded in proportion to the number of days in the temperature cycle. Rates of shell growth of veligers in temperature cycles show an immediate effect of environmental temperature, while changes in carbon content per larva better reflect the effects of temperature on general metabolism and survival.
31 citations
TL;DR: The level of enzyme activity in the style is correlated with the tidal cycle and Polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis of crystalline style extracts can be used to distinguish between molluscs of the family Potamididae.
Abstract: 1. 1. Preliminary investigations have been carried out on the chemical composition of the crystalline style of T. telescopium . 2. 2. Polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis of crystalline style extracts can be used to distinguish between molluscs of the family Potamididae. 3. 3. No difference in structural protein composition was detected along the length of the style but laminarinase and β-glucosidase appear to be secreted into the proximal end of the style only. 4. 4. Laminarinase, fucoidanase, amylase, cellulase, xylanase, β-glucosidase and β-galactosidase activities were found in style extracts. These were further fractionated by ion-exchange chromatography. 5. 5. The level of enzyme activity in the style is correlated with the tidal cycle.
25 citations
TL;DR: The deformation and recrystallization microstructures in biotite from the Woodroffe Thrust mylonites are described and interpreted in this paper, where the degree of strain and the nucleation mechanisms differ across the mylonite zone, associated with the contrast in water content between granulite and amphibolite facies felsic gneisses on either side of the zone.
TL;DR: This paper evaluated four variations on the cloze procedure, which has been previously used with disadvantaged and ESL elementary pupils, were evaluated using randomly assigned groups of fourth and fifth grade students, and the overall results were quite similar for the four cloze variations examined, the matching cloze procedures seems to be preferable for elementary ESL students since these tests produced better item characteristics and were more easily constructed.
Abstract: Few reliable and valid measures of reading achievement are available to evaluate programs for elementary English-as-a-second-language (ESL) pupils. Four variations on the cloze procedure, which has been previously used with disadvantaged and ESL elementary pupils, were evaluated using randomly assigned groups of fourth and fifth grade students. Matching and multiple- choice variations were selected for comparison because they are in greater consonance with current psycho- linguistic theories of the reading process than are other types of reading comprehension measures. Although the overall results were quite similar for the four cloze variations examined, the matching cloze procedure seems to be preferable for elementary ESL students since these tests produced better item characteristics and were more easily constructed.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a statistical method for translating the lag response between overland flow, stream discharge and rainfall in a tropical rainforest of northeastern Australia in terms of the disposition of the rainfall on the catchment.
TL;DR: Following induction of diarrhoea and consequent dehydration of the intestine, the lymph: serum concentration ratios for immunoglobulins increased but subsequently declined when the water balance in the intestine returned to normal.
TL;DR: The authors examined the effect of political similarity between a defendant and simulated jurors on the subjects' assessment of guilt and recommendation of sentence in a political crime and found that as objective similarity increased, the probability of finding the defendant guilty decreased in the political burglary (a crime in which there was no loss of life).
Abstract: This study examined the effect of political similarity between a defendant and simulated jurors on the subjects' assessment of guilt and recommendation of sentence in a political crime. Subjects read evidence presented at two political trials, one a terrorist bombing and the other a politically motivated burglary. In both crimes, the defendant was sometimes identified as a radical leftist and sometimes identified as a member of the radical right. Subjects then rendered verdicts, recommended sentences, and answered questions about their own beliefs. It was found that as objective similarity increased, the probability of finding the defendant guilty decreased in the political burglary (a crime in which there was no loss of life). This effect was not observed in the terrorist bombing (a crime in which there was loss of life). In both crimes there was a tendency for similarity to lead to more punitive sentences when the subject was convinced of the defendant's guilt.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focused on analyses of the 60 items of the BSRI and found that some items are inapplicable in Australia, and that others of Bem's original 412 characteristics would prove more powerful items in an Australian Sex Role Inventory.
Abstract: The 412 personality characteristics from which Bem (1974) derived her Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) were rated for social desirability by 84 students of James Cook University of North Queensland. This paper focuses on analyses of the 60 items of the BSRI. Although results confirmed, on the whole, the discriminative powers of the BSRI, the data suggest that some items are inapplicable in Australia, and that others of Bem's original 412 characteristics would prove more powerful items in an Australian Sex Role Inventory.
TL;DR: The Telescopium telescopium contains two (1 linked to 3)-beta-D-glucanases and a beta-Dglucosidase as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: Mock-operation of normal tumour-free sheep was not associated with significant changes in blastogenic responses of peripheral lymphocytes to phytohaemagglutinin or tumour extracts, and Mock-operated normal mature sheep challenged with TA showed a lowgrade anamnestic-type response of BRPL to PHA-P and TA.
TL;DR: The hypoderma and the musculature of the female body are studied and the general morphology show the autonomy of a small line of asiatic and african Onchocerca of Bovines, to which the human parasite, O. volvulus, belongs.
Abstract: O. gibsoni C. et J., 1910 est redecrit ; le fourreau epithelio-musculaire de la femelle est etudie sur une coupe transversale et compare a celui de plusieurs autres Onchocerques. Ce caractere, joint a ceux de la morphologie generale, montre l’autonomie d’une petite lignee d’Onchocerques de Bovines, asiatiques et africains (O. gibsoni, O. dukei, O. ochengi et, probablement, les autres Onchocerques nodulaires de Bovinae), a laquelle se rattache l’espece parasite de l’homme, O. volvulus. La presence d’O. gibsoni en Afrique est mise en doute.
TL;DR: It is suggested that immunosuppression during tumour growth is due to formation of B suppressor lymphocytes and that CY treatment of OSCC may exert beneficial effects through its Immunosuppressive action on such lymphocytes as much as its direct cytotoxic action on tumour cells.
TL;DR: Sera from sheep with ovine squamous cell carcinoma are shown to contain a factor which nonspecifically inhibits blastogenesis of T lymphocytes, and it is suggested that the blastogenic inhibitor is mediated by the tumour to cause immunosuppression through an undetermined B lymphocyte suppressor pathway, and acts as a mechanism protecting the tumours from immune rejection by T lymph cells.
TL;DR: It is suggested that the local immune response in the udder of the sow following infusion of a soluble antigen was at least as great in non‐infused glands as infused glands of immunized sows.
Abstract: A study was made of the local immune response in the udder of the sow following infusion of a soluble antigen. Four mammary glands of each of four pregnant sows were infused with ferritin prepartum. Samples of blood, colostrum, and milk were collected during the following lactation; animals were slaughtered and mammary tissue removed for immunohistology. Blood, colostrum, milk, and mammary tissues were similarly collected from nonimmunized (control) sows. Colostral and milk whey from immunized sows contained higher levels of immunoglobulins than whey from control sows. There was an increase in numbers of IgA-containing plasma cells and total lymphoid cells in mammary tissue of immunized sows compared with controls. The results suggested that the local immune response was at least as great in non-infused glands as infused glands of immunized sows.
TL;DR: In this paper, the strength of a single shear plane which exhibits a regular, asymmetric roughness pattern was investigated. And the authors proposed a shear criterion, which is dependent on friction angle om and cohesion cm of the intact rock and on the inclination γ of the gently inclined parts of the asperities which are dipping against the shear direction.
TL;DR: It is interpreted to show that increasing tumour volume, due to natural growth or enhancement, associates with increasing suppression of cell-mediated responses, and that such suppression may be a cause and a result of increased tumourVolume.