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Institution

James Cook University

EducationTownsville, Queensland, Australia
About: James Cook University is a education organization based out in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Coral reef. The organization has 9101 authors who have published 27750 publications receiving 1032608 citations. The organization is also known as: JCU.
Topics: Population, Coral reef, Reef, Coral, Coral reef fish


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the resilience of vulnerable tourism sectors to disasters in a period of global change and interdependence, and compared the levels of resilience of formal and informal reef tourism enterprises, and the factors associated with the enterprise resilience in Phuket, Thailand.
Abstract: This paper explores the resilience of vulnerable tourism sectors to disasters in a period of global change and interdependence. The coral reef tourism industry is highly vulnerable to natural disasters and economic and political shocks. The paper also explains why enterprise resilience is central to sustainable tourism management, for economic, socio-cultural and environmental reasons. It extends the concepts of ecological and social resilience to that of enterprise resilience. Using scenarios and interviews with key enterprise staff, the study contrasts the levels of resilience of formal and informal reef tourism enterprises, and the factors associated with the enterprise resilience in Phuket, Thailand, following the 2004 tsunami and the 2008 political crisis. Informal enterprises reported better financial condition in a crisis scenario and higher levels of social capital in the form of government, family and community support than formal enterprises. Formal and informal enterprises both enjoy high lifestyle benefits from reef tourism, which supports resilience. Most formal enterprises had part foreign ownership/management (61%); no informal enterprise had any foreign ownership or management. Management policies supporting reef tourism should consider local nuances and the importance of lifestyle benefits for both formal and informal enterprises, and take steps to enable enterprise flexibility and cost-cutting during crises.

259 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
27 Jan 2021-Nature
TL;DR: The Living Planet Index (LPI) is a measure of changes in abundance aggregated from 57 abundance time-series datasets for 18 oceanic shark and ray species and the Red List Index (Red List Index) is calculated for all 31 oceanic species of sharks and rays.
Abstract: Overfishing is the primary cause of marine defaunation, yet declines in and increasing extinction risks of individual species are difficult to measure, particularly for the largest predators found in the high seas1-3. Here we calculate two well-established indicators to track progress towards Aichi Biodiversity Targets and Sustainable Development Goals4,5: the Living Planet Index (a measure of changes in abundance aggregated from 57 abundance time-series datasets for 18 oceanic shark and ray species) and the Red List Index (a measure of change in extinction risk calculated for all 31 oceanic species of sharks and rays). We find that, since 1970, the global abundance of oceanic sharks and rays has declined by 71% owing to an 18-fold increase in relative fishing pressure. This depletion has increased the global extinction risk to the point at which three-quarters of the species comprising this functionally important assemblage are threatened with extinction. Strict prohibitions and precautionary science-based catch limits are urgently needed to avert population collapse6,7, avoid the disruption of ecological functions and promote species recovery8,9.

259 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Site‐specific incidence rates demonstrate that highly sun‐exposed body sites are at high risk of developing skin cancer and provide, therefore, strong indirect evidence for the causal relationship between sun exposure and skin cancer.
Abstract: Worldwide, incidence rates of skin cancer are increasing alarmingly in populations of predominantly Caucasian origin A prospective population-based survey, set up to collect epidemiological information on all excised and histologically confirmed skin cancers, started in Townsville, Australia (population of 127,000) in December 1996 Data on the anatomical distribution of skin cancer has been collected using a detailed body map Estimations of type-specific and site-specific incidence rates were age-standardized according to world standard population Site-specific incidence rates were adjusted for surface proportion of the body site and are given per 100,000 body units Between December 1996 and December 1997, a total of 3,536 patients with 5,945 histologically confirmed skin cancer lesions were recorded Age-standardized incidence rates of basal cell carcinoma were 2,0583 for men and 1,1945 for women, 1,3323 for men and 7548 for women for squamous cell carcinoma, and 491 for men and 417 for women for cutaneous melanoma (CM) Site-specific incidence rates of non-melanocytic skin cancer were extreme on sun-exposed areas of the face, whereas site-specific incidence rates of CM were highest for neck, posterior trunk and face Less exposed body sites, such as unexposed upper limbs or thighs, showed reduced incidence rates for all types of skin cancer Tropical North Queensland has the world's highest incidence rates of skin cancer of all types Site-specific incidence rates demonstrate that highly sun-exposed body sites are at high risk of developing skin cancer and provide, therefore, strong indirect evidence for the causal relationship between sun exposure and skin cancer

259 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Using rooted and unrooted phylogenies derived from distinct theoretical approaches, strong support was achieved for monophyly of the Old World deer with muntjacs as sister group as well as for the divergence of at least three distinct genera: Rucervus, Dama, and Cervus.

259 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of temperature and acidification on oxygen consumption were tested in two species of coral reef fishes, Ostorhinchus doederleini and O. cyanosoma, from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia.
Abstract: Concerns about the impacts of ocean acidification on marine life have mostly focused on how reduced carbonate saturation affects calcifying organisms. Here, we show that levels of CO2-induced acidification that may be attained by 2100 could also have significant effects on marine organisms by reducing their aerobic capacity. The effects of temperature and acidification on oxygen consumption were tested in 2 species of coral reef fishes, Ostorhinchus doederleini and O. cyanosoma, from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. The capacity for aerobic activity (aerobic scope) declined at temperatures above the summer average (29°C) and in CO2-acidified water (pH 7.8 and ~1000 ppm CO2) compared to control water (pH 8.15). Aerobic scope declined by 36 and 32% for O. doederleini and O. cyanosoma at temperatures between 29 to 32°C, whereas it declined by 33 and 47% for O. doederleini and O. cyanosoma in acidified water compared to control water. Thus, the declines in aerobic scope in acidified water were similar to those caused by a 3°C increase in water temperature. Minimum aerobic scope values of ~200 mg O2 kg–1 h–1 were attained for both species in acidified water at 32°C, compared with over 600 mg O2 kg–1 h–1 in control water at 29°C. Mortality rate increased sharply at 33°C, indicating that this temperature is close to the lethal thermal limit for both species. Acidification further increased the mortality rate of O. doederleini, but not of O. cyanosoma. These results show that coral reef fishes are sensitive to both higher temperatures and increased levels of dissolved CO2, and that the aerobic performance of some reef fishes could be significantly reduced if climate change continues unabated

258 citations


Authors

Showing all 9184 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Christopher J L Murray209754310329
Hui-Ming Cheng147880111921
Joseph T. Hupp14173182647
Graeme J. Hankey137844143373
Bryan R. Cullen12137150901
Thomas J. Meyer120107868519
William F. Laurance11847056464
Staffan Kjelleberg11442544414
Mike Clarke1131037164328
Gao Qing Lu10854653914
David J. Williams107206062440
Tim J Peters106103747394
Michael E. Goddard10642467681
Ove Hoegh-Guldberg10642563750
John C. Avise10541353088
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202334
2022170
20211,840
20201,737
20191,671
20181,691