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Institution

James Cook University

EducationTownsville, Queensland, Australia
About: James Cook University is a education organization based out in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Coral reef. The organization has 9101 authors who have published 27750 publications receiving 1032608 citations. The organization is also known as: JCU.
Topics: Population, Coral reef, Reef, Coral, Coral reef fish


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
30 Jan 2020-PLOS ONE
TL;DR: It is found that coral restoration case studies are dominated by short-term projects, with 60% of all projects reporting less than 18 months of monitoring of the restored sites, and most projects are relatively small in spatial scale, with a median size of restored area of 100 m2.
Abstract: Coral reef ecosystems have suffered an unprecedented loss of habitat-forming hard corals in recent decades. While marine conservation has historically focused on passive habitat protection, demand for and interest in active restoration has been growing in recent decades. However, a disconnect between coral restoration practitioners, coral reef managers and scientists has resulted in a disjointed field where it is difficult to gain an overview of existing knowledge. To address this, we aimed to synthesise the available knowledge in a comprehensive global review of coral restoration methods, incorporating data from the peer-reviewed scientific literature, complemented with grey literature and through a survey of coral restoration practitioners. We found that coral restoration case studies are dominated by short-term projects, with 60% of all projects reporting less than 18 months of monitoring of the restored sites. Similarly, most projects are relatively small in spatial scale, with a median size of restored area of 100 m2. A diverse range of species are represented in the dataset, with 229 different species from 72 coral genera. Overall, coral restoration projects focused primarily on fast-growing branching corals (59% of studies), and report survival between 60 and 70%. To date, the relatively young field of coral restoration has been plagued by similar ‘growing pains’ as ecological restoration in other ecosystems. These include 1) a lack of clear and achievable objectives, 2) a lack of appropriate and standardised monitoring and reporting and, 3) poorly designed projects in relation to stated objectives. Mitigating these will be crucial to successfully scale up projects, and to retain public trust in restoration as a tool for resilience based management. Finally, while it is clear that practitioners have developed effective methods to successfully grow corals at small scales, it is critical not to view restoration as a replacement for meaningful action on climate change.

245 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A framework of Big Data-Driven (BDD) mobile network optimization is proposed and the characteristics of big data that are collected not only from user equipment but also from mobile networks are presented.
Abstract: Big data offers a plethora of opportunities to mobile network operators for improving quality of service. This article explores various means of integrating big data analytics with network optimization toward the objective of improving the user quality of experience. We first propose a framework of Big Data-Driven (BDD) mobile network optimization. We then present the characteristics of big data that are collected not only from user equipment but also from mobile networks. Moreover, several techniques in data collection and analytics are discussed from the viewpoint of network optimization. Certain user cases on the application of the proposed framework for improving network performance are also given in order to demonstrate the feasibility of the framework. With the integration of the emerging fifth generation (5G) mobile networks with big data analytics, the quality of our daily mobile life is expected to be tremendously enhanced.

245 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Sargassum assays and remote video cameras were used to directly quantify the species responsible for removing macroalgae across a range of coral reef habitats on Lizard Island, northern Great Barrier Reef, and revealed that a single species, Naso unicornis, was almost solely responsible for the removal of SargASSum biomass across all habitats.
Abstract: Herbivory is a key process structuring plant communities in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, with variation in herbivory often being related to shifts between alternate states. On coral reefs, regional reductions in herbivores have underpinned shifts from coral to dominance by leathery macroalgae. These shifts appear difficult to reverse as these macroalgae are unpalatable to the majority of herbivores, and the macroalgae suppress the recruitment and growth of corals. The removal of macroalgae is, therefore, viewed as a key ecological process on coral reefs. On the Great Barrier Reef, Sargassum is a dominant macroalgal species following experimentally induced coral–macroalgal phase-shifts. We, therefore, used Sargassum assays and remote video cameras to directly quantify the species responsible for removing macroalgae across a range of coral reef habitats on Lizard Island, northern Great Barrier Reef. Despite supporting over 50 herbivorous fish species and six macroalgal browsing species, the video footage revealed that a single species, Naso unicornis, was almost solely responsible for the removal of Sargassum biomass across all habitats. Of the 42,246 bites taken from the Sargassum across all habitats, N. unicornis accounted for 89.8% (37,982) of the total bites, and 94.6% of the total mass standardized bites. This limited redundancy, both within and across local scales, underscores the need to assess the functional roles of individual species. Management and conservation strategies may need to look beyond the preservation of species diversity and focus on the maintenance of ecological processes and the protection of key species in critical functional groups.

245 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a range of processes for vein formation, including formation of closed system fibrous veins by dissolution-precipitation creep, pressure-or kinetically dependent closed system segregation veins in which transfer of soluble components from wallrock to vein leaves behind a residual selvage, similar vein-selvage patterning, but with mass imbalances between vein and wallrock requiring fluid advection through both interconnected fracture networks and in the surrounding permeable rock.
Abstract: Comparison of mass transfer patterns, geometry and microstructures developed within and around veins allows the interpretation of processes of fluid flow during deformation, metamorphism and mineralization. A classification of vein types based on the degree of interaction with wallrock (using petrological, geochemical or isotopic indicators) can be used to identify a range of processes, from closed system behaviour in which the vein mass is derived from local wallrock, through to open system behaviour in which the vein mass is derived externally. Microstructural characteristics, such as wallrock selvages, multiple growth events recorded by vein seams and vein crystal morphology, also help to constrain mass transfer patterns during vein formation. We present a range of processes for vein formation, including: (i) the formation of closed system fibrous veins by dissolution–precipitation creep, including varieties in which tensile failure is not required; (ii) pressure- or kinetically dependent closed system segregation veins in which transfer of soluble components from wallrock to vein leaves behind a residual selvage; (iii) similar vein–selvage patterning, but with mass imbalances between vein and wallrock requiring fluid advection through both interconnected fracture networks and in the surrounding permeable rock; and (iv) the proposed formation of veins by fluid ascent in mobile hydrofractures, in which isotopic or chemical disequilibrium within and around the vein suggests that the crack and fluid within it moved essentially as one. The postulate of rapid fluid and mass transfer via such mobile hydrofractures has implications for the release of volatiles from metamorphic terrains. Also, consideration of a broad range of possible vein-forming mechanisms is highly desirable when dealing with mineral deposits found in deformed, metamorphosed rocks, because closed system veining may produce patterns that, if erroneously recognized as being open systems, could lead to false interpretations of the role of tectonic fracturing in ore genesis.

244 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: To target at-risk species and amphibian communities, this work develops sampling strategies and filtering protocols that result in probiotics that inhibit Bd under ecologically relevant conditions and persist on susceptible amphibians.
Abstract: Probiotic therapy through bioaugmentation is a feasible disease mitigation strategy based on growing evidence that microbes contribute to host defences of plants and animals. Amphibians are currently threatened by the rapid global spread of the pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), which causes the disease chytridiomycosis. Bioaugmentation of locally occurring protective bacteria on amphibians has mitigated this disease effectively in laboratory trials and one recent field trial. Areas still naive to Bd provide an opportunity for conservationists to proactively implement probiotic strategies to prevent further amphibian declines. In areas where Bd is endemic, bioaugmentation can facilitate repatriation of susceptible amphibians currently maintained in assurance colonies. Here, we synthesise the current research in amphibian microbial ecology and bioaugmentation to identify characteristics of effective probiotics in relation to their interactions with Bd, their host, other resident microbes and the environment. To target at-risk species and amphibian communities, we develop sampling strategies and filtering protocols that result in probiotics that inhibit Bd under ecologically relevant conditions and persist on susceptible amphibians. This filtering tool can be used proactively to guide amphibian disease mitigation and can be extended to other taxa threatened by emerging infectious diseases.

244 citations


Authors

Showing all 9184 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Christopher J L Murray209754310329
Hui-Ming Cheng147880111921
Joseph T. Hupp14173182647
Graeme J. Hankey137844143373
Bryan R. Cullen12137150901
Thomas J. Meyer120107868519
William F. Laurance11847056464
Staffan Kjelleberg11442544414
Mike Clarke1131037164328
Gao Qing Lu10854653914
David J. Williams107206062440
Tim J Peters106103747394
Michael E. Goddard10642467681
Ove Hoegh-Guldberg10642563750
John C. Avise10541353088
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202334
2022170
20211,840
20201,737
20191,671
20181,691