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Institution

James Cook University

EducationTownsville, Queensland, Australia
About: James Cook University is a education organization based out in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Coral reef. The organization has 9101 authors who have published 27750 publications receiving 1032608 citations. The organization is also known as: JCU.
Topics: Population, Coral reef, Reef, Coral, Coral reef fish


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data strongly support "traditional" hypotheses that members of the Schistosoma haematobium group form a monophyletic clade, and the African schistosomes form a clade to the exclusion of the two Asian species.

280 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Current evidence suggests chytridiomycosis may be a novel pathogen being spread worldwide by carriers; until the authors know how much genetic variation to expect in an endemic strain, however, it cannot yet conclude that B. dendrobatidis is a novel Pathogen.
Abstract: Chytridiomycosis, caused by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, is an emerging infectious disease implicated in declines of amphibian populations around the globe. An emerging infectious disease is one that has recently been discovered; has recently increased in incidence, geography, or host range; or is newly evolved. For any given outbreak of an emerging disease, it is therefore possible to state two hypotheses regarding its origin. The novel pathogen hypothesis states that the disease has recently spread into new geographic areas, whereas the endemic pathogen hypothesis suggests that it has been present in the environment but recently has increased in host range or pathogenicity. Distinguishing between these hypotheses is important, because the conservation measures needed to slow or stop the spread of a novel pathogen are likely to differ from those needed to prevent outbreaks of an endemic pathogen. Population genetics may help discriminate among the possible origins of an emerging disease. Current evidence suggests chytridiomycosis may be a novel pathogen being spread worldwide by carriers; until we know how much genetic variation to expect in an endemic strain, however, we cannot yet conclude that B. dendrobatidis is a novel pathogen.

280 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that the Indonesian fires behind the 2013 haze followed a two-month dry spell in a wetter-than-average year, and observations show that extreme air pollution episodes in Southeast Asia are no longer restricted to drought years.
Abstract: Trans-boundary haze events in Southeast Asia are associated with large forest and peatland fires in Indonesia. These episodes of extreme air pollution usually occur during drought years induced by climate anomalies from the Pacific (El Nino Southern Oscillation) and Indian Oceans (Indian Ocean Dipole). However, in June 2013 – a non-drought year – Singapore's 24-hr Pollutants Standards Index reached an all-time record 246 (rated “very unhealthy”). Here, we show using remote sensing, rainfall records and other data, that the Indonesian fires behind the 2013 haze followed a two-month dry spell in a wetter-than-average year. These fires were short-lived (one week) and limited to a localized area in Central Sumatra (1.6% of Indonesia): burning an estimated 163,336 ha, including 137,044 ha (84%) on peat. Most burning was confined to deforested lands (82%; 133,216 ha). The greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during this brief, localized event were considerable: 172 ± 59 Tg CO2-eq (or 31 ± 12 Tg C), representing 5–10% of Indonesia's mean annual GHG emissions for 2000–2005. Our observations show that extreme air pollution episodes in Southeast Asia are no longer restricted to drought years. We expect major haze events to be increasingly frequent because of ongoing deforestation of Indonesian peatlands.

279 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results emphasise the role of coral disturbances and substratum availability in controlling abundance of coral reef benthic algae, in contrast to ‘bottom-up’ and ‘top-down’ views that assume changes in algal abundance are the major cause of changes in coral abundance.
Abstract: The mass bleaching of corals that occurred on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), Australia, in early 1998 was one of the most severe on record. There is surprisingly little known about the fate of bleached corals, which may either regain their zooxanthellae and recover, or may die, in which case they generally become overgrown by algae. The nature and dynamics of this algal overgrowth and its effects on the corals are not well understood. In this study we describe the composition and time-course of algal recruitment on bleached corals, and the possible roles of that recruitment on the fate of the corals, at 2 inshore reefs of the GBR. Massive Porites spp. corals were selected with different degrees of bleaching, and the cover of live coral tissue, and relative abundance and composition of algal recruitment were followed in small plots over 2.5 yr. The bleaching disturbance precipitated a major shift in abundance of corals and algae. All dead corals were colonised by a diverse community of epilithic and endolithic algae, the nature and composition of which was variable and related to the stage of the succession, the severity of bleaching and reef location. Quantitative data on species composition of colonising algae are given, and are apparently the first such data. The epilithic algal assemblage was initially dominated by diatoms and blue-green algae, but rapidly shifted to an assemblage dominated by upright and branched filamentous algae (e.g. Polysiphonia spp., Hincksia mitchelliae, Sphacelaria spp.) and, on 1 reef, fleshy macroalgae (e.g. Asparagopsis taxiformis, Sargassum spp.). Endolithic algal assemblages were largely dominated by the green algae Ostreobium spp. and cyanobacteria. Algal colonisation on clay settlement plates was distinctly different from that on dead coral skeleton. Algal colonisation was not the initial cause of coral tissue mortality, although it may have contributed to the failure of corals to recover after bleaching. The results thus emphasise the role of coral disturbances and substratum availability in controlling abundance of coral reef benthic algae, in contrast to ‘bottom-up’ and ‘top-down’ views that assume changes in algal abundance are the major cause of changes in coral abundance. The considerable variability in the outcome of bleaching damage and algal colonisation demonstrates the potential for major and variable effects on the recovery of coral populations, with implications for the future reef status.

279 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report that the catchment of the world's largest river is experiencing a substantial wetting trend since approximately 1990, which coincides with the onset of an upward trend in tropical Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SST).
Abstract: The Amazon basin hosts half the planet's remaining moist tropical forests, but they may be threatened in a warming world. Nevertheless, climate model predictions vary from rapid drying to modest wetting. Here we report that the catchment of the world's largest river is experiencing a substantial wetting trend since approximately 1990. This intensification of the hydrological cycle is concentrated overwhelmingly in the wet season driving progressively greater differences in Amazon peak and minimum flows. The onset of the trend coincides with the onset of an upward trend in tropical Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SST). This positive longer-term correlation contrasts with the short-term, negative response of basin-wide precipitation to positive anomalies in tropical North Atlantic SST, which are driven by temporary shifts in the intertropical convergence zone position. We propose that the Amazon precipitation changes since 1990 are instead related to increasing atmospheric water vapor import from the warming tropical Atlantic.

278 citations


Authors

Showing all 9184 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Christopher J L Murray209754310329
Hui-Ming Cheng147880111921
Joseph T. Hupp14173182647
Graeme J. Hankey137844143373
Bryan R. Cullen12137150901
Thomas J. Meyer120107868519
William F. Laurance11847056464
Staffan Kjelleberg11442544414
Mike Clarke1131037164328
Gao Qing Lu10854653914
David J. Williams107206062440
Tim J Peters106103747394
Michael E. Goddard10642467681
Ove Hoegh-Guldberg10642563750
John C. Avise10541353088
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202334
2022170
20211,840
20201,737
20191,671
20181,691