Showing papers by "Jawaharlal Nehru University published in 1979"
TL;DR: The techniques of microspores and protoplast regeneration starting from dihaploid Solanum tuberosum plants has been improved to such an extent that the production of more than 2000 microspore derived A1 plant lines and of several hundred protoplasts derived plantlets has become possible.
Abstract: The techniques of microspore and protoplast regeneration starting from dihaploid Solanum tuberosum plants has been improved to such an extent that the production of more than 2000 microspore derived A1 plant lines and of several hundred protoplast derived plantlets has become possible. Further, from the dihaploid Solanum species S. phureja the regeneration of microspores to plants, and from the species S. infundibuliforme, S. sparsipilum and S. tarijense the regeneration of protoplasts to calluses, has been achieved. The plants descending from the two single cell culture systems are compared with reference to phenotypic markers and economic qualities. Some principles characteristic for either microspore or protoplast derived plants are examined and their significance is discussed. The results are compiled into an extended analytical synthetic breeding scheme based on a stepwise reduction of the autotetraploid to the monohaploid level and a subsequent controlled combination to a new synthetic completely heterozygous tetraploid potato.
226 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the chemical quality of Indian rivers has been evaluated based on preliminary investigations, over the period of two years, and the results are compared to theoretical predictions based on water chemistry.
99 citations
TL;DR: In fact, there is a basic logical fallacy underlying this view, consisting in the positing of identical conditions of production for units with differing objectives of production in a situation where they coexist and are linked through markets as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The neo‐populist viewpoint on the agrarian question, developed in Russia from the late 19th century against Marxist theory, enjoys a modified revival in India today. The theoretical core of the neo‐populist framework consists in the idea of an economically undifferentiated, virtually homogeneous peasantry, which shows extreme stability and viability vis a vis the competition of capitalist production; and is of superior efficiency with respect to yield. There is a basic logical fallacy underlying this view, consisting in the positing of identical conditions of production for units with differing objectives of production—’subsistence’ for peasant holdings and ‘profit’ for capitalist holdings—in a situation where they coexist and are linked through markets. In fact capitalist production cannot emerge at all unless it is accompanied by a rise in output and surplus per unit area compared to petty production, which presupposes technical change. The logical necessity of differing conditions of production, implie...
95 citations
42 citations
TL;DR: Sulfur dioxide inhibits photosynthesis by disrupting the photosynthetic mechanism as discussed by the authors, resulting in an excessive loss of water, and acid rain which leaches out nutrients from plant canopy and soil.
Abstract: Plants are sensitive to sulfur dioxide and they are affected by it both directly and indirectly. The direct effects may be acute or chronic, depending on the duration and intensity of the exposure. Sulfur dioxide inhibits photosynthesis by disrupting the photosynthetic mechanism. The opening of the stomata is promoted by sulfur dioxide, resulting in an excessive loss of water. The cumulative effect of sulferous pollution is to reduce the quantity and quality of plant yield. Generally, its impact is more severe when in combination with other pollutants such as oxides of nitrogen, fluorides, and ozone. At the ecosystem level, sulfur dioxide affects species composition by eliminating more sensitive species. This reduces primary productivity and alters trophic relationships which have far‐reaching implications for the animal and microbial populations in the community. Another indirect effect results from the acid rain which leaches out nutrients from plant canopy and soil. The acidic run‐off changes the pH of...
35 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that ammonium mediated stimulation may depend on a regulatory protein(s) synthesized in response to ammonium, whereas sucrose acts mainly by an overall increase in RNA and protein synthesis.
Abstract: In shoot apices of 7-day-old dark-grown peas the addition of ammonium along with the inducer nitrate resulted in a more than two-fold increase in nitrate reductase activity. Individual amino acids, amides and amino-acid mixture could not replace the ammonium effect. Ammonium also stimulated NADH-glutamate dehydrogenase but not glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Sucrose caused a marked stimulation of nitrate reductase induction and showed synergistic effect with light. In presence of cordycepin and cycloheximide, induction of nitrate reductase was inhibited more if ammonium or sucrose was supplied along with the inducer. With actinomycin D, α-amanitin or chloramphenicol, no differential inhibition took place in presence of ammonium. The inhibition of enzyme activity by chloramphenicol and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-l,dimethyl urea was completely relieved by sucrose. Incorporation of 14 C-lysine was markedly stimulated by sucrose, but was not affected by ammonium. The effect of sucrose and light on 14 C-lysine incorporation was additive. Cordycepin and cycloheximide did not have any differential effect on 14 C-lysine incorporation in the presence of ammonium as well as sucrose. The inhibition of 14 C-lysine incorporation caused by chloramphenicol was relieved by sucrose. Sucrose also caused a marked increase in 3 H-uridine incorporation but ammonium had no effect. Actinomycin D and cordycepin blocked the sucrose dependent increase in 3 H-uridine incorporation. The results suggest that ammonium mediated stimulation may depend on a regulatory protein(s) synthesized in response to ammonium, whereas sucrose acts mainly by an overall increase in RNA and protein synthesis. The effect of light does not seem to be dependent on photosynthetic light reactions.
31 citations
TL;DR: Labelling experiments indicated that N-acetylglucosamine first appeared in the cells as pohosphorylated form, consistent with the model of van Steveninck that involves phosphorylation during transpost.
29 citations
TL;DR: The results demonstrate a correlation between ergosterol levels and amino acids uptake and Contrary to various reports, the rate of K+ efflux does not seem to correlate with the amino acid uptake in C. albicans cells.
28 citations
TL;DR: The third world: Concept and controversy as mentioned in this paper is a popular topic in the Third World Quarterly: Vol. 1, No. 3, No 3, pp 119-128, 1979.
Abstract: (1979). The third world: Concept and controversy. Third World Quarterly: Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 119-128.
24 citations
TL;DR: The development of the inducible proline transport system was dependent on concomitant synthesis of RNA and protein and the induction was not affected by glucose or any other carbon sources used.
21 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Results demonstrated that several other lipids besides sterol may also influence the polyene antibiotic sensitivity in C. albicans cells, and suggested a correlation between nystatin sensitivity and ergosterol content of the C.Albican cells.
Abstract: When Candida albicans cells were grown on hydroquinone (Hy cells) or ascorbic acid (As cells) supplemented media, they exhibited a 26% rise and 16% drop in ergosterol content, respectively. C. albicans cells manifested a gradual increase in total lipid levels, when they were grown on n-alkanes of different chain lengths. The magnitude of the nystatin effect (in terms of proline uptake and K+ efflux) was more pronounced in cells having more ergosterol (Hy cells) compared with the cells having low levels of ergosterol (As cells), suggesting a correlation between nystatin sensitivity and ergosterol content of the C. albicans cells. However, such correlation could not be demonstrated in alkane grown cells where levels of different lipids were variable. Results demonstrated that several other lipids besides sterol may also influence the polyene antibiotic sensitivity in C. albicans cells.
TL;DR: Experiments with inhibitors of macromolecule synthesis suggest that the snythesis of RNA and protein is necessary for the induction of these cyzymes whereas the synthesis of DNA is not.
TL;DR: It is proposed that the process of nitrate reduction influences NR synthesis, and exposure to short durations of blue, red and white light caused an increase in the NR synthesis.
Abstract: The relationship between light and NR synthesis was studied in excised wheat leaves. In light, there was a 14 fold increase in the NR level as compared to the dark controls. Sucrose did not have any effect on NR synthesis. In the dark, a significant amount of intracellular nitrate was detected, but there was very little NR activity. Measurement of the decay rates of NR in the dark and light showed that NR activity disappeared faster in light than in the dark. Exposure to short durations of blue, red and white light caused an increase in the NR synthesis. Further, this response was found to be phytochrome controlled. We propose that the process of nitrate reduction influences NR synthesis.
TL;DR: The information content of DNA molecules has been calculated for various organisms using experimentally measured codon frequencies as well as those estimated theoretically, and a direct relationship between the information content and the evolutionary rank of the organism is observed.
TL;DR: Experiments with RNA- and protein-synthesis inhibitors indicate that the appearance of new enzyme activity is dependent on concomitant new protein synthesis and the inducer operates at a transcriptional level.
TL;DR: The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the effects are due to protonic conduction phenomena and the drift mobility of the charge carriers is obtained by measuring I versus V relationships in sandwich samples and relating them to the permitivity of the medium.
Abstract: Photovoltaic effect (infrared and visible light) is observed in bone and its two major components, collagen and apatite, at room temperature. A dimunition in the magnitude of photovoltage is observed after exposure to ultraviolet light in all the cases. The drift mobility of the charge carriers is obtained by measuring I versus V relationships in sandwich samples and relating them to the permitivity of the medium. Lifetime of the injected carriers is measured in the usual way. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the effects are due to protonic conduction phenomena.
TL;DR: In this article, it was argued that this inequality, if adequately understood, would help establish sociological control over numerous other issues concerning the contemporary Indian social structure and that the roots of this inequality have to be located in the colonial experience.
Abstract: It was a sense of puzzlement over contemporary India that led me initially into an interest in inequality, but neither the many excellent analyses of the caste system nor the more recent statements on social stratification aided much in resolving this puzzlement. Slowly I came to believe, first, that this inequality, if adequately understood, would help establish sociological control over numerous other issues concerning the contemporary Indian social structure’ and, second, that the roots of this inequality have to be located in the colonial experience. Here I work through the second proposition. Much of the treatment has to be excessively brief and tentative, but I hope to be able to make amends in the future.
TL;DR: It is concluded that the temperature dependent change in phase of the membrane lipids (solid to liquid crystal state) modifies the state of chlorophyll aggregation.
TL;DR: An enhanced level of nitrate reductase was observed in excised wheat leaves in presence of ammonium and amino acids as compared to that induced by nitrate alone, suggesting that the stimulatory influence is due to an increased synthesis of enzyme.
TL;DR: The rate of development of post-irradiation oxygen-dependent damage when oxygen is available, and its rate of elimination when seeds are first post-hydrated in oxygen-free water prior to their transfer to oxygenated water, was studied in barley seeds.
Abstract: SummaryThe rate of development of post-irradiation oxygen-dependent damage when oxygen is available, and its rate of elimination when seeds are first post-hydrated in oxygen-free water prior to their transfer to oxygenated water, was studied in barley seeds of ∼3 per cent, ∼8 per cent and ∼9 per cent moisture contents at 3°C, 25°C and 37°C. The magnitude of oxic damage at a given dose (35 krad) decreases as the initial seed moisture content increases from ∼3 per cent to ∼9 per cent. Significant (P=0·01) oxic damage is observed in seeds of all the three moisture contents at 3°C and 25°C; however, at 37°C significant (P=0·01) oxic damage is observed only in seeds of ∼3 per cent and ∼8 per cent moisture contents. The magnitude of oxic damage in seeds of a given moisture content remains unaltered following oxygenated post-hydration of seeds at 3°C and 25°C, but it registers a significant (P=0·01) decrease if post-hydration in oxygenated water is carried out at 37°C. The radiation-induced oxygen-sensitive (An)...
TL;DR: Insensitivity of nitrate reductase induction to actinomycin-D and α-amanitin suggests that stable m-RNA for nitrate reducesase is stored in the embryos but is unable to translate during the non-inducible phase.
TL;DR: The "carcinogenic" betel nut and constituents of betel quid were tested for possible mutagenicity in Drosophila and the data on sex-chromosome loss, sex-linked recessive lethals and autosomal translocations suggest lack of mutagicity.
Abstract: The “carcinogenic” betel nut and constituents of betel quid were tested for possible mutagenicity in Drosophila. The test compounds were administered either alone or in combinations by larval feeding. The data on sex-chromosome loss, sex-linked recessive lethals and autosomal translocations suggest lack of mutagenicity.
TL;DR: Dual infections of Glycine max with VA endophytes and Rhizobium increased the number and weight of nodules significantly in natural field soil and obviated the need of phosphate application for successful nodulation.
Abstract: Dual infections ofGlycine max with VA endophytes andRhizobium, compared withRhizobium alone, increased the number and weight of nodules significantly in natural field soil and obviated the need of phosphate application for successful nodulation.
TL;DR: ATP-sulphurylase from an unicellular blue-green alga, Spirulina platensis was localized in the soluble fractions of cell-free homogenate, and it was stable for over 3 weeks at −6°C.
Abstract: ATP-sulphurylase from an unicellular blue-green alga,Spirulina platensis was localized in the soluble fractions of cell-free homogenate, and it was stable for over 3 weeks at −6°C.
01 Apr 1979
TL;DR: Quantitative changes in DNA, RNA and protein during the entire developmental period—including embryogenesis, larval and pupal stages — in the house-fly were determined, indicating the utility of energy reserves during embryonic development.
Abstract: Quantitative changes in DNA, RNA and protein during the entire developmental period—including embryogenesis, larval and pupal stages — in the house-fly were determined. The development of housefly from egg to adult takes around 8·5 days at 35 ± 1° C. During the course of embryonic development toal RNA and protein decreased. On the other hand, total DNA increased and registered peak value in 4 hr old eggs. The calorific content of the developing eggs showed a decrease from 5649 cal/g dry weight to 5361 cal/g dry weight indicating the utility of energy reserves during embryonic development. Matured larvae registered high calorific content (6260 cal/g dry weight).
DOI•
01 Mar 1979TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the magnitude and direction of channel changes during the 1935-1975 period and showed that the main multiple channel river Ganga is under the huge hydrostatic thrust to be shifted towards south of its basin annually at a very high rate of 100 meters per year all along the course except at its upstream near Ghazipur and at Monghyr where the shifting is towards north.
Abstract: The mapability of Landsat images has opened up a new potentiality for study of channel pattern changes which was earlier not so easy due to nonavailability of suitable evidences at different timespans. Middle Ganga plain covering largely the northern part of Bihar and parts of eastern Uttar Pradesh is in a slate of perpetual flux due to large scale channel migration and avulsion resulting in devastating floods. Mosaic of three Landsat images has helped to study the channel changes which have occurred since 1935. The course of the river Ganga has beeh digitised along a basal line and two dimensional coordinates are taken at as many as more than fifty sample points for studying the magnitude and direction of channel changes during 1935–1975 period. The analysis shows that the main multiple channel river Ganga is under the huge hydrostatic thrust to be shifted towards south of its basin annually at a very high rate of 100 Meter per year all along the course except at its upstream near Ghazipur and at Monghyr where the shifting is towards north. The northward bend at Monghyr may be due to the presence of the Precambrian outliers here. For the multi-and single channelld tributaries of Ganga in channel behaviour is mainly in three directions—the lower water channels in the floodplain of Ganga are shifting to the south in conformity with that of their parent stream, the tributaries in Gogra-Gandak doab are shifting towards east but the shifting of the Kosi-Mahananda group of tributaries in the eastern part of the basin is towards west These channel pattern changes thus known at the interregional scale from the Landsat images may further be integrated with the study in hydrogeomorphology and their pertinent environmental impact.
TL;DR: Drosophila melanogaster; 24, 48, 72, and 96-h-old female flies, in general, show a higher recovery (increase in life-span) following dose-fractionation as compared to the males of the respective age.
Abstract: The sparing effect of dose-fractionation was observed in adult male and femaleDrosophila melanogaster; 24-, 48-, 72-, and 96-h-old female flies, in general, show a higher recovery (increase in life-span) following dose-fractionation as compared to the males of the respective age. Recovery in 72-h-old females is maximal (31% increase in life-span) as against only 12% increase in the life span of the males.