Jawaharlal Nehru University

About: Jawaharlal Nehru University is a education organization based out in New Delhi, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Candida albicans. The organization has 6082 authors who have published 13455 publications receiving 245407 citations. The organization is also known as: JNU.

Proteomic analysis of heparin-binding proteins from human seminal plasma: a step towards identification of molecular markers of male fertility.

Abstract: Glycosaminoglycans, especially heparin, are involved in various cell processes such as apoptosis, cell cycle control, platelet activation, capacitation, acrosome reaction and sperm decondensation. Heparin-binding proteins (HBPs) are essential constituents of human seminal fluid, which bind to sperm lipids containing the phosphorylcholine group and mediate the fertilization process. We utilized a proteomic set-up consisting of affinity chromatography, isoelectric focusing (IEF) coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF/MS) for protein analysis of human HBPs. We resolved 70 different spots on two-dimensional (2-D) gel and subsequently identified these proteins. Forty different types of proteins were identified. Functional analysis revealed that 38% of the proteins belonged to the enzyme category, 20% were involved in RNA processing and transcription, 18% in structure and transport function, and 16% in cell recognition and signal transduction. We also identified 8% of proteins with unknown functions, although their expression in seminal fluid has been documented. Proteins of seminal fluid that bind heparin may be directly involved in sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction (AR), which are the two critical steps for fertilization. This information on HBPs would be useful for identifying potential biomarkers of fertility in the near future.

Nonstandard interactions and resolving the ordering of neutrino masses at DUNE and other long baseline experiments

Abstract: In the era of precision neutrino physics, we study the influence of nonstandard interactions (NSI) of matter on the question of neutrino mass ordering and its resolution. At long-baseline experiments, since matter effects play a crucial role in addressing this very important question, it is timely to investigate how subleading effects due to NSI may affect and drastically alter inferences pertaining to this question. We demonstrate that the sensitivity to mass ordering gets significantly impacted due to NSI effects for various long-baseline experiments, including the upcoming long-baseline experiment Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). Finally, we draw a comparison between DUNE and the sensitivities offered by two of the current neutrino beam experiments, NOvA and T2K.

Characteristic distributions of finite-time Lyapunov exponents.

Abstract: We study the probability densities of finite-time or local Lyapunov exponents in low-dimensional chaotic systems. While the multifractal formalism describes how these densities behave in the asymptotic or long-time limit, there are significant finite-size corrections, which are coordinate dependent. Depending on the nature of the dynamical state, the distribution of local Lyapunov exponents has a characteristic shape. For intermittent dynamics, and at crises, dynamical correlations lead to distributions with stretched exponential tails, while for fully developed chaos the probability density has a cusp. Exact results are presented for the logistic map, $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{x}4x(1\ensuremath{-}x).$ At intermittency the density is markedly asymmetric, while for ``typical'' chaos, it is known that the central limit theorem obtains and a Gaussian density results. Local analysis provides information on the variation of predictability on dynamical attractors. These densities, which are used to characterize the nonuniform spatial organization on chaotic attractors, are robust to noise and can, therefore, be measured from experimental data.