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Institution

Jawaharlal Nehru University

EducationNew Delhi, India
About: Jawaharlal Nehru University is a education organization based out in New Delhi, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Candida albicans. The organization has 6082 authors who have published 13455 publications receiving 245407 citations. The organization is also known as: JNU.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work proposes a recommender system framework utilizing both local and global similarities, taking into account not only the overall sparsity in the rating data, but also sparsity at the user-item level, and proposes an automatic scheme for weighting the various sparsity measures through evolutionary approach to obtain a unified measure of sparsity (UMS).
Abstract: Collaborative filtering is a popular recommendation technique, which suggests items to users by exploiting past user-item interactions involving affinities between pairs of users or items. In spite of their huge success they suffer from a range of problems, the most fundamental being that of data sparsity. When the rating matrix is sparse, local similarity measures yield a poor neighborhood set thus affecting the recommendation quality. In such cases global similarity measures can be used to enrich the neighborhood set by considering transitive relationships among users even in the absence of any common experiences. In this work we propose a recommender system framework utilizing both local and global similarities, taking into account not only the overall sparsity in the rating data, but also sparsity at the user-item level. Several schemes are proposed, based on various sparsity measures pertaining to the active user, for the estimation of the parameter α, that allows the variation of the importance given to the global user similarity with regards to local user similarity. Furthermore, we propose an automatic scheme for weighting the various sparsity measures, through evolutionary approach, to obtain a unified measure of sparsity (UMS). In order to take maximum possible advantage of the various sparsity measures relating to an active user, a scheme based on the UMS is suggested for estimating α. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed estimates of α, markedly, outperform the schemes for which α is kept constant across all predictions (fixed-α schemes), on accuracy of predicted ratings.

145 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that an important aspect to encounters between GIMs and mainstream STI institutions is the negotiation of different framings of grassroots innovation and development of policy models for inclusive innovation.
Abstract: Grassroots innovation movements (GIMs) can be regarded as initiators or advocates of alternative pathways of innovation Sometimes these movements engage with more established science, technology and innovation (STI) institutions and development agencies in pursuit of their goals In this paper, we argue that an important aspect to encounters between GIMs and mainstream STI institutions is the negotiation of different framings of grassroots innovation and development of policy models for inclusive innovation These encounters can result in two different modes of engagement by GIMs; what we call insertion and mobilization We illustrate and discuss these interrelated notions of framings and modes of engagement by drawing on three case studies of GIMs: the Social Technologies Network in Brazil, and the Honey Bee Network and People's Science Movements in India The cases highlight that inclusion in the context of GIMs is not an unproblematic, smooth endeavour, and involves diverse interpretations and framing

145 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The study identifies miRNAs that are differentially regulated in normal PBMC with respect to cancer cells, K562 and HL60 and provides a customized automated computation pipeline for miRNA profiling and identification of novel mi RNAs; even those that are missed out by other existing pipelines.
Abstract: MicroRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate mRNA expression at the post - transcriptional level and thereby many fundamental biological processes. A number of methods, such as multiplex polymerase chain reaction, microarrays have been developed for profiling levels of known miRNAs. These methods lack the ability to identify novel miRNAs and accurately determine expression at a range of concentrations. Deep or massively parallel sequencing methods are providing suitable platforms for genome wide transcriptome analysis and have the ability to identify novel transcripts. The results of analysis of small RNA sequences obtained by Solexa technology of normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells, tumor cell lines K562 and HL60 are presented. In general K562 cells displayed overall low level of miRNA population and also low levels of DICER. Some of the highly expressed miRNAs in the leukocytes include several members of the let-7 family, miR-21, 103, 185, 191 and 320a. Comparison of the miRNA profiles of normal versus K562 or HL60 cells revealed a specific set of differentially expressed molecules. Correlation of the miRNA with that of mRNA expression profiles, obtained by microarray, revealed a set of target genes showing inverse correlation with miRNA levels. Relative expression levels of individual miRNAs belonging to a cluster were found to be highly variable. Our computational pipeline also predicted a number of novel miRNAs. Some of the predictions were validated by Real-time RT-PCR and or RNase protection assay. Organization of some of the novel miRNAs in human genome suggests that these may also be part of existing clusters or form new clusters. We conclude that about 904 miRNAs are expressed in human leukocytes. Out of these 370 are novel miRNAs. We have identified miRNAs that are differentially regulated in normal PBMC with respect to cancer cells, K562 and HL60. Our results suggest that post - transcriptional processes may play a significant role in regulating levels of miRNAs in tumor cells. The study also provides a customized automated computation pipeline for miRNA profiling and identification of novel miRNAs; even those that are missed out by other existing pipelines. The Computational Pipeline is available at the website: http://mirna.jnu.ac.in/deep_sequencing/deep_sequencing.html

145 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Biofilm-associated Candida show uniform resistance to a wide spectrum of antifungal drugs and a combination of different resistance mechanisms is responsible for drug resistance in clinical isolates of Candida species.
Abstract: Pathogenic yeasts from the genus Candida can cause serious infection in humans particularly, in immunocompromised patients and are now recognized as major agents of hospital acquired (nosocomial) infections. In the recent years, there has been a marked increase in the incidence of treatment failures in candidiasis patients receiving long-term antifungal therapy, which has posed a serious problem in its successful use in chemotherapy. Candida cells acquire drug resistance (MDR) during the course of the treatment. The mechanisms of resistance to azole antifungal agents have been elucidated in Candida species and can be mainly categorized as (i) changes in the cell wall or plasma membrane, which lead to impaired drug (azole) uptake; (ii) alterations in the affinity of the drug target Erg11p (lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase) especially to azoles or in the cellular content of Erg11p due to target site mutation or overexpression of the ERG11 gene; and (iii) the efflux of drugs mediated by membrane transport proteins belonging to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, namely CDR1 and CDR2 or to the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporter, CaMDR1. Many such manifestations are associated with the formation of Candida biofilms including those occurring on devices like indwelling intravascular catheters. Biofilm-associated Candida show uniform resistance to a wide spectrum of antifungal drugs. A combination of different resistance mechanisms is responsible for drug resistance in clinical isolates of Candida species.

145 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a study with the objective of identifying the hydro-geochemical processes and their relation with existing quality of groundwater was carried out in an intensively cultivated district of Punjab, India using conventional graphical plots and multivariate analysis of the hydrochemical data to define the geochemical evaluation of aquifer system based on the ionic constituents, water types, hydrochemical facies and factors controlling groundwater quality.
Abstract: Understanding the hydrogeochemical processes that govern groundwater quality is important for sustainable management of the water resource A study with the objective of identifying the hydro-geochemical processes and their relation with existing quality of groundwater was carried out in an intensively cultivated district of Punjab, India The study approach includes conventional graphical plots and multivariate analysis of the hydrochemical data to define the geochemical evaluation of aquifer system based on the ionic constituents, water types, hydrochemical facies and factors controlling groundwater quality The results suggest that different natural hydrogeochemical processes like simple dissolution, mixing, weathering of carbonate minerals locally known as “kankar” silicate weathering and ion exchange are the key factors in the pre-monsoon, which was superseded by leaching processes loaded with anthropogenic inputs in the post-monsoon Limited reverse ion exchange has been noticed at few locations of the study area especially in pre-monsoon periods There was a significant effect of monsoon observed in terms of hardness and the significant amount of area with temporary hardness (Ca2+–Mg2+–HCO3- type) in the pre-monsoon switched to permanent hardness domain, ie (Ca2+–Mg2+–Cl− type) by the post-monsoon At most, factor analyses substantiate the findings of conventional graphical plots and provide greater confidence in data-interpretation Thus, the study highlights the descriptive capabilities of conventional and multivariate techniques as effective tools in groundwater evaluation

145 citations


Authors

Showing all 6255 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Ashok Kumar1515654164086
Rajesh Kumar1494439140830
Sanjay Gupta9990235039
Rakesh Kumar91195939017
Praveen Kumar88133935718
Rajendra Prasad8694529526
Mukesh K. Jain8553927485
Shiv Kumar Sarin8474028368
Gaurav Sharma82124431482
Santosh Kumar80119629391
Dinesh Mohan7928335775
Govindjee7642621800
Dipak K. Das7532717708
Amit Verma7049716162
Manoj Kumar6540816838
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202385
2022314
20211,314
20201,240
20191,066
20181,012