Showing papers by "Jaypee Institute of Information Technology published in 2009"

Face recognition using principle component analysis, eigenface and neural network

Abstract: Face is a complex multidimensional visual model and developing a computational model for face recognition is difficult. The paper presents a methodology for face recognition based on information theory approach of coding and decoding the face image. Proposed methodology is connection of two stages - Feature extraction using principle component analysis and recognition using the feed forward back propagation Neural Network. The algorithm has been tested on 400 images (40 classes). A recognition score for test lot is calculated by considering almost all the variants of feature extraction. The proposed methods were tested on Olivetti and Oracle Research Laboratory (ORL) face database. Test results gave a recognition rate of 97.018%.

High GC content: critical parameter for predicting stress regulated miRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Abstract: Plants like Arabidopsis thaliana are convenient model systems to study fundamental questions related to regulation of the stress transcriptome in response to stress challenges. Microarray results of the Arabidopsis transcriptome indicate that several genes could be upregulated during multiple stresses. High-salinity, drought, and low temperature are three common environmental stress factors that seriously influence plant growth and development worldwide. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a class of gene expression regulators that have also been linked to stress responses. However, the relationship between miRNA expression and stress responses is just beginning to be explored. Here we have computationally analyzed 123 non redundant miRNA sequences reported for Arabidopsis thaliana, including 17 miRNA sequences which were reported to be stress regulated in literature. A significant increase in the GC content of stress regulated miRNA sequences was observed which further extends the view that miRNAs act as ubiquitous regulators under stress conditions. GC content may also be considered as a critical parameter for predicting stress regulated miRNAs in plants like Arabidopsis thaliana.

Analytical Model for Optimum Signal Integrity in PCB Interconnects Using Ground Tracks

Abstract: In this paper, we present analytical models for line impedance and the coupling coefficient in the presence of additional ground tracks. We use a variational analysis combined with the transverse transmission-line technique to model interconnect lines guarded by ground tracks. Using the proposed model, it would be possible for designers to reduce crosstalk in coupled lines and obtain desired line impedance, thereby ensuring optimum signal integrity. The results obtained are verified by full-wave simulations and measurements performed on a vector network analyzer. The proposed model may find applications in the design and analysis of high-speed interconnects.

Elastic-plastic Transition of Transversely Isotropic Thick-walled Rotating Cylinder under Internal Pressure

Abstract: Elastic-plastic stresses for a transversely isotropic thick-walled rotating cylinder under internal pressure have been obtained by using Seth’s transition theory. It has been observed that a thick-walled circular cylinder made of isotropic material yields at the internal surface at a high pressure as compared to cylinder made of transversely isotropic material. With the increase in angular speed, much less pressure is required for initial yielding at the internal surface for transversely isotropic material as compared to isotropic material. For fullyplastic state, circumferential stress is maximum at the external surface. Thick-walled circular cylinder made of transversely isotropic material requires high percentage increase in pressure to become fully plastic as compared to isotropic cylinder. Therefore, circular cylinder made of transversely isotropic material is on the safer side of the design as compared to cylinder made of isotropic material. Defence Science Journal, 2009, 59(3), pp.260-264 , DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.59.1519

Dispersion of Electromagnetic Waves Guided by an Open Tape Helix I

Abstract: The dispersion equation for electromagnetic waves guided by an open tape helix for the standard model of an inflnitesimally thin and perfectly conducting tape is derived from an exact solution of a homogeneous boundary value problem for Maxwell's equations. A numerical analysis of the dispersion equation reveals that the tape current density component perpendicular to the winding direction does not afiect the dispersion characteristic to any signiflcant extent. In fact, there is a signiflcant deviation from the dominant-mode sheath- helix dispersion curve only in the third allowed region and towards the end of the second allowed region. It may be concluded that the anisotropically conducting model of the tape helix that neglects the above transverse-current contribution is a good approximation to the isotropically conducting model that takes into account this contribution except at high frequencies even for wide tapes.

SEU MITIGATION-using 1/3 rate convolution coding

Abstract: With the new emerging fabrication technology there has been scaling of components size, leading to reduction in the physical size of devices. This increases the frequency of radiation induced temporary faults also called soft errors, which corrupts the content of the memory system. This paper proposes a new technique to protect the data from these soft errors which occurs in form of bit flips in the memory. The technique introduced is based on simple convolution codes and is proven to give good performance.

Extended-Sakurai-Newton MOSFET Model for Ultra-Deep-Submicrometer CMOS Digital Design

Abstract: In this paper an extension of the Sakurai and Newton's Nth power law model, namely Extended-Sakurai-Newton Model, is proposed. The proposed model (henceforth referred to as the ESN model) preserves the simplicity and accuracy of the Sakurai Newton model for the estimation of drain current in deep submicron CMOS devices and extends it for varying device widths. Although the Modified Sakurai-Newton Current Model (MSN Model) also provides an estimation of transistor drain current with varying transistor widths, it suffers from the drawback of being more error prone and computation intensive in parameter extraction. The proposed model matches with BSIM3v3 level 49 T-SPICE simulations to within an error of 1.8%(3.67% maximum), in 0.18µm and 0.25µm CMOS processes for a wide range of transistor widths and input rise/fall times. The proposed model is further used to improve the Elmore Delay prediction of CMOS inverter operated at low supply voltages. The centroid-of-current and power based delay metrics [1] are modified based on the proposed model. The new delay metric is able to accurately predict the delay of CMOS inverter operated at low supply voltages. The proposed ESN Model is also applied to predict the delay of two-input CMOS NAND gate. Hence the proposed model can be effectively used in the design of digital CMOS gates involving varying device widths and supply voltages in the deep submicron region.

A speed based adaptive algorithm for reducing paging cost in cellular networks

Abstract: Location update and paging are important parts of location management of cellular network. This paper deals with a new algorithm to reduce paging cost using speed adaptive strategy. The proposed algorithm uses speed distribution and random walk model to develop look-up tables for mobile terminal. These tables are used to find out subarea size to be paged. Paging area is further reduced by introduction of 120 degree paging zones. A paging agent is used to store previous VLR address and helps to find out optimal paging zone. The proposed algorithm is capable of reducing the paging cost approximately by a factor of two for maximum subarea area size 6 i.e. approximately half of the cells are required to be paged.

Electron energy enhancement by a circularly polarized laser pulse in vacuum

Abstract: Energy enhancement by a circularly polarized laser pulse during acceleration of the electrons by a Gaussian laser pulse has been investigated. The electrons close to the temporal peak of the laser pulse show strong initial phase dependence for a linearly polarized laser pulse. The energy gained by the electrons close to the rising edge of the pulse does not show initial phase dependence for either linearly- or circularly-polarized laser pulse. The maximum energy of the electrons gets enhanced for a circularly polarized in comparison to a linearly polarized laser pulse due to axial symmetry of the circularly polarized pulse. The variation of electron energy with laser spot size, laser intensity, initial electron energy, and initial phase has been studied.

Role and Importance of Training Climate for Effective Training Programs

Abstract: It is widely recognized that training has to come out of its traditional dormant state to the main stream of corporate functioning and contribute proactively towards attainment of organizational objectives. However, this long overdue importance will be short-lived if training professionals do not show commitment towards enhancing value of training. The process of training delivery is mediated by pre and post delivery factors which have an influence in constructing favorable or unfavorable training climate. This paper addresses the all important issue of training climate and the role played by various stakeholders in developing this. The theoretical model and assumptions are substantiated through case examples.

Thermo Creep Transition in Non-homogeneous Thick-walled Rotating Cylinders

Abstract: Creep stresses have been derived using transition theory . The results for the combined effects of angular speed and temperature are calculated and depicted graphically. It has been observed that a cylinder made of less compressible material at the internal surface and highly compressible at the outer surface is on the safer side of the design for different values of N , W 2 and temperature as compared to highly compressible material at the internal surface and less compressible at the outer surface. Defence Science Journal, 2009, 59(1), pp.30-36 , DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.59.1481

Biogas as future prospect for energy dependency and rural prosperity in India: Statistical analysis and economic impact

Abstract: In this paper we are discussing the prospect of biogas in eradicating various problem in a developing country like India, its impact on environment, society etc. We will show that India can be a great market for its production. We will show that its production on mass scale will have a significant impact on rural prosperity and energy dependency of India.

A novel watermarking scheme for JPEG images

Abstract: Image watermarking with both insensible detection and high robustness capabilities is still a challenging problem. Even if some of the watermarking areas involve huge financial implication, there are relatively fewer efforts presented, which primarily focus the sustainability against some attacks, which are specific to financial application area particularly. One of such application area is "Fingerprinting" and a major threat for this area is "Collusion Attack". This paper presents an inherently collusion attack resistant (ICAR) scheme for hiding a logo-based watermark in JPEG images. This scheme is based on averaging of low and middle frequency coefficients of block Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) coefficients of an image. Experimental results show the robustness of the proposed scheme against the JPEG compression and other common image manipulations.

Topical web crawling using weighted anchor text and web page change detection techniques

Abstract: In this paper, we discuss about the focused web crawler and relevance of anchor text as well as method for web page change detection for search engine. We have proposed a technique called weighted anchor text which uses the link structure to form the weighted directed graph of anchor texts. These weights are further used for deciding the relevance of the web pages as the indexing of these pages is done in the decreasing order of weights assigned to them. Weights are assigned for every incoming link for a node of the directed graph. We applied our algorithm on various websites and observed the results. We deduce that the algorithm can be very useful when incorporated with other existing algorithms. As Web usage has increased exponentially in the past few years. This collection of enormous web pages is highly changing and web pages show a rapid change, the degree of which varies from site to site. We discuss the relevance of change detection and then move on to explore the related work in the area. Based on this understanding we propose a new algorithm to map changes in a web page. After verifying results on various web pages we observe the relative merits of the proposed algorithm.

A Novel Bit Error Rate Analysis and Improved ICI Reduction Method in OFDM Communication Systems

Abstract: In this paper, we have proposed a novel method for the bit error rate (BER) analysis with frequency offset and improved inter-carrier-interference (ICI) reduction in the OFDM digital communication system. We also analyze the sub-carrier index before and after cancellation of the frequency offset and discuss the carrier-to-interference ratio (CIR). The results of the present analysis are compared with the others reported literatures.

Feature selection for siRNA efficacy prediction using natural computation

Abstract: RNAi is a naturally occurring, highly conserved phenomenon of RNA mediated gene silencing among the multicellular organisms Currently, RNAi has been successfully applied in functional genomics, therapeutics and new drug target identification in mammals and other eukaryotes The uniqueness lies in sequence specific gene knock down which made RNAi an indispensible technology

CDMA based Anti-Collision Deterministic Algorithm for RFID Tags

Abstract: Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems have emerged as popular and affordable solution for object identification in the recent years. One of the significant performance issues in these systems is to resolve the RFID Tag collision .Tag Collision happens when more than one tag reflect back a signal at the same time confusing the RFID reader. This collision disturbs the reader’s identification process. This paper presents a novel anticollision deterministic algorithm with a unique CDMA based data coding encryption scheme to resolve the anticollision problem for passive RFID Tags.

Video matting by automatic scribbling using Quadra directional filling of segmented frames

Abstract: Video matting is defined as the process of changing the background of the video by extracting the foreground image from each frame of a video. In this paper, we propose a video matting technique which uses Ncut segmentation technique to segment the frames. Further, Sobel edge detection technique is used on the segmented frames for detecting edges. Afterwards, Edge thickening process fills up all the gaps in between the edges and Quadra directional filling method generates the probability maps (PMs). The frames are scribbled with reference to the constructed PMs. Scribbled frame and the original frame along with a new background image are then fed to closed form matting technique which gives the frame with the changed background.

Automated segmentation of gallstones in ultrasound images

Abstract: Gallstones are solid particles formed from bile in the gall bladder. In this paper, we propose a technique to automatically detect Gallstones in ultrasound images, christened as, Automated Gallstone Segmentation (AGS) Technique. Speckle Noise in the ultrasound image is first suppressed using Anisotropic Diffusion Technique. The edges are then enhanced using Unsharp Filtering. NCUT Segmentation Technique is then put to use to segment the image. Afterwards, edges are detected using Sobel Edge Detection. Further, Edge Thickening Process is used to smoothen the edges and probability maps are generated using Floodfill Technique. Then, the image is scribbled using Automatic Scribbling Technique. Finally, we get the segmented gallstone within the gallbladder using the Closed Form Matting Technique.

Impact of magnetic phase coexistence on magnetotransport in polycrystalline Nd0.51Sr0.49MnO3 thin film

Abstract: We report the magnetic and transport properties of Nd0.51Sr0.49MnO3 polycrystalline thin films (thickness ~ 100?nm) prepared by dc magnetron sputtering on single crystal Y-stabilized ZrO2(1?0?0) substrates. The paramagnetic (PM) to ferromagnetic (FM) transition at TC = 260?K is followed by A-type antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering at and charge ordered (CO) phase having the CE type spin order at . The strong CO-AFM transition observed at TCO ~ 150?K at half doping is softened by a small increase in the Nd concentration and the disorder due to the polycrystalline nature of these films. The multiple magnetic transitions are suggestive of strong phase coexistence. In this study the insulator-like to metal-like transition temperature TIM ~ 140?K is considerably lower than the TC and remains independent of the external magnetic field up to 70?kOe. This suggests that electrical transport is dominated by grain boundaries and has percolation type characteristics due to the existence of metallic (FM + A-AFM) and insulating (CO-AFM + GB) paths. The films show large magnetoresistance at low as well as high magnetic fields.

Internet Mavens in India

Abstract: Internet penetration is growing dramatically in the emerging economy of India. Between 2000 and 2007, India’s Internet penetration grew by 700%. Still, it remains at an estimated 3% (Sinha, 2007). Although the overall penetration rate in the country remains small, Indian e-commerce, which reached $130 million USD in 2004–2005 was predicted to quadruple in the following three years (Internet & Online Association of India, 2005). With the overall Indian retail market expected to increase by almost 90% by 2012 (Krishnamurthy, 2008) it follows that the potential and ultimate growth of e-commerce in the sub-continent should be significant. Reflecting on a 27% increase in Indian users on the Internet between May 2007 and May 2008, Jack Flanagan, Executive Vice President of comScore, a global Internet information provider, commented, “India truly represents one of the most promising emerging Internet markets, given both the size and technological sophistication of the population” (comScore, 2008).

Automatic extraction of events from Textual Requirements specification

Abstract: Events give important information about the behavior of a system in a summarized form. In the past, events have played an important role in breaking the functional requirements of the system in the “Event Partitioning Approach”. Our previous work has shown that Events can be a starting point in Object-Oriented Analysis of requirements. Every event triggers a Use Case in the system, hence should get a priority in identifying and analyzing requirements over Use Cases. In any system there is plethora of events happening, some are important to be recorded, while others are to be ignored. Moreover, there are various perspectives to define events. Thus, it becomes important to have an automated process that could help not only in extracting events but also analyze and classify them into various types. A study on various existing event extraction tools shows that they are either domain specific or take events as actions that occur at a particular time. There is no tool which extracts events that represent system behavior and at the same time gives a result that can be reused for application in multiple domains. This paper presents, a domain independent tool, developed in JAVA that automates the process of Extraction, Analysis and Classification of Events from Textual Requirements expressed in English as a Natural Language. This tool also assists the analysts in further refining identified events and to add some new events in the application domain. Tool has been tested on several case studies from different domains and has given very promising results.

E-XTRACT: A Tool for Extraction, Analysis and Classification of Events from Textual Requirements

Abstract: This paper presents, a domain independent tool, developed in JAVA that automates the process of extraction, analysis and classification of events from textual requirements, expressed in English as a Natural Language. A study on various existing event extraction tools shows that they are either domain specific or take events as actions that occur at a particular time. There is no tool which extracts events that represent system behavior and at the same time gives a result that can be reused for application in multiple domains. This tool also assists the analysts in further refining events that are identified or to add some new events relevant to application domain. Tool has been tested on several case studies from different domains and has given very promising results.

Analytical modelling of microstrip-like interconnections in presence of ground plane aperture

Abstract: High-speed multichip module interconnects are characterised by planar transmission lines. An interconnect line with ground plane aperture is essentially a microstrip line with partially removed ground plane below the line. The authors report the closed-form analytical expressions for line capacitance and characteristic impedance of microstrip interconnect line with a ground plane aperture. The expressions have been obtained using variational analysis combined with transverse transmission line technique. The closed-form expressions are general and are obtained for a range of structure parameters and the dielectric constants. Results are compared with finite-difference time-domain simulations and measurements performed on a vector network analyser. The proposed study can find applications in the design of high-speed interconnects for printed circuit boards, radio frequency (RF) and multichip module applications. These are particularly useful where high impedance lines are required.

Designing Rule Base for Genetic Feedback Algorithm Based Network Security Policy Framework Using State Machine

Abstract: A genetic algorithm based policy management system judges the validity of network events according to the rules defined in the rule base These rules are either IP addresses or combination of IP address and some other parameters, such as port numbers etc This paper discusses the design and benefits of rule base which is based on Finite State Machines Since whenever a new network event comes, the process of judging the event should be less time consuming This could be done by making the rule base efficient in terms of searching of rules One of the way of doing so is using FSM’s For a table having 2^32 (approx) entries, the searching time for a FSM based system is calculated mathematically to be 2^10 (approx), and the time complexity for same number of entries for a linear searching system will be 2^32 (approx) In this paper a brief overview of Finite State Machines is presented The proposed design of Rule Base is discussed in detail with its advantages