Showing papers by "Jewish Hospital published in 1982"
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TL;DR: Findings help illuminate some of the deleterious effects that platelet-activating factor elicits in anaphylactic reactions and possibly in other forms of lung injury.
Abstract: Platelet-activating factor caused rapid pulmonary vasoconstriction and edema in isolated lungs perfused with albumin-free salt solution devoid of formed blood elements. These effects may be due in part to the action of leukotrienes D4 and C4, which were identified by bioassay and high-pressure liquid chromatography in the lung effluent after stimulation by platelet-activating factor. These findings help illuminate some of the deleterious effects that platelet-activating factor elicits in anaphylactic reactions and possibly in other forms of lung injury.
294 citations
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TL;DR: The data collected thus far suggest that children who have their food sensitivity diagnosed at older ages tend to outgrow the problem, even in subjects who could consume the sensitizing food without symptoms.
Abstract: The natural history of food sensitivity has long been the subject of anecdotes about children "outgrowing" their problem, but prospective systematic studies are not easily found that document these opinions. Children who had had adverse reactions to foods during double-blind food challenges 1 to 7 yr prior to this study were evaluated. In children over 3 yr of age, 19% of the previously positive food challenges were negative at the time of the follow-up; in children 3 yr of age or younger, 44% of the food challenges that had been positive were negative. The data collected thus far suggest that children who have their food sensitivity diagnosed at older ages tend not to outgrow the problem. Skin testing was performed over a period of years on some of the subjects, and skin sensitization was found to be markedly persistent, even in subjects who could consume the sensitizing food without symptoms.
239 citations
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01 Jan 1982TL;DR: It should be self-evident that experimental animal and human field studies must interdigitate if any conclusions are to be reached before the end of the present interglacial period.
Abstract: Other contributors to this volume have described intriguing evidence about possible biological substrata for attachment and affiliative behaviors. Such evidence suffers from being of necessity correlational. A statement of John Dobbing’s (1968) in reference to research on the behavioral effects of malnutrition is applicable here:
Even the most sophisticated multifactorial analysis is no substitute for the experimental testing of hypotheses, and this can only be done with animals. It should be self-evident that experimental animal and human field studies must interdigitate if any conclusions are to be reached before the end of the present interglacial period. (p. 294)
190 citations
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TL;DR: Bone biopsy, necessary to identify the histologic lesion and assess skeletal dynamics, may prove to be important for optimal therapy of osteoporosis, as a variety of agents--with different effects on bone remodeling--are available.
174 citations
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TL;DR: Fragments of C5 that are generated at, or administered to, extravascular sites in the pulmonary parenchyma induced neutrophil infiltration, edema, tissue damage, and a complete inflammatory response, while the combination of short episode of hypoxemia with the intravascular C5 activation led significant increases in pulmonary vascular permeability, mild endothelial alterations, and emigration of neutrophils.
Abstract: Fragments of C5 that are generated at, or administered to, extravascular sites in the pulmonary parenchyma induced neutrophil infiltration, edema, tissue damage, and a complete inflammatory response. Generation of C5 fragments within the vascular system induced leukocyte sequestration in the pulmonary vasculature, but without detectable increased vascular permeability or neutrophil migration. By contrast, the combination of short episode of hypoxemia with the intravascular C5 activation led significant increases in pulmonary vascular permeability, mild endothelial alterations, and emigration of neutrophils. Infusion of 10 micrograms PGE2 into animals in which intravascular complement had been activated produced changes in the lungs that were similar to, though less severe than, the combination of hypoxia and complement activation.
132 citations
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TL;DR: The data confirm the osteoblast-like nature of the isolated cell populations and demonstrate that these cells retain their differentiated function in culture.
Abstract: Osteoblast-like and osteoclast-like cells freed from neonatal calvaria by sequential enzymatic digestion after 6-7 days in culture were placed in diffusion chambers and implanted in the peritoneal cavities of CD-1 mice. About half of the chambers also contained a dead calvarium to test for the need of an "inducer." After 20 days, 11 of 18 chambers containing to osteoblast-like cells formed large foci of mineralized bone that corresponded to alkaline phosphatase activity throughout the chambers. Moreover, only type I (i.e., bone) collagen was formed. Occasional deposits of bone were found in only 3 of 22 chambers containing the osteoclast-like cells. The presence of dead bone did not affect any of the results. These data confirm the osteoblast-like nature of the isolated cell populations and demonstrate that these cells retain their differentiated function in culture.
80 citations
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TL;DR: Measurements of serum vitamin D metabolites, calcium and phosphorus as well as measurements of the equilibrium dissociation constant for duodenal 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor in 15-, 18, 19, and 20-day chick embryos in comparison to that in 1- and 118-day-old chicks and to vitamin D-deficient chicks showed that levels rise from 15 and 18 to days 19 and 20 of embryonic development while serum phosphate levels are stable.
Abstract: This study presents measurements of serum vitamin D metabolites, calcium and phosphorus as well as measurements of the equilibrium dissociation constant for duodenal 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor in 15-, 18-, 19-, and 20-day chick embryos in comparison to that in 1- and 118-day-old chicks and to vitamin D-deficient chicks. The present results showed that: (a) serum 1,25(OH)2D and 24,25(OH)2D levels rise from 15 and 18 to days 19 and 20 of embryonic development while serum phosphate levels are stable; (b) serum calcium levels rise at hatching to adult levels; (c) the duodenal 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor is detectable in 15-day-old embryo and has a Kd similar to that of 118-day-old vitamin D-replete chicks; and (d) the activity of 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor in chick duodenal cytosol is maximal at hatching.
54 citations
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TL;DR: Granulocyte functions as measured by chemotaxis, bactericidal activity, and superoxide anion generation were unimpaired after separation on Percoll, suggesting this method may be potentially useful in situations where one wishes to obtain multiple determinations of cellular immune function from small quantities of whole blood.
54 citations
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TL;DR: Results suggest that the tridecapeptide incorporates the active site of human platelet factor 4 for monocyte chemotaxis, and is a good candidate for binding to membrane surfaces.
54 citations
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TL;DR: It is suggested that TAO induces immediate and continued inhibition of methylprednisolone disposition and in patients receiving continuous TAO on an every‐other‐day basis, inhibition was impaired to a greater extent on the “day on” TAO than on the“day off’ TAO.
Abstract: Effects of varying doses of troleandomycin (TAO) on methylprednisolone disposition were examined in five steroid-dependent asthmatic patients. The characteristic reduction in methylprednisolone elimination in the presence of TAO after a 40 mg IV methylprednisolone was also present after methylprednisolone doses as low as 4 mg. In patients receiving continuous TAO on an every-other-day basis, inhibition of methylprednisolone elimination was impaired to a greater extent on the “day on” TAO than on the “day off” TAO. Methylprednisolone elimination on the day off TAO was still slower than that before TAO, however. TAO on a multiple-dose schedule resulted in greater reduction of methylprednisolone elimination than after a single TAO dose. These results suggest that TAO induces immediate and continued inhibition of methylprednisolone disposition.
Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1982) 32, 166–171; doi:10.1038/clpt.1982.143
53 citations
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TL;DR: Human lymphocytes were able to synthesize pyridine nucleotides from nicotinamide or nicotinic acid but did not efficiently use tryptophan for the synthesis of NAD; these cells showed a marked increase in activity of the enzyme adenosine-triphosphate-nicotinamide mononucleotide (ATP-NMN) adenylyl transferase.
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TL;DR: The streptococci differ from other bacteria in that cation translocations occur by primary transport systems, i.e., by cation pumps which use directly the free energy released during hydrolysis of chemical bonds to power transport.
Abstract: The streptococci differ from other bacteria in that cation translocations (with the possible exception of one of the K+ uptake systems) occur by primary transport systems, i.e., by cation pumps which use directly the free energy released during hydrolysis of chemical bonds to power transport. Transport systems in other bacteria, especially for Na+ and Ca++, are often secondary, using the free energy of another ion gradient to drive cation transport. In streptococci H+ efflux occurs via the F1F0-ATPase. This enzyme is composed of eight distinct subunits. Three of the subunits are embedded in the membrane and form a H+ channel; this is called the F0 portion of the enzyme. The other five subunits form the catalytic part of the enzyme, called F1, which faces the cytoplasm and can easily be stripped from the membrane. Physiologically, this enzyme functions as a H+-ATPase, pumping protons out of the cell to form an electrochemical proton gradient, \(\Delta \tilde \mu _H + \). The F1F0-ATPase, however, is fully reversible and if supplied with Pi, ADP and a \(\Delta \tilde \mu _H + \) + of sufficient magnitude (ca −200 mv) catalyzes the synthesis of ATP.
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TL;DR: The effect of TAO on corticosteroid disposition is steroid-specific and TAO can diminish the effect of certain drugs on the induction of corticosterone metabolism, possibly contributing to its beneficial effects.
Abstract: Troleandomycin (TAO) is a macrolide antibiotic that has an apparent "steroid-sparing" effect when used in the treatment of severe steroid-dependent asthmatic patients. Recent observations demonstrated the effect of TAO on inhibiting methylprednisolone elimination, possibly contributing to its beneficial effects. Prednisolone and methylprednisolone disposition were studied before and 1 wk after initiation of TAO therapy in three patients. Methylprednisolone elimination was characteristically impaired in the presence of TAO therapy; however, there was no apparent effect on prednisolone elimination. Methylprednisolone elimination was also evaluated before and after initiation of TAO therapy in three patients receiving concomitant anticonvulsant therapy with phenobarbital-1, phenytoin-2. Methylprednisolone clearance before TAO was at least 4 times faster than normal and was probably related to enzyme induction by the anticonvulsant medication. Methylprednisolone clearance was subsequently reduced by approximately 70% in the presence of TAO therapy. The effect of TAO on corticosteroid disposition is steroid-specific and TAO can diminish the effect of certain drugs on the induction of corticosteroid metabolism.
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01 Jan 1982TL;DR: The mechanisms of psychomaintenance appear to be general across illness types and often so commonplace as to be overlooked.
Abstract: Psychomaintenance refers to the psychologic and behavioral perpetuation and exacerbation of physical illness (Dirks, 1978; Jones, Kinsman, Dirks, & Dahlem, 1979). In this regard, it should be noted that psychomaintenance does not address the etiology of illness as an area of interest but instead focuses on how psychologic and behavioral factors maintain and increase both perceived severity and medical intractability of the illness once it has already developed. How is it that the patient continues to be functionally incapacitated by illness, despite medical treatment that is effective in most other cases? How is it that the patient appears to require a disproportionately intense medication regimen? How is it that the patient continues to be hospitalized longer and more frequently than would be indicated by the objective medical parameters of the illness? What is the patient doing to contribute adversely to his or her medical response? What is the patient not doing in relation to the illness, and what negative effects does that have on medical management and treatment? These are questions whereby the specific mechanisms of psychomaintenance can be isolated. The mechanisms of psychomaintenance appear to be general across illness types and often so commonplace as to be overlooked.
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that wetting agents offer both subjective and objective improvement in the treatment of perennial rhinitis and merit consideration prior to (or along with) other agents with known systemic side effects.
Abstract: Although propylene-and-polyethylene-glycol and saline have been used in clinical studies as placebos, their possible therapeutic role as wetting agents in the treatment of perennial rhinitis was investigated. Clinical and laboratory response to these agents was measured in eighteen patients during a 2-week baseline period and with 4 weeks of active treatment in a double blind randomized study. After 2 and 4 weeks there was a significant improvement compared to baseline in nasal function (P less than 0.05) and blockage index (P less than 0.01) combining both groups, with no difference between treatments. Patients had less sneezing at 2 and 4 weeks (P less than 0.01), and less stuffiness at 4 weeks (P less than 0.01). There was a significant correlation between improvement in blockage index and nasal biopsies when both were judged independently of the other. This study has demonstrated that wetting agents offer both subjective and objective improvement in the treatment of perennial rhinitis and merit consideration prior to (or along with) other agents with known systemic side effects.
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TL;DR: The effects of asthma per se and of various oral steroid‐treatment schedules on linear growth in 231 children with chronic severe asthma were evaluated.
Abstract: The effects of asthma per se and of various oral steroid-treatment schedules on linear growth in 231 children with chronic severe asthma (6.2-16.2 years of age) were evaluated. Asthmatic children who had never received steroids and those who received occasional steroids, had comparable growth retardation, averaging approximately 1 standard deviation (s.d.) below their age- and sex-specific predicted means. Children who had been treated for 2 years or longer with alternate-day or daily steroids also did not differ from each other, with both groups averaging approximately 2 s.d. below their predicted means. Growth stunting, intermediate in severity, was found in children treated with frequent intermittent steroids. For groups with steroid medication-histories of never, occasional, intermittent, alternate-day and daily, the percentage of children with 2 or more s.d. below their predicted heights were 25, 17.4, 28, 50 and 45.5 respectively. The duration and dosage of daily steroid-treatment correlated positively with severity of growth retardation. In addition to norms, the children were also compared with a healthy, same-sex sibling and with predictions from their parents' heights. Regardless of the comparison used, the results were similar. Since genetic and socio-economic factors are controlled by the latter two comparisons, the data indicate that these factors played no role in growth retardation in these children. Growth retardation in asthma appears to be due to the disease itself, and is accelerated by steroid therapy.
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TL;DR: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1982) 31, 413–417; doi:10.1038/clpt.1982.53
Abstract: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1982) 31, 413–417; doi:10.1038/clpt.1982.53
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TL;DR: It is shown that compared to affected-sib-pairs, trios with the above configuration are less efficient in detecting the presence of a linked disease susceptibility locus.
Abstract: The distribution of marker locus identity-by-descent scores in affected sib pairs provides a powerful tool for detecting the presence of a linked non-Mendelian disease susceptibility locus. This basic approach is here extended to include a trio of sibs. A special type of sib trio consisting of two affected and one unaffected sib is investigated. It is shown that compared to affected-sib-pairs, trios with the above configuration are less efficient in detecting the presence of a linked disease susceptibility locus.
When the generalized two-allele single locus model is fitted to sib pairs affected with multiple sclerosis, an estimate of the recombination fraction of 0.21 between the putative disease susceptibility locus and the HLA complex is obtained. However, this transmission model is deemed inadequate since a recombination fraction this large is inconsistent with the variety of HLA associations observed at the population level.
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TL;DR: Three patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia having t(4;11) (q21;q23) are described and their clinical characteristics are compared with ten other published cases all involving similar histories and poor prognoses.
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TL;DR: The data suggest that the activity of theMu A protein is unstable, and raise the possibility that the Mu A protein and other transposases may be used stoichiometrically rather than catalytically.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the susceptibility of hamster spleen cells to nonspecific effector cell-induced lysis among 13 DNA virus-transformed hamster cell lines exhibiting four different tumorigenic phenotypes.
Abstract: Spontaneously cytolytic hamster spleen cells and BCG-activated hamster macrophages were used to examine susceptibilities to nonspecific effector cell-induced lysis among 13 DNA virus-transformed hamster cell lines exhibiting four different tumorigenic phenotypes. Hamster cells transformed by adenovirus type 12 (an oncogenic adenovirus serotype) or simian virus 40 (an oncogenic papovavirus) readily induced tumors in immunocompetent syngeneic hamsters and were relatively resistant to spleen-cell-induced lysis compared to cells transformed by adenovirus type 2 (a non-oncogenic adenovirus serotype) which induced tumors only in immunoincompetent hosts. Simian virus 40-transformed cells, which possess the unusual property of efficient tumor induction in allogeneic hosts, were uniquely resistant to lysis by activated macrophages. These differential patterns of susceptibility to cytolysis suggest an association between the level of transformed cell resistance to lysis by nonspecific host effector cells and the oncogenicity of the transforming virus. Furthermore, these data suggest that tumor-cell properties, other than those commonly associated with neoplastic transformation, determine the level of susceptibility or resistance to host effector cell mechanisms.
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TL;DR: From the different selectivity patterns of apMPh and NK cells, it is concluded that lysis of target cells is not based solely on inherent sensitivity to cytolysis, and is probably due to variations in expression of target‐cell structure recognized by each type of effector cell, and/or in susceptibility to the lytic mechanism of the various effector populations.
Abstract: Several murine tumor-cell lines were tested by isotope release assays for their susceptibility to lysis by either activated peritoneal macrophages (apMPh), macrophage-like (MPh-like) cell lines, or natural killer (NK) cells. The qualitative selectivity of tumor-cell lysis by these different effector cells was quite disparate. The rank order of target cell susceptibility to lysis by apMPh in 24 h assay was L5178Y greater than P815 approximately equal to RL male greater than YAC-1 approximately equal to MBL-2. This was seen regardless of whether peritoneal MPh (pMPh) were activated by LPS or poly I:C. Two MPh-like cell lines, PU-5R and FC-1, had a pattern of cytotoxic activity against these target cells that closely paralleled that associated with apMPh, although levels of reactivity differed quantitatively among the effector cells. In contrast, the MPh-like cell line RAW-264 expressed a qualitatively different pattern of target-cell selectivity, preferentially lysing MBL-2, which was relatively refractory to lysis by other MPh-like cell lines or apMPh in the 24 h cytolytic assay. When spontaneous or interferon (IFN)-augmented NK activity was measured against the same panel of target cells, the pattern of selectivity was qualitatively different from that observed for apMPh. The consistent rank order of susceptibility to lysis by NK cells was YAC-1 greater than RL male 1 greater than P815 approximately equal to L5178Y approximately equal to MBL-2. The characteristic patterns of target-cell selectivity for apMPh or NK cells were the same for all of the strains of mice tested. From the different selectivity patterns of apMPh and NK cells, it is concluded that lysis of target cells is not based solely on inherent sensitivity to cytolysis. Instead, selectivity of lysis is probably due to variations in expression of target-cell structures recognized by each type of effector cell, and/or in susceptibility to the lytic mechanism(s) of the various effector populations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the occurrence of a cytosolic cAMP-binding protein of an approximate molecular weight of 41,000 daltons was monitored in vegetative and developing amoebae of Dictyostelium discoideum by the use of the photoaffinity probe (32P) 8N3-cAMP.
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TL;DR: The hypothesis that some patients with “atypical” mycobacterial disease have abnormal immunoregulation which may be mediated by an imbalance of the metabolic products of arachidonic acid, an abnormality similar to that noted in Hodgkin's disease and chronic coccidioidomycosis is supported.
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TL;DR: This study investigates the prevalence of alcoholism in three populations of women with serious psychopathology - psychiatrically hospitalized women, a felon sample of women on probation and parole, and a sample of female narcotics addicts admitted to the United States Public Health Service facility at Lexington, Kentucky for detoxification and treatment.
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TL;DR: A classification of cartilaginous tumors and tumor‐like conditions presenting as cutaneous lesions is proposed, in addition to true cutaneous chondromas, developmental anomalies, soft tissue and skeletal tumors and miscellaneous lesions.
Abstract: Two cases of cartilaginous tumors located in the dermis are reported. One tumor occurred on the bridge of the nose and was a true cutaneous chondroma. The other arose on the finger and represented a cutaneous calcifying chondroma. Study of these lesions prompted a review of cartilaginous tumors and tumor-like conditions presenting as cutaneous lesions. A classification proposed includes, in addition to true cutaneous chondromas, developmental anomalies, soft tissue and skeletal tumors and miscellaneous lesions.
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TL;DR: Clinical and ultrastructural observations suggest that clear cell carcinoma of the female urethra is a distinctive neoplasm, and abundant and elongated microvilli provide morphologic evidence supporting the possibility of origin from the mesonephros.
Abstract: A case of clear cell adenocarcinoma arising in the female urethra is described. The tumor had a tubulocystic pattern and intracytoplasmic glycogen, resembling clear cell carcinomas that occur in the vagina and upper female genital tract. Ultrastructural study, however, showed abundant and elongated microvilli on the tumor cells, a feature not seen in clear cell carcinomas or other common forms of carcinoma arising in the female genital tract. Six other cases of similar tumors of the female urethra were found in medical literature, yet there was no example of this tumor in the bladder or male urethra. Clinical and ultrastructural observations suggest that clear cell carcinoma of the female urethra is a distinctive neoplasm. Abundant microvilli provide morphologic evidence supporting the possibility of origin from the mesonephros. Radical extirpative surgery with urinary diversion appears to be the treatment of choice.
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TL;DR: It is believed that microsurgical reanastomosis will improve the previously reported results of children with intra-abdominal testicle management using the standard Stephens-Fowler technique.