Showing papers by "Jewish Hospital published in 1984"
TL;DR: It is demonstrated here that cloned murine IFN-γ can also substitute for a late-acting helper factor which acts synergistically with other helper factors in the stimulation of B-cell antibody responses in vitro.
Abstract: Interferon preparations, especially those containing γ-interferon (IFN-γ), have long been known to modulate immune responses1–3 However, because many studies used only partially purified interferons, it has been difficult to separate the immunoregulatory effects of the interferons from those of other biologically active molecules contaminating the preparations Recently, with the cloning of the Interferon genes in mouse and man, it has become possible to use these cloned interferons directly to test their effects in assays other than those involving the protection of cells from viruses For example, cloned IFN-γ has been shown to be a potent inducer of Ia antigen expression on macrophages4,5 Similarly, cloned IFN-γ has been reported to act as a macrophage activation factors, as judged by the ability of activated macrophages to kill tumour cells in vitro6 We demonstrate here that cloned murine IFN-γ can also substitute for a late-acting helper factor which acts synergistically with other helper factors in the stimulation of B-cell antibody responses in vitro
196 citations
TL;DR: The 99mtechnetium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid renal scan allows differentiation of ureteropelvic junction obstruction from multicystic kidney in most instances.
174 citations
TL;DR: For example, the authors explored the age at which infants' ability to utilize the information communicated by facial expressions to regulate their instrumental behavior and found that by 12 months of age infants seek out facial expression information and use it to guide their own behavior.
Abstract: In the past, Infants' comprehension of adult facial expressions has been assessed through discrimination and categorization techniques. However, a more meaningful level of comprehension involves infants' ability to utilize the information communicated by facial expressions to regulate their instrumental behavior. This study explored the age at which the capacity for such utilization develops. Seventy-two infants, half 12 months and half 18 months, were each presented with three unusual toys designed to elicit uncertainty in the infants. When they visually referenced their mothers' faces, mothers posed smiling, fearful, or neutral expressions. At both ages, the infants moved closest to the mother when she posed fear, moved farthest from her when she posed joy, and maintained an intermediate distance when she appeared neutral. For all variables, the effect was most clear on the third trial. The results demonstrated that by 12 months of age infants seek out facial expression information and use it to regulate their own behavior.
172 citations
TL;DR: Although intraperitoneal immunization or intravenous hyperimmunization markedly enhanced resistance of mice to Listeria in vivo, immunization did not increase the ability of inflammatory peritoneal phagocytes to kill Listersia in vitro, and data suggest that increased mobilization of neutrophils and mononuclearPhagocytes into sites of infection may be of prime importance in resistance to listeriosis.
Abstract: Acquired resistance to the facultative intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes is thought to require immunologically activated macrophages. Using peritoneal exudate cells from nonimmunized mice in a suspension bactericidal assay, however, we found that peritoneal neutrophils obtained early during the inflammatory process (4 hr after elicitation) and macrophages obtained later during inflammation (maximal listericidal activity at 48 hr after elicitation) were able to kill Listeria in vitro. The kinetics of expression of bactericidal activity by inflammatory neutrophils and macrophages against both L monocytogenes and E coli were similar. Although intraperitoneal immunization or intravenous hyperimmunization markedly enhanced resistance of mice to Listeria in vivo, immunization did not increase the ability of inflammatory peritoneal phagocytes to kill Listeria in vitro. However, in response to intraperitoneal injection of proteose-peptone or dead Listeria, immunized mice mobilized more neutrophils and monocytes into the inflamed peritoneum. These data suggest that, rather than systemic activation of mononuclear phagocyte bactericidal activity, increased mobilization of neutrophils and mononuclear phagocytes into sites of infection may be of prime importance in resistance to listeriosis.
156 citations
TL;DR: The mouse Ak alpha and Ak beta genes, which encode the class II I-Ak molecule, are transferred into mouse L-cell fibroblasts and hamster B cells and it will be possible to dissect the structure-function relationships existing between Ia molecules, foreign antigen, and T-cell receptor molecules by in vitro site-directed mutagenesis and gene transfer.
123 citations
TL;DR: The data are consistent with the fact that the skeletal effects of prednisone therapy are mediated, at least in part, by increased parathyroid hormone activity, and that deflazacort is less potent in this regard.
Abstract: The effects of two different glucocorticoids, prednisone and deflazacort, (an oxazoline derivative of prednisolone) on bone metabolism were analyzed in 10 patients with disorders that required glucocorticoid therapy. Significant elevations in blood immunoreactive parathyroid hormone, alkaline phosphatase and urinary calcium, phosphate, hydroxyproline and nephrogenous cyclic AMP were observed during prednisone therapy in addition to an increase in the exchangeable calcium pool as estimated by 47Ca-kinetic analyses. In contrast to these changes, deflazacort therapy induced minimal, and in some instances, no changes in these indices. In fact, in studies wherein prednisone therapy was followed by deflazacort alterations in bone metabolism, iPTH, and nephrogenous cAMP observed during prednisone were reversed. The data are consistent with the fact that the skeletal effects of prednisone therapy are mediated, at least in part, by increased parathyroid hormone activity, and that deflazacort is less potent in this regard.
123 citations
TL;DR: Two widely used affected-sib-pair scoring procedures are compared with a new method for their relative efficiency in detecting the presence of an HLA-linked disease susceptibility gene and the new procedure appears to outperform the Green and Woodrow method and the "all-possible-pairs" method.
Abstract: Two widely used affected-sib-pair scoring procedures (the Green and Woodrow [1977] procedure, and the method of forming all possible affected-sib-pairs) are compared with a new method for their relative efficiency in detecting the presence of an HLA-linked disease susceptibility gene. Their relative performance is investigated by extensive computer simulations over a large number of disease transmission models. On the average, the new procedure appears to outperform the Green and Woodrow method and the "all-possible-pairs" method.
102 citations
TL;DR: The lack of molecular species heterogeneity of PAF produced in response to stimuli implies a higher degree of control of biosynthesis than previously suspected.
89 citations
TL;DR: Sulfasalazine, a drug useful in the therapy of inflammatory bowel disease, was found to block N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP)-induced arthritis in rabbits as well as FMLP-induced superoxide production and chemotaxis in human neutrophils in vitro.
85 citations
TL;DR: The α- and β-chains of the receptor of the human T-cell leukaemia line HPB-MLT are purified, and the amino acid sequence of several tryptic peptides derived from each chain identify this as another immunoglobulin-like polypeptide chain.
Abstract: Although the receptor with which T cells bind specific antigen can, like immunoglobulin, distinguish between antigens which differ only slightly in structure, it is unique in recognizing antigen only in conjunction with one of the self proteins of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC restriction). The receptor was identified and characterized in mouse and man by using monoclonal antibodies to receptor idiotypes, and consists of two disulphide-linked polypeptides, and acidic alpha-chain and a neutral to slightly basic beta-chain. Peptide maps have shown that, like immunoglobulin, both chains vary for receptors of different specificities. T-cell-derived cDNA clones have recently been identified in mouse and man encoding immunoglobulin-like molecules. These were identified as derived from beta-chain genes through a partial N-terminal protein sequence of the beta-chain isolated from a human T-cell tumour. We have now purified the alpha- and beta-chains of the receptor of the human T-cell leukaemia line HPB-MLT, and have determined the amino acid sequence of several tryptic peptides derived from each chain. Our results further confirm that the previously reported cDNA clones encode beta-chains. The sequence of the alpha-chain peptides identify this as another immunoglobulin-like polypeptide chain. Particularly striking was an alpha-chain peptide with high homology to the conserved portion of the immunoglobulin J segment and T-cell receptor beta-chains. Surprisingly, the alpha-chain peptides show little similarity to the sequence predicted by two overlapping putative murine alpha-chain cDNA clones.
79 citations
TL;DR: The results indicate that human keratinocytes under conditions that prevent terminal differentiation in vitro can synthesize, secrete, and deposit fibronectin in the extracellular matrix.
TL;DR: Testing among the progenies of an Ed alpha Ed beta-specific T-cell hybridoma for mutant clones capable of recognizing MHC antigens of a different haplotype found that changes in MHC specificity occurred via mutations affecting the T- cell receptor structure.
TL;DR: Simultaneous consideration of the pretherapy labelling index and the per cent abnormal cells in the day 6 marrow permitted a distinction to be made between almost all patients who would enter remission or fail therapy because of persistent leukaemia.
Abstract: Summary
The Leukemia Intergroup Study has treated 110 patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukaemia with ‘high dose’ cytosine arabinoside remission induction therapy and studied the factors which were related to the outcome of therapy. With respect to death during remission induction therapy, only patient age was of prognostic significance. Treatment failure due to resistant leukaemia was associated with a high pretherapy leukaemic cell mass, the presence of few cells in S phase, and insensitivity of DNA synthesis to cytosine arabinoside. If, after 6 d of therapy, more than 40% of the marrow cells were leukaemic, the patient almost invariably failed to enter complete remission because of persistent leukaemia. Simultaneous consideration of the pretherapy labelling index and the per cent abnormal cells in the day 6 marrow permitted a distinction to be made between almost all patients who would enter remission or fail therapy because of persistent leukaemia.
TL;DR: The pattern of AERP amplitude asymmetry found for disabled readers, which was opposite to that found for normal readers, suggests that the same reading-related tasks activated different cerebral processes in the two groups studied.
TL;DR: A double-resonance surface-coil NMR probe is described for performance of high-field (8.5 T) proton decoupled carbon-13 experiments with tissue in vivo with good signal-to-noise and 3 min time resolution.
TL;DR: D dose intensification appears to produce high response rates and modest complete response rates in extensive SCLC, but it does not appear to improve materially survival compared to prior reports of conventional‐dose therapy.
Abstract: From April, 1979 to November, 1981, 293 patients with small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) were entered on a randomized, controlled study comparing the two induction regimens of high-dose CAV (HD-CAV) (cyclophosphamide [CTX] 1200 mg/m2, doxorubicin [ADR] 70 mg/m2 and vincristine [VCR] 1 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) on days 1 and 21) versus, conventional-dose CAV + VP-16 (etoposide) (CAV-VP) (CTX 1000 mg/m2, ADR 40 mg/m2, VCR 1 mg/m2 IV on days 1 and 21 with VP-16 100 mg/m2 on days 1-3, and 21-23). Responding and stable patients were continued on conventional-dose CAV for 5 consolidation courses. Prophylactic brain irradiation delivered after the first consolidation course in responders was optional. Patients were included in the study if they had extensive disease (i.e., beyond one hemithorax), no prior chemotherapy, or radiotherapy and performance status of 50 or above. After 2 induction courses, 215 cases are evaluable. Of these, 76 of 106 (72%) patients treated with HD-CAV have responded (greater than 50% regression), including 13 complete responders (CRs) versus 80 of 108 (74%) patients on CAV-VP, including 15 CRs. Of the 130 evaluable patients who have completed consolidation (HD-CAV, 65; CAV-VP, 65), an additional 22 patients achieved CR (HD-CAV, 12; CAV-VP, 10) for an overall CR rate of 24%. Median duration of remission was 33.6 weeks for HD-CAV and 35.6 weeks for CAV-VP (P = 0.61). Median duration of complete response for HD-CAV was 33.8 weeks and for CAV-VP 36.7 weeks (P = 0.81). Survival curves were similar for the two regimens, with medians of 42.1 weeks for HD-CAV and 42.3 weeks for CAV-VP (P = 0.35). Survival correlated with performance status and quality of response. As anticipated, the major toxicity for both induction regimens was leukopenia. During induction, granulocyte nadirs of less than 500/mm3 occurred in 81% of patients on HD-CAV and 77% of patients on CAV-VP. Thus, dose intensification appears to produce high response rates and modest complete response rates in extensive SCLC, but it does not appear to improve materially survival compared to prior reports of conventional-dose therapy.
TL;DR: The data suggest that early adenovirus gene expression in hamster cells results in preferential survival of Ad12, compared to Ad2, infected cells in vivo, thus providing an explanation for the differences in the oncogenicities of these two transforming viruses.
Abstract: Hamster cells infected with highly oncogenic human adenovirus type 12 (Ad12) were resistant to lysis by natural killer cells and macrophages, compared to cells infected with nononcogenic adenovirus type 2 (Ad2). The data suggest that early adenovirus gene expression in hamster cells results in preferential survival of Ad12, compared to Ad2, infected cells in vivo, thus providing an explanation for the differences in the oncogenicities of these two transforming viruses.
TL;DR: It is concluded that freshly isolated type II cells synthesize saturated phosphatidic acid, diacylglycerol, phosphatinidylcholine and phosph atidylglucose and that under the authors' in vitro conditions the deacylation-reacylation pathway is important for the synthesis of saturatedosphatidyl choline but is less important forThe synthesis of saturating phosphatIDylglycersol.
TL;DR: Experiments described demonstrate that because the aminoacridines traverse biological membranes with facility, they diffuse throughout the system, and ultimately accumulate intra‐ or extra‐ cellularly where they are most efficiently bound.
Abstract: Lysosomotropic fluorescent aminoacridines such as acridine orange and quinacrine have achieved prominence as markers for studying lysosome-phagosomes fusion, especially in macrophages. Experiments described demonstrate that because the aminoacridines traverse biological membranes with facility, they diffuse throughout the system, and ultimately accumulate intra- or extracellularly where they are most efficiently bound. Their presence or absence in phagosomes is therefore not unequivocally indicative of fusion or nonfusion. Alternative fluorescent lysosomal markers are described, and systems defined for which the aminoacridines may probably be used with confidence.
TL;DR: Treatment of the highly metastatic RAW 117-H 10 cells with polyclonal anti-embryonic murine liver F(ab′)2 or Fab′ antibody fragments had no effect on RAW117-H10 cell viability or growth in vitro or in vivo, but inhibited liver colonization, which inhibited life expectancy and prolonged life expectancy.
Abstract: Metastatic variant sublines of the murine RAW117 large cell lymphoma or lymphosarcoma have been established in vitro by sequential cycles of harvesting of liver tumor nodules after intravenous inoculation of tumor cell suspensions into syngeneic BALB/c mice. After five and tenin vivo selections for liver colonization, variant sublines RAW117-H5 and -H10, respectively, were established, and these formed significantly more surface liver tumors than the parental RAW117-P line. RAW117 sublines were tested for their abilities to adhere to embryonic mouse liver or brain cells in anin vitro cell-cell adhesion assay. Liver colonizing RAW117-H10 cells adhered with greater selectivity to liver cells than to brain cells. Parental RAW 117-P cells were more homotypically adhesive, but they were nonselective in their organ cell adhesion properties. We examined RAW117 cells for the presence of liver cross-reactive antigens using polyclonal xenoantibody preparations directed against embryonic murine liver cells. These antibody preparations block organ-specific homotypic adhesion of embryonic murine liver cellsin vitro. The amount of fetal liver antigen(s) expressed on RAW117 sublines correlated with liver colonization potentials (H10 > H5 > P) in quantitative absorption assays. Treatment of the highly metastatic RAW117-H10 subline with polyclonal anti-embryonic murine liver F(ab′)2 or Fab′ antibody fragments had no effect on RAW117-H10 cell viability or growthin vitro orin vivo, but inhibited liver colonization (median liver tumor colonies reduced from > 200 to 0) and prolonged life expectancy. In contrast, pretreatment of RAW 117-H 10 cells with polyclonal anti-H-2 did not modify thein vivo biologic properties of these metastatic cells.
TL;DR: A broad study designed to elucidate both genetic and nongenetic factors relevant to stuttering found no evidence of anxiety levels differing among stutterers, their nonstuttering family members, and nonstuttered controls.
Abstract: Individuals in families with several stutterers (five or more) and individuals in families with no stutterers were the basis of abroad study designed to elucidate both genetic and nongenetic factor...
TL;DR: The absence of fibrinogen and factor VIII:Ag within the tumor tissue indicates that the fibronectin is probably not plasma- or stroma-derived while immunoperoxidase data suggest that fibronECTin may be a product of BCE cells.
TL;DR: Results of experiments in which the A protein is used stoichiometrically and must be synthesized de novo for each round of Mu DNA replication, showing that this potential is stable even in the absence of further protein synthesis.
TL;DR: The susceptibility to H2O2 of 5 strains of Mycobacterium intracellulare and both catalase-positive and negative strains of M. tuberculosis were significantly more resistant to this oxygen metabolite than were the two M.culosis strains tested at pH 7.0 and 4.0.
Abstract: The susceptibility to H2O2 of 5 strains of Mycobacterium intracellular and both catalase-positive (TMC 102) and negative (TMC 303) strains of M. tuberculosis, H37Rv, was tested at pH 7.0 and 4.0. All strains of M. intracellular were significantly more resistant to this oxygen metabolite than were the two M. tuberculosis strains, even though the catalase activity of M. tuberculosis TMC 102 was higher than most M. intracellular strains. Even the catalase negative (Egge-man) strain of M. intracellular showed greater resistance to 0.2% H2O2 than M. tuberculosis H37Rv (TMC 102). This suggests that M. intracellular is protected from H2O2 damage by factors additional to their catalase activity.
TL;DR: It is suggested that a given macrophage population may preferentially express tumoricidal or bactericidal activities depending on the stimulus used, and the effector cells in these assays are macrophages.
Abstract: Macrophage populations may be induced to express tumoricidal or bactericidal activities following exposure to certain stimuli. An understanding of the differences in the stimulatory mechanisms and in the characteristics of the macrophages they affect will be facilitated by comparing functional activities of various macrophage populations. The experiments described here were conducted to determine whether injection of a single stimulus necessarily drives cells to express both tumoricidal and bactericidal activities or whether selected reagents can drive cells to express one activity without expressing the other. The data show that a single population of mouse or hamster peritoneal exudate cells obtained following injection of proteose peptone is bactericidal for Listeria monocytogenes and for E. coli, but is not tumoricidal for TCMK-1, Ad2HE3, or mKS-A TU-5 target cells. In contrast, peritoneal exudate cells collected after injection of Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) organisms are always highly tumoricidal, and either show no effect on Listeria monocytogenes or E. coli, or are at best bacteriostatic. Data indicate that the effector cells in these assays are macrophages, that the dissociation of tumoricidal and bactericidal activity occurs over a wide dose range, and that the tumoricidal capabilities are not artifacts of the assay system. These results suggest that a given macrophage population may preferentially express tumoricidal or bactericidal activities depending on the stimulus used.
TL;DR: The findings are consistent with a role of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase in mediating the effects of cAMP on the synthesis of prespore-specific mRNAs and proteins at the stage at which cAMP appears to be required for the cell type-specific syntheses.
Abstract: It was shown previously by us that cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum increased during the early stages of development. Results from other laboratories showed that during the subsequent stage of cell differentiation and positioning, the accumulation of a number of prespore mRNAs and proteins (but not prestalk mRNAs and proteins) was dependent upon cAMP. The present communication describes the cellular distribution of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase at that stage of development. Pseudoplasmodia were disrupted, and prespore cells were separated from prestalk cells by sedimentation through a Percoll gradient. Prespore cells had approximately 4-5 times as much of both the catalytic and regulatory subunits of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase as did the prestalk cells. That the increase of cAMP-dependent protein kinase during development reflected de novo synthesis of the enzyme in both prespore and prestalk cells was demonstrated on the basis of [3H]leucine incorporation into the regulatory subunit. The findings are consistent with a role of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase in mediating the effects of cAMP on the synthesis of prespore-specific mRNAs and proteins at the stage at which cAMP appears to be required for the cell type-specific syntheses.
TL;DR: No suppressive effect of administering 24,25(OH)2D3 on the iPTH levels could be demonstrated in these three dogs, and there was no difference in the levels of serum calcium or in the calcium content of bone.
TL;DR: The temperate phage Mu behaves as a transposing replicon, implying that replication is initiated in or at the ends of the phage genome and terminates at the Ends.
Abstract: The temperate phage Mu behaves as a transposing replicon. During its whole replication phase, which starts 6–8 min after the onset of the lytic cycle, it remains attached to host DNA; the original Mu prophage remains in the host chromosome (1) and the bacterial nucleoid remains intact (2). Only Mu sequences are replicated in vivo (3) and in vitro (4, 5), implying that replication is initiated in or at the ends of the phage genome and terminates at the ends.
TL;DR: This study determined the number of NCD 1‐binding sites per neutrophil and the antigen which bound this antibody, which was a 110‐kDa glycoprotein which was not susceptible to reduction by 2‐mercaptoethanol.
Abstract: In a previous study we described an anti-neutrophil monoclonal antibody, which inhibited human neutrophil chemotaxis and degranulation without any detectable effect on phagocytosis or oxidative metabolism (Cotter, T. G., Spears, P. and Henson, P. M., J. Immunol. 1981. 127: 1355). This antibody was termed NCD 1. In this study we determined the number of NCD 1-binding sites per neutrophil. Approximately 25 000 NCD 1 IgG-binding sites per cell were found with an equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) of 6.5 microM for antibody binding. NCD 1 Fab bound to approximately 39 000 sites per cell with a Kd of 16.5 microM. Affinity chromatography columns prepared by coupling NCD 1 to Sepharose 4B beads were used to purify the antigen which bound this antibody. The antigen was a 110-kDa glycoprotein which was not susceptible to reduction by 2-mercaptoethanol. The antigen was not internalized following phagocytosis of opsonized sheep erythrocytes by neutrophils.