Showing papers by "Jewish Hospital published in 1986"
TL;DR: The discovery that many T cells recognize antigen only in association with products of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) led to the conclusion that at least a component of the receptor on T cells was not immunoglobulin, and T cells that bind free antigen would not be efficiently triggered.
Abstract: Publisher Summary Many experiments showed that T cells do not distinguish between native and denatured antigens, whereas antibody commonly does. T cells and B cells primed to a particular antigen frequently cross-react differently on related antigens, although exceptions to this rule are also noted. The discovery that many T cells recognize antigen only in association with products of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) led to the conclusion that at least a component of the receptor on T cells was not immunoglobulin. This, coupled with numerous observations that many T cells do not secrete immunoglobulins or usually have mRNA encoding these molecules, suggested that the isolation of T cell receptors might be most easily accomplished by methods that did not depend on the idea that these molecules were related to immunoglobulins. T cells that bind free antigen would not be efficiently triggered because stimulation of virgin T cells requires not only interaction with their receptors, but also accessory cell-derived lymphokines such as interleukin-1 T cells that bind free antigen would be useless at the effector cell level, as T cells are designed to interact with other cells. T cells should not bind so effectively to their targets that they cannot release them and move on to act on another target cell.
228 citations
TL;DR: Interleukin-2 was detected in urine but not serum of patients receiving intravesical bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy for bladder cancer, and the presence of BCG-induced lymphokines may be associated with antitumor activity.
57 citations
TL;DR: The disposition rate of these two steroids is thus similar, in spite of their metabolic control by different enzymatic pathways and major influence of saturable transcortin binding on prednisolone elimination.
Abstract: The disposition and plasma binding of methylprednisolone were examined in seven normal volunteers following the administration of 5, 20 and 40 mg of intravenous methylprednisolone sodium succinate. Methylprednisolone exhibits linear plasma protein binding averaging 77%. The mean plasma methylprednisolone clearance of 337 ml·h−1. kg−1 was independent of dose. The steroid appears to moderately distribute into tissue spaces with a mean volume of distribution of 1.41·kg−1. Methylprednisolone disposition parameters were compared with the non-transcortin bound parameters for prednisolone. The prednisolone plasma clearance based on the transcortin free-drug is similar to methylprednisolone total plasma clearance. However, the corrected volume of distribution of prednisolone is only one-half that of methylprednisolone. The disposition rate of these two steroids is thus similar, in spite of their metabolic control by different enzymatic pathways and major influence of saturable transcortin binding on prednisolone elimination.
56 citations
TL;DR: Observations indicate that smooth muscle cells are capable of producing collagenase and are consistent with the hypothesis that this enzyme presides over the massive collagen degradation seen in postpartum uterine involution.
Abstract: A monospecific antibody to rat uterine collagenase has been produced and employed to study the cell of origin and the time course of production of this enzyme in the involuting rat uterus. The specificity of the anti-collagenase antibody was confirmed by immunoprecipitation, Western analysis, and by its ability to inhibit the activity of collagenase. Parallel measurements of functional enzyme, both latent and active, bound to tissue collagen were also made in nonpregnant, gravid, and postpartum rat uteri. Immunohistochemical staining of collagenase in sections of rat uterus showed the enzyme to be present in the perinuclear region of the smooth muscle cells only of the involuting myometrium. No detectable collagenase was present in the prepartum or nonpregnant uterus. Identity of the smooth muscle cells was confirmed using an anti-smooth muscle actin antibody. In addition, the cultured uterine cells from which the immunizing antigen was obtained were also identified as smooth muscle cells. Specificity of the tissue staining was confirmed by the ability of pure rat uterine collagenase to block the reaction of the antibody with the tissue. These observations indicate that smooth muscle cells are capable of producing collagenase and are consistent with the hypothesis that this enzyme presides over the massive collagen degradation seen in postpartum uterine involution. Furthermore, measurement of collagenase bound to uterine collagen revealed that collagenase activity could be detected only at the time that the cells could be seen to be producing the enzyme by immunolocalization. These findings support the concept that collagenase is produced only as needed and not stored, either intra- or extra-cellularly.
48 citations
TL;DR: The data indicate that some platelet PAF antagonists may be ineffective in blocking the action ofPAF on neutrophils and smooth muscle preparations and suggest either PAF-receptor independent actions of PAF or different classes of PAf receptors.
45 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that parathyroid hormoneinduced cell activation involves cytoplasmic-free calcium, calmodulin, and the cytoskeleton and was associated with a disappearance of microvillar core filaments.
Abstract: In order to examine the possibility of parathyroid hormone-mediated ultrastructural rearrangements in target epithelium, isolated canine renal proximal tubular cells were grown on a collagen-coated semipermeable membrane in a defined medium. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of these monolayers revealed abundant microvilli. Exposure of the proximal tubular cells to parathyroid hormone resulted in a biphasic changes involving: (1) dramatic shortening and rarefaction of microvilli within 1 min; and (2) recovery of microvillar topography after 5 min. A similar shortening of microvilli was observed following exposure to ionomycin, whereas incubation with cyclic AMP resulted in an elongation of microvilli. Parathyroid hormone stimulated cyclic AMP production and increased cytoplasmic free calcium concentration in cultured proximal tubular cells. Pretreatment of cells with a calmodulin inhibitor abolished the effect of parathyroid hormone on brush border topography. Shortening of microvilli was associated with a disappearance of microvillar core filaments. Staining of F-actin with fluoresceinphalloidin showed that parathyroid hormone resulted in fragmentation of stress fibers. It is concluded that parathyroid hormoneinduced cell activation involves cytoplasmic-free calcium, calmodulin, and the cytoskeleton.
44 citations
TL;DR: The recent experience in dealing with a patient with a large renal A-V fistula, causing progressive congestive heart failure and angina pectoris, prompted a review of the etiology, diagnosis, and management of this disease.
41 citations
TL;DR: Two hundred patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukaemia received remission induction therapy consisting of cytosine arabinoside and an anthracycline antibiotic and it is demonstrated that it is possible to identify patients for whom conventional chemotherapy is not likely to be of benefit either because it is too intensive orBecause it is not intensive enough to produce a complete remission.
Abstract: Summary
Two hundred patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukaemia received remission induction therapy consisting of cytosine arabinoside and an anthracycline antibiotic. Analysis of the pretherapy characteristics of the patients demonstrated that patient age was the most important factor in determining whether or not the patient would survive remission induction therapy. Assessment of the characteristics of the bone marrow after 6 d of therapy permitted the recognition of patients who were likely to fail to enter remission because of persistent leukaemia. Taken together, these observations demonstrate that it is possible to identify patients for whom conventional chemotherapy is not likely to be of benefit either because it is too intensive or because it is not intensive enough to produce a complete remission.
40 citations
TL;DR: As the prevalence of strenuous physical activity increases, it is important for emergency physicians to recognize unusual, but potentially serious, complications of exercise.
Abstract: Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis, first reported in 1983, is a subtype of exercise-induced anaphylaxis. A case of celery-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis is reported. The presentation and management of these and other exercise-related physical allergies, including classic and variant cholinergic urticaria, is reviewed. As the prevalence of strenuous physical activity increases, it is important for emergency physicians to recognize unusual, but potentially serious, complications of exercise.
39 citations
TL;DR: A model in which the mouse bladder tumor is implanted directly into the bladder to examine the mechanism by which BCG inhibits tumor growth found that NK cells are not a major contributor to the antitumor activity of BCG.
38 citations
TL;DR: Although both active agents were equally efficacious in blocking exercise-induced bronchospasm initially, the duration of action of albuterol was significantly (P less than .05) longer on serial testing than that of metaproterenol sulfate.
Abstract: Both metaproterenol sulfate and albuterol are inhaled medications commonly used to prevent exercise-induced bronchospasm. Their efficacy and duration of action in controlling exercise-induced bronchospasm were compared with placebo in 18 asthmatic children (age range: 12 to 17 years) in a single-blind randomized crossover study. Standardized treadmill exercise challenges were repeated every two hours for up to six hours following the initial exercise test. With the initial exercise challenge, both active medications blocked exercise-induced bronchospasm with equal efficacy. On the other hand, when the duration of action of the medications was compared: albuterol blocked exercise-induced bronchospasm longer than metaproterenol sulfate in eight subjects, the reverse was true in only one patient, and the medications blocked for equal duration in nine subjects. Thus, although both active agents were equally efficacious in blocking exercise-induced bronchospasm initially, the duration of action of albuterol was significantly (P less than .05) longer on serial testing than that of metaproterenol sulfate. Both medications were significantly better than placebo in efficacy and duration of action.
TL;DR: A case is presented of a young adult with splenic hemorrhage secondary to infectious mononucleosis that was managed successfully without surgery and has done well over the long term with progressive resolution of the hematoma on ultrasound.
TL;DR: Whether the FN, previously shown to be within and surrounding human basal cell carcinoma (BCC) lobules, was in part the product of epidermal-derived tumor cells is examined to speculate that this FN matrix may facilitate growth of BCC in this model.
TL;DR: It is proposed that the patients of these cousins provide further evidence that duplication of 12q leads to a clinically identifiable syndrome.
Abstract: We have studied female cousins with partial duplication of 12q. The cousins' mothers (who are sisters) and the maternal grandmother and great grandmother carried a balanced translocation between chromosomes 11 and 12. We have compared our patients with eight other reported cases of partial duplication of the same chromosome segment (12q24----12qter). Placement of the extra material seems to have little effect on the anomalies present; (only two other cases involved chromosome 11). We propose that our patients provide further evidence that duplication of 12q leads to a clinically identifiable syndrome.
TL;DR: Calcium channels, anion channels and calcium-specific receptors that link the two channels appear to form an ensemble whose physiological function is not known, suggesting that the ion channels may be involved in the regulation of turgor.
Abstract: Injection of depolarizing current into vegetative cells of the water moldBlastocladiella emersonii elicits a regenerative response that has the electrical characteristics of an action potential. Once they have been taken past a threshold of about −40 mV, cells abruptly depolarize to +20 mV or above; after an interval ranging from several hundred milliseconds to a few seconds, the cells spontaneously return to their resting potential near −100 mV. When the action potential was analyzed with voltage-clamp recording, it proved to be biphasic. The initial phase reflects an influx of calcium ions through voltage-sensitive channels that also carry Sr2+ ions. The delayed, and more extended, phase of inward current results from the efflux of chloride and other anions. The anion channels are broadly selective, passing chloride, nitrate, phosphate, acetate, succinate and even PIPES. The anion channels open in response to the entry of calcium ions, but do not recognize Sr2+. Calcium channels, anion channels and calcium-specific receptors that link the two channels appear to form an ensemble whose physiological function is not known. Action potentials rarely occur spontaneously but can be elicited by osmotic downshock, suggesting that the ion channels may be involved in the regulation of turgor.
TL;DR: In these experiments, the in vitro incubation of circulating human neutrophils with methotrexate produced no significant alterations in neutrophilic phagocytosis or intracellular killing of S. aureus.
Abstract: The in vitro effect of therapeutic concentrations of methotrexate on the phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus by circulating human neutrophils was assessed. Neutrophils were isolated from whole blood of six healthy human volunteers by density centrifugation and incubated with 10(-3) M methotrexate. Staphylococcus aureus was opsonized in human serum and added to the prepared neutrophils. Phagocytosis was determined by serial dilutions and plating of unphagocytized bacteria. After treatment with lysostaphin and trypsin, intracellular killing of bacteria was determined at set intervals by serial dilutions and platings of viable bacteria released by neutrophil lysis. Methotrexate-treated neutrophils phagocytized 56% and control neutrophils 67% of bacteria in 15 minutes (P greater than 0.5), and 96% of ingested bacteria were killed in 15 minutes by both populations. In these experiments, the in vitro incubation of circulating human neutrophils with methotrexate produced no significant alterations in neutrophilic phagocytosis or intracellular killing of S. aureus.
TL;DR: A 21-year-old male college student was transferred to Barnes Hospital for evaluation of a 4-day history of bilateral groin pain and fever, which had gradually increased in severity and were preceded and exacerbated by strenuous physical exercise.
Abstract: A 21-year-old male college student was transferred to Barnes Hospital for evaluation of a 4-day history of bilateral groin pain and fever. His symptoms had gradually increased in severity and were preceded and exacerbated by strenuous physical exercise. He had previously enjoyed excellent health and regularly participated in intramural activities. Four days prior to admission, he had participated in a hockey game. The following morning, he woke up with mild left groin discomfort which he attributed to muscle strain. The pain lessened over the next few hours, enabling him to play hockey again that evening; however, the next morning, he awoke with moderately severe left groin pain which caused him to limp. Over the ensuing 24 hours, he developed right-sided groin pain as well, which left him unable to walk. At the Student Health Center the condition was diagnosed as muscle strain, and he was given aspirin which offered no relief. Later that evening, he presented to a local hospital where a rectal temperature was noted to be 38~ and two sets of blood cultures were drawn. The patient was then transferred to the Washington University Medical Center with the tentative diagnosis of osteomyelitis. He denied groin trauma, a history of arthritis or arthralgias, rash, dysuria, or abdominal pain. On physical examination, he was a well-developed male with a blood pressure of 130/70, pulse of 76/min and regular, respiratory rate of 20/rain, and rectal temperature of 38.4~ Pertinent physical findings were limited to the symphysis pubis which
TL;DR: The results indicated that mice on the normal diet were presuppressed by the dietary exposure, and it was discovered that most normal mouse chow contains casein, which was not an effective oral tolerogen.
TL;DR: In this article, the long-term effects of 24-hour unilateral ureteral obstruction on renal function in the rat were studied with whole kidney clearance techniques, 3hrs, 8, 14, and 60 days after release, and the single nephron glomerular filtration rate of superficial and juxtamedullary nephrons was estimated with a modification of Hanssen's technique.
TL;DR: A detailed metabolic investigation and 42-year radiological follow-up of a 52-year-old man with mixed-sclerosing-bone-dystrophy suggested that enhanced bone formation, perhaps with defective skeletal resorption, is a fundamental abnormality which accounts for the increased bone mass of this patient.
Abstract: We present a detailed metabolic investigation and 42-year radiological follow-up of a 52-year-old man with mixed-sclerosing-bone-dystrophy, the rare occurrence of two or more distinct patterns of sclerosing-bone-dysplasia (e.g., osteopathia striata, osteopoikilosis, melorheostosis) in a single subject. Review of radiographs from 1942, when he was reported to have osteopetrosis, demonstrated diffuse osteosclerosis, osteopathia striata, osteopoikilosis, and focal cortical hyperostosis. Forty-two years later, there had been significant progression and evolution of his skeletal disease with the appearance of new areas of osteopathia striata and osteopoikilosis and a generalized increase in skeletal mass as assessed radiographically. Presence of subperiosteal bone apposition on biopsy of the iliac crest together with chronic mild hypocalcemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and hypophosphatemia suggested that enhanced bone formation, perhaps with defective skeletal resorption, is a fundamental abnormality which accounts for the increased bone mass of this patient.
TL;DR: It is concluded that macrophages are essential to both the degradative and remodeling phases of an inflammatory response.
Abstract: The theme we have presented herein is that of the adaptability of the mononuclear phagocyte. This has been illustrated by discussing the mechanisms underlying the emigration of blood monocytes into peripheral tissues and organs under steady state and inflammatory conditions. Our basic tenet is that monocytes represent a relatively homogeneous cell population which migrates, either randomly or selectively, into a tissue and matures, following interaction with tissue components (be they normal or inflammatory), into macrophages characteristic of that tissue. Thus it is the interaction of a mononuclear phagocyte with an inflammatory stimulus that directs the phagocyte to mature into an inflammatory macrophage. Finally, we have also discussed how stimulus impingement on macrophages influences the products these cells secrete. We conclude that macrophages are essential to both the degradative and remodeling phases of an inflammatory response.
TL;DR: From a review of the literature and the experience at the Shriners Burns Institute, a suggestion for optimal treatment has been proposed, which includes early recognition, general nutritional and metabolic support, as well as high-dose aminoglycoside and semi-synthetic penicillin therapy, administered parentally and by sub-eschar clysis.
TL;DR: The insertion of DNA fragments within the lac sequence of a MudI(Ap,lac) prophage resulted in the formation of a set of maxi-Mu genomes which were 39.8, 59, 85.6, and 88.2 kb long, respectively, and indicated that the transposition frequency decreased as the length of the prophages increased.
TL;DR: Nurse involvement in organizing and maintaining a support group is described and the nurse can be a valuable asset to the support group in the role of patient liaison, small-group counselor, or community resource person.
Abstract: Support groups offer infertile couples an opportunity to share feelings and concerns in a confidential, nonjudgmental setting—an alternative to coping with the crisis alone. Nurse involvement in organizing and maintaining a support group is described. The nurse can be a valuable asset to the support group in the role of patient liaison, small-group counselor, or community resource person.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the safety and efficacy of hypnosis drugs and the abuse potential of hypnotic drugs, and the principles for proper use and selection of a proper hypnotic should depend on the clinical situation and the needs of the patient.
TL;DR: The results suggest that the modulatory effect of histamine on antibody production involves predominantly H, receptors, and not drug‐induced cytotoxicity.
Abstract: The effect of histamine and its H1 and H2 antagonists, chlorpheniramine and cimetidine, on the in vitro, PWM-induced, synthesis of IgG and IgE was studied. Histamine had no effect, and cimetidine had a slight inhibitory action. In contrast, chlorpheniramine induced marked suppression of both IgE and IgG synthesis. This effect could not be attributed to drug-induced cytotoxicity. These results suggest that the modulatory effect of histamine on antibody production involves predominantly H, receptors.
TL;DR: This paper reviews the authors' work with experimental silicone rubber and polyurethane replamineform small caliber vascular grafts and results are presented.
Abstract: This paper reviews the authors' work with experimental silicone rubber and polyurethane replamineform small caliber vascular grafts. Description of the method of preparation of prostheses and in vivo implantation results is presented.