Jewish Hospital

About: Jewish Hospital is a healthcare organization based out in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Antigen & Population. The organization has 3881 authors who have published 3414 publications receiving 123044 citations.

Beneficial effects of propylene and polyethylene glycol and saline in the treatment of perennial rhinitis

Abstract: Although propylene-and-polyethylene-glycol and saline have been used in clinical studies as placebos, their possible therapeutic role as wetting agents in the treatment of perennial rhinitis was investigated. Clinical and laboratory response to these agents was measured in eighteen patients during a 2-week baseline period and with 4 weeks of active treatment in a double blind randomized study. After 2 and 4 weeks there was a significant improvement compared to baseline in nasal function (P less than 0.05) and blockage index (P less than 0.01) combining both groups, with no difference between treatments. Patients had less sneezing at 2 and 4 weeks (P less than 0.01), and less stuffiness at 4 weeks (P less than 0.01). There was a significant correlation between improvement in blockage index and nasal biopsies when both were judged independently of the other. This study has demonstrated that wetting agents offer both subjective and objective improvement in the treatment of perennial rhinitis and merit consideration prior to (or along with) other agents with known systemic side effects.

Multi-Laboratory Evaluation of an Automated Microbial Detection/Identification System

Abstract: An automated and computerized system (Automicrobic System [AMS]) for the detection of frequently encountered bacteria in clinical urine specimens was tested in a collaborative study among six laboratories. The sensitivity, specificity, reliability, and reproducibility of the AMS were determined, and the system was compared with conventional detection and identification systems. In this study, pure cultures and mixtures of pure cultures were used to simulate clinical urine specimens. With pure cultures, the sensitivity of the AMS in identifying the nine groups of organisms most commonly found in urine averaged 92.8%. The specificity averaged 99.4%, and the reliability of a positive result averaged 92.1%. The latter value was strongly influenced by a relatively high occurrence of false positive Escherichia coli results. The AMS was capable of detecting growth of most organisms, including those which it was not designed to identify. However, it identified some of these incorrectly as common urinary tract flora. Reproducibility of results, both within laboratories and among different laboratories, was high. Fast-growing organisms, such as E. coli and Klebsiella/Enterobacter species, were detected often at cell populations well below the AMS enumeration threshold of 70,000/ml. In mixed culture studies, high levels of sensitivity and specificity were maintained but when Serratia species were present in mixtures with other organisms, there was often a false positive report of E. coli. The overall performance of the AMS was considered satisfactory under the test conditions used.

Current laser dentistry

Abstract: Current laser dentistry since our initial studies in 1964 is reviewed. Three areas are considered: routine dental office practice, tooth restoration, and oral surgery. For tooth restoration and oral surgery, CO2 and neodymium:YAG lasers are used and lasers are used in photodynamic therapy for oral cancer. Dental office practice today is concerned mostly with uncontrolled studies of biostimulation and requires more basic research and controlled clinical studies. The laser industry in the United States should take a more active interest in defining the applications of lasers in dentistry.

Linear growth of chronic asthmatic children: the effects of the disease and various forms of steroid therapy

Abstract: The effects of asthma per se and of various oral steroid-treatment schedules on linear growth in 231 children with chronic severe asthma (6.2-16.2 years of age) were evaluated. Asthmatic children who had never received steroids and those who received occasional steroids, had comparable growth retardation, averaging approximately 1 standard deviation (s.d.) below their age- and sex-specific predicted means. Children who had been treated for 2 years or longer with alternate-day or daily steroids also did not differ from each other, with both groups averaging approximately 2 s.d. below their predicted means. Growth stunting, intermediate in severity, was found in children treated with frequent intermittent steroids. For groups with steroid medication-histories of never, occasional, intermittent, alternate-day and daily, the percentage of children with 2 or more s.d. below their predicted heights were 25, 17.4, 28, 50 and 45.5 respectively. The duration and dosage of daily steroid-treatment correlated positively with severity of growth retardation. In addition to norms, the children were also compared with a healthy, same-sex sibling and with predictions from their parents' heights. Regardless of the comparison used, the results were similar. Since genetic and socio-economic factors are controlled by the latter two comparisons, the data indicate that these factors played no role in growth retardation in these children. Growth retardation in asthma appears to be due to the disease itself, and is accelerated by steroid therapy.

Acid and base effects on avian osteoclast activity.

Abstract: Osteoclasts generate a massive acid flux to mobilize bone calcium. Local extracellular acidification by polarized vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase, balanced by contralateral HCO3-(-)Cl- exchange to maintain physiological intracellular pH, is theorized to drive this process. It follows that extracellular pH, PCO2, or HCO3- concentration ([HCO3-]) should impact bone matrix dissolution. However, the effects on bone resorption of the concentrations of these ions or their transmembrane gradients are unknown. Furthermore, because bone management is a vital process, regulatory feedback may minimize such effects. Thus a complex relationship between bone resorption and pH, PCO2, and [HCO3-] is expected but requires experimental determination. We measured bone resorption by isolated avian osteoclasts while varying these parameters across the physiological range. Bone degradation increased 50% from pH 7.3 to 6.7, whether achieved by changing [HCO3-] (2.3-38 mM) at constant HCO3- or PCO2 (15-190 mmHg) at constant [HCO3-]. However, at constant pH, changing PCO2 and [HCO3-] within physiological limits did not affect bone resorption. In contrast, total HCO3- removal at pH 7.4 reduced bone degradation by rat or avian osteoclasts substantially, confirming that normal acid secretion requires HCO3-. These observations support a model coupling osteoclastic bone resorption to proton and HCO3- transport but indicate that [HCO3-] is not rate limiting under physiological conditions. Extracellular pH changes affect osteoclastic bone resorption measurably, but not dramatically, at physiological [HCO3-].