Jewish Hospital

About: Jewish Hospital is a healthcare organization based out in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Antigen & Population. The organization has 3881 authors who have published 3414 publications receiving 123044 citations.

Pituitary-gonadal function in Klinefelter syndrome before and during puberty.

Abstract: Serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, and estradiol were determined at intervals before and during puberty in 40 individuals with Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY karyotype), of whom 27 had been detected in neonatal cytogenetic screening programs. Prior to the appearance of secondary sexual changes, basal serum hormone concentrations and acute responses to stimulation with gonadotropin-releasing hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin were normal. The timing of the onset of clinical puberty was normal. Early pubertal boys showed initial testicular growth and normal serum testosterone levels, while serum follicle-stimulating hormone and estradiol concentrations were significantly elevated. By midpuberty, the Klinefelter subjects were uniformly hypergonadotropic and their testicular growth had ceased. Serum testosterone concentrations after age 15 remained in the low-normal adult range. Serum estradiol levels remained high, irrespective of the presence or absence of gynecomastia. Exaggerated responses to gonadotropin-releasing hormone are seen in pubertal subjects with elevated basal gonadotropin values.

Metallothionein protection against alcoholic liver injury through inhibition of oxidative stress.

Abstract: Antioxidants are likely potential pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of alcoholic liver disease. Metallothionein (MT) is a cysteine-rich protein and functions as an antioxidant. This study was designed to determine whether MT confers resistance to acute alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity and to explore the mechanistic link between oxidative stress and alcoholic liver injury. MT-overexpressing transgenic and wild-type mice were administrated three gastric doses of alcohol at 5 g/kg. Liver injury, oxidative stress, and ethanol metabolism-associated changes were determined. Acute ethanol administration in the wild-type mice caused prominent microvesicular steatosis, along with necrosis and elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase. Ultrastructural changes of the hepatocytes include glycogen and fat accumulation, organelle abnormality, and focal cytoplasmic degeneration. This acute alcohol hepatotoxicity was significantly inhibited in the MT-transgenic mice. Furthermore, ethanol treatment decreased hepatic-reduced glutathione, but increased oxidized glutathione along with lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and superoxide generation in the wild-type mice. This hepatic oxidative stress was significantly suppressed in the MT-transgenic mice. However, MT did not affect the ethanol metabolism-associated decrease in NAD(+)/NADH ratio or increase in cytochrome P450 2E1. In conclusion, MT is an effective agent in cytoprotection against alcohol-induced liver injury, and hepatic protection by MT is likely through inhibition of alcohol-induced oxidative stress.

Bypass angioplasty revascularization investigation: Patient screening, selection, and recruitment*

Abstract: Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is currently performed in many patients seeking care because of severe manifestations of multivessel coronary artery disease. Previously, the maiority of such patients would have undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). No definitive evidence is available as to which initial revascularizatian strategy has the best long-term clinical and economic outcomes. The Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI) is the largest of several recent clinical trials that were designed to test the hypothesis that an initial strategy of PTCA in selected patients with multivessel coronary artery disease does not compromise long-term clinical outcome compared with an initial strategy of CABG. This report describes how patients were screened, selected, and recruited in BARI and how this process may influence the results and the interpretation of the trial. During the enrollment period, 25,200 patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography at the participating institutions or with oH-site angiograms referred to BARI investigatow were screened for BARI eligibility. Excluded from screening were patients without coronary artery disease, those with single-vessel disease, prior revascularization, primary congenital, valvular, or myocardial disease, and age >80 years. Slightly more than half of the patients screened (12,670) were not clinically eligible for BARI because of left main disease, insufficient symptoms, emergency revascularization, or other logistic reasons. Thus, 12,530 patients had severe angina and/or ischemia and were clinically eligible for BARI. Nearly 33% of them (4,110) had multivessel disease, which was suitable for both PTCA and CABG. Of the 8,420 patients (67%) who were technically unsuitable, 60% were judged not to be candidates for PTCA, only 3% for CABG, and 3% for both procedures. Nearly half (1,829) of the patients who were clinically and angiographically eligible were randomly assigned to either PTCA (915) or CABG (914). The remaining 2,281 patients did not consent to randomization but 2,013 (88%) agreed to be followed in the eligible, not randomized registry. In addition, a random sample of 422 patients judged to be technically unsuitable for PTCA and/or CABG was enrolled in a registry of angiographic exclusions. Finally, to document ongoing revascularization practice patterns, the BARI investigators have provided semiannual 1-week surveys of all revascularizations at their respective centers as well as a 1-time survey at other institutions in the United States and Canada. Interpretation of the results of the BARI requires understanding the patient population entered into the study. Of the 25,200 patients with multivessel coronary artery disease age <80 years screened for the study, 12,670 were excluded for a variety of reasons (mostly left main disease or insufficient angina to warrant revascularization), and 8,420 were excluded because of technical unsuitability for both procedures. Of the eligible patients, 1,829 were entered into the study and randomized. Nonrandomized patients and a sample of ineligible patients were enrolled into registries. The data from the BARI registries and surveys will be important to put into perspective the relative long-term efficacy and safety of PTCA and CABG in patients who are suitable for both procedures