Jewish Hospital

About: Jewish Hospital is a healthcare organization based out in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Antigen & Population. The organization has 3881 authors who have published 3414 publications receiving 123044 citations.

Techniques and results in the management of anal and perianal Crohn's disease.

Abstract: We reviewed our experience with 73 patients who had Crohn's disease and underwent local anorectal surgical procedures for perianal suppurative disease during a ten year period. All but one of these patients had intestinal granulomatous disease. The average length of follow-up study was 4.6 years. By using conservative, local anorectal surgical procedures and intensive medical treatment, we were able to establish adequate drainage of abscesses, reduce the inflammatory process and relieve symptoms. Extensive drainage procedures were avoided to preserve the anal sphincter. A sliding endorectal flap repair provided satisfactory results for rectovaginal fistulas and anterior anal fistulas. Proctectomy was eventually necessary in nine patients, the primary indication being severe perianal disease in five. By performing complete excision of the perineal disease at the time of proctectomy, we were able to achieve primary healing of the perineal wound in eight of these patients. Patients were classified according to five categories of results: healed after initial local treatment, eight patients; healed after more than one local treatment, 30 patients; incomplete healing with acceptable condition, 17 patients; healed after fecal diversion, nine patients, and required proctectomy, nine patients. The majority of patients with Crohn's disease and anal and perianal suppurative disease can be managed by meticulous drainage of sepsis and preservation of the anal sphincter.

Differences in the implications of maternal lipids on fetal metabolism and growth between gestational diabetes mellitus and control pregnancies.

Abstract: Diabet. Med. 28, 1053–1059 (2011) Abstract Aims To evaluate the potential contribution of maternal glucose and lipids to fetal metabolic variables and growth in pregnancies with normal glucose tolerance in comparison with pregnancies with well-controlled gestational diabetes previously reported by us. Methods In 190 pregnancies with normal oral glucose tolerance tests (controls), insulin, glucose and lipid components were determined in maternal and arterial cord blood serum. Birthweight and neonatal fat mass were obtained after delivery. Values were adjusted for maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, Caesarean section and gestational age. Measurements were compared with those of gestational diabetes previously reported. Results Maternal serum glucose, triacylglycerol, free fatty acid and cholesterol levels did not differ between control pregnancies and those with gestational diabetes, whereas insulin, homeostasis model assessment and glycerol values were significantly lower in the former (2.6 vs. 5.6 μmol/l and 176 vs. 193 μmol/l, respectively). In contrast, cord blood glucose and free fatty acids were significantly lower in control pregnancies than in those with gestational diabetes (3.9 vs. 4.4 mmol/l and 80.7 vs. 137 μmol/l, respectively); the same was valid for insulin (0.03 vs. 0.05 nmol/l) and homeostasis model assessment (1.0 vs. 1.87). In control pregnancies, maternal serum glucose, free fatty acids and glycerol correlated with those in cord blood, but not with neonatal weight and fat mass, as seen for free fatty acids in those with gestational diabetes. The negative correlation between cord blood triacylglycerols and neonatal weight or fat mass previously reported in gestational diabetes could not be confirmed in control pregnancies, where all fetal lipids showed a positive correlation to neonatal anthropometrics. Conclusion In normal pregnancies, in contrast to those with gestational diabetes, maternal lipids do not influence neonatal weight. Similar levels of maternal lipids in pregnancies with gestational diabetes and control pregnancies, but higher free fatty acids in the cord blood of those with gestational diabetes, indicate their enhanced placental transport and/or enhanced lipolysis as a result of decreased fetal insulin responsiveness.

Elevation of RNA coding for tyrosine hydroxylase in rat adrenal gland by reserpine treatment and exposure to cold.

Abstract: When rats are treated daily with reserpine or maintained at 4 degrees C, the level of a specific RNA coding for tyrosine hydroxylase is elevated in the adrenal gland. The increase in this specific RNA temporally precedes and is quantitatively equal to the increase in adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme activity elicited by these treatments. These results suggest that prolonged stress may lead to changes in the levels of specific RNA species in the adrenal gland.

Secular trends in the familial transmission of alcoholism.

Abstract: This is a study of the familial transmission of alcoholism in the families of 60 female and 240 male alcoholics ascertained in four psychiatric hospital units and in a local parole office. Eight hundred and thirty-one interviewed first-degree relatives and 125 spouses are included. The lifetime population prevalences of alcoholism in white males and females based on the Epidemiological Catchment Area Study in St. Louis were compared with the family rates. A semistructured comprehensive interview schedule (Home Environment and Lifetime Psychiatric Evaluation Record) was used and diagnoses made according to Feighner criteria for alcoholism. The methods of Survival Analysis established the presence of strong secular trends in the age-of-onset and lifetime prevalence of alcoholism in these families and in the general population. Accordingly, new methods for the analysis of family data that incorporate secular variation were developed. The Multifactorial Model of Disease Transmission was used to estimate familial correlations and these were parameterized by the "Tau" model of Familial Transmission. The model does not assume that all familial resemblance is due to genetic factors, but also includes the possibility of nongenetic transmission. Our analyses confirmed that more recently born cohorts of individuals had increased expected lifetime prevalences of alcoholism and decreased ages of onset, when compared with older cohorts. Separate age-of-onset distributions were required for males and females and the secular trends in age-of-onset were greatest in females. The differences between males and females were least in more recently born cohorts suggesting that sex-specific differences in the family and population distribution of alcoholism are decreasing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Hyperoxia-induced cell death in the lung--the correlation of apoptosis, necrosis, and inflammation.

Abstract: Prolonged exposure to hyperoxia causes tissue damage in many organs and tissues. Since the entire surface area of lung epithelium is directly exposed to O2 and other inhaled agents, hyperoxia leads to the development of both acute and chronic lung injuries.These pathologic changes in the lung can also be seen in acute lung injury (ALI) in response to other agents. Simple strategies to mitigate hyperoxia-induced ALI might not be effective by virtue of merely reducing or augmenting the extent of apoptosis of pulmonary cells. Identification of the specific cell types undergoing apoptosis and further understanding of the precise timing of the onset of apoptosis may be necessary in order to gain a greater understanding of the connection between apoptosis and tolerance to hyperoxia and ALI. Attention should also be focused on other forms of non-apoptotic programmed cell death.