Showing papers by "Jodhpur National University published in 2012"

Effect of hyaluronan on periodontitis: A clinical and histological study

Abstract: Background: Conventional, non-surgical periodontal therapy consists of supra- and subgingival tooth debridement. However, it is a technically demanding procedure and is not always efficient at eradicating all periodontal pathogens and in reducing inflammation. Therefore, local subgingival application of other chemotherapeutic agents may be used as an adjunct to non-surgical therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and histological outcomes of local subgingival application of 0.2% hyaluronic acid gel (GENGIGEL®) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in chronic periodontitis patients. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty sites were chosen from 26 patients with chronic periodontitis (criteria being periodontal pockets ≥5mm). Experimental sites additionally received HA gel subgingivally at baseline, 1 st , 2 nd , and 3 rd week. Clinical parameters were re-assessed at 4 th , 6 th , and 12 th week. At 4 th week recall, a gingival biopsy was obtained from test and control site for histologic examination. Results: Intra-group analysis of all the clinical parameters at all sites from baseline to 4 th , 6 th , and 12 th week showed statistically significant changes. Experimental sites showed statistically significant improvement in Gingival index and Bleeding index at 6 th and 12 th week when compared with control sites. However, no statistically significant differences were observed in the PPD and RAL between control and experimental sites at 4 th , 6 th , and 12 th week time interval. No statistically significant association was found between the histological grading of the sites that received HA treatment. Conclusion: Subgingival placement of 0.2% HA gel along with SRP provided a significant improvement in gingival parameters. However, no additional benefit was found in periodontal parameters. Histologically, experimental sites showed reduced inflammatory infiltrate, but it was not statistically significant.

Various treatment options for benign prostatic hyperplasia: A current update

Abstract: In benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) there will be a sudden impact on overall quality of life of patient. This disease occurs normally at the age of 40 or above and also is associated with sexual dysfunction. Thus, there is a need of update on current medications of this disease. The presented review provides information on medications available for BPH. Phytotherapies with some improvements in BPH are also included. Relevant articles were identified through a search of the English-language literature indexed on MEDLINE, PUBMED, Sciencedirect and the proceedings of scientific meetings. The search terms were BPH, medications for BPH, drugs for BPH, combination therapies for BPH, Phytotherapies for BPH, Ayurveda and BPH, BPH treatments in Ayurveda. Medications including watchful waitings, Alpha one adrenoreceptor blockers, 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, combination therapies including tamsulosin-dutasteride, doxazosin-finasteride, terazosin-finasteride, tolterodine-tamsulosin and rofecoxib-finasteride were found. Herbal remedies such as Cernilton, Saxifraga stolonifera, Zi-Shen Pill (ZSP), Orbignya speciosa, Phellodendron amurense, Ganoderma lucidum, Serenoa Repens, pumpkin extract and Lepidium meyenii (Red Maca) have some improvements on BPH are included. Other than these discussions on Ayurvedic medications, TURP and minimally invasive therapies (MITs) are also included. Recent advancements in terms of newly synthesized molecules are also discussed. Specific alpha one adrenoreceptor blockers such as tamsulosin and alfuzosin will remain preferred choice of urologists for symptom relief. Medications with combination therapies are still needs more investigation to establish as preference in initial stage for fast symptom relief reduced prostate growth and obviously reduce need for BPH-related surgery. Due to lack of proper evidence Phytotherapies are not gaining much advantage. MITs and TURP are expensive and are rarely supported by healthcare systems.

Oral manifestations in chronic renal failure patients attending two hospitals in North Karnataka, India.

Abstract: Aim To determine the nature, incidence, and severity of oral manifestations that occur in chronic renal failure (CRF) in patients attending two hospitals in North Karnataka, in comparison with healthy, disease-free controls. Methods The study was carried out with 200 individuals (100 CRF patients and 100 controls). The case group was randomly selected from a population of CRF patients whose glomerular filtration rate (GFR) values were between 15-30 mL/min; the control group was selected in the same age group with normal GFR and was apparently disease free. The patients were asked about dry mouth, taste and halitosis, and mucosal pain, and were examined for oral changes such as tongue coating, pallor, ulceration and enamel hypoplasia. The results obtained from the study were then compared with various other similar studies. Results The most common oral findings in the CRF patients were dry mouth (91%), pallor (87%), altered taste (42%), and halitosis (34%). CRF patients showed significantly more oral changes than those in the control group. These changes could be attributed to metabolic disturbances due to renal failure. Conclusion In the patients studied, the impact of CRF on the oral cavity was evidenced by significant oral changes, which pointed to an inter-relationship between oral health and CRF. Further studies are required to relate the extent of such changes with disease progression.

Synthesis and characterization of carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel: Application as site specific delivery for lercanidipine hydrochloride

Abstract: In the present study, carboxymethylchitosan (CMCS) was prepared from chitosan, crosslinked with glutaraldehyde and evaluated in vitro as a potential carrier for site specific drug delivery of lercanidipine hydrochloride (LERH). LERH was incorporated at the time of crosslinking of CMCS. The chitosan was evaluated for its degree of deacetylation (DD) and average molecular weight, which were found to be 84·6% and 3·5 × 104 Da, respectively. The degree of substitution on prepared CMCS was found to be 0·68. All hydrogel formulations showed more than 86% and 77% yield and drug loading, respectively. The swelling behaviour of prepared hydrogels were checked in different pH values, 1·2, 6·8 and 7·4, indicated pH responsive swelling characteristic with very less swelling at pH 1·2 and quick swelling at pH 6·8 followed by linear swelling at pH 7·4 with slight increase. In vitro release profile was carried out at the same conditions as in swelling and drug release was found to be dependent on swelling of hydrogels and showed biphasic release pattern with non-fickian diffusion kinetics at higher pH. The carboxymethylation of chitosan, entrapment of drug and its interaction in prepared hydrogels were checked by FTIR, 1H-NMR, DSC and p-XRD studies, which confirmed formation of CMCS from chitosan and absence of any significant chemical change in LERH after being entrapped in crosslinked hydrogel formulations. The surface morphology of formulation S6 was checked before and after dissolution, revealed open channel like pores formation after dissolution.

Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Prazosin, Terazosin, and Doxazosin in Pharmaceutical Formulations.

Abstract: The current study was carried out with an attempt to separate similarly structured title drugs by liquid chromatography. Spectrophotometric techniques were generally insufficient under these conditions because of the spectral overlapping of drugs with similar functional groups. The pharmaceutical drugs prazosin, terazosin, and doxazosin contain the same parent quinazoline nucleus, thus making it especially difficult to separate the former two drugs because of their very similar structures. A simple and sensitive method for the routine determination of these drugs in pharmaceutical formulations was attempted. We found that the mobile phase consisting of A: ACN–diethylamine (0.05 ml), B: methanol, and C: 10 mM Ammonium acetate separated these drugs effectively. Separations were carried out on a new Kromasil C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5.0 μm) at 254 nm wavelength. The calibration curve was found to be linear in the range of 2–500 μg/ml. The stated method was then validated in terms of specificity, linearity, precision, and accuracy. Additionally, the proposed method reduced the duration of the analysis.

Synthesis and characterization of carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel: application as pH-sensitive delivery for nateglinide

Abstract: In current research, chitosan was reacted with mono-chloroacetic acid under alkaline condition to prepare carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCTs). The degree of substitution (Ds) on prepared CMCTs was found to be 0.68. CMCTs was used as a potential carrier for pH specific delivery of nateglinide after crosslinked using glutaraldehyde in presence of nateglinide. The average molecular weight and degree of deacetylation (DD) of chitosan were found to be 3.5x104 Da and 84.6% respectively. High yield (82%) and loading of drug (75%) were found in the developed hydrogel formulations. pH responsive swelling behavior of prepared hydrogels was checked using different pH values (1.2, 6.8 and 7.4). The study indicated very less swelling at pH 1.2 (for first 2 h) and quick swelling at pH 6.8 (for next 3 h) followed by linear swelling at pH 7.4 (for next 7 h) with slight increase. In vitro release profile of hydrogels showed biphasic release pattern dependent on swelling behavior. The release pattern was found to be non-fickian diffusion kinetics at higher pH. FTIR, 1H-NMR, DSC and p-XRD studies were carried out to confirm the formation of CMCTs, drug entrapment and its possible interaction in formulations. These studies revealed that no chemical change was found in nateglinide during preparation of hydrogel formulations. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to study the surface morphology of prepared hydrogels before and after dissolution which revealed pores formation after dissolution.

Nucleic Acids as Therapeutics

Abstract: Gene therapy is a technique for correcting defective genes responsible for disease development. Nucleic acid-based molecules (deoxyribonucleic acid, complementary deoxyribonucleic acid, complete genes, ribonucleic acid, and oligonucleotides) are utilized as research tools within the broad borders of gene therapy and the emerging field of molecular medicine. Although most of the nucleic acid-based drugs are in early stages of clinical trials, these classes of compounds have emerged in recent years to yield extremely promising candidates for drug therapy to a wide range of diseases, including cancer, infectious diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases, cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, and other genetic disorders. Gene therapy may be classified into two types: somatic and germ line gene therapy. There are many ethical, social, and commercial issues raised by the prospects of treating patients using gene therapy. This chapter summarizes deoxyribonucleic acid-based therapeutics, ribonucleic acid-based therapeutics, and gene transfer technologies. Deoxyribonucleic acid-based therapeutics includes plasmids, oligonucleotides for antisense and antigene applications, deoxyribonucleic acid aptamers, and deoxyribonucleic acidzymes, while ribonucleic acid-based therapeutics includes ribonucleic acid aptamers, ribonucleic acid decoys, antisense ribonucleic acid, ribozymes, small interfering ribonucleic acid, and micro ribonucleic acid. This chapter also includes current status of gene therapy and recent developments in gene therapy research.

Micro-marsupialization: A minimally invasive technique for mucocele in children and adolescents

Abstract: Background: Most common lesions seen in children are mucoceles. Different techniques have been described for their treatment; however, most of them are invasive. Objective: Aim of the study was to compare the practicability of micro-marsupialization with surgical excision in treatment of mucoceles. Materials and Methods: A pilot study was done on 15 patients to evaluate and compare variables like lesion evolution, surgical time period, healing, complications etc. when lesions were treated with micro-marsupialization and surgical excision. Results: Most of the mucoceles diagnosed in this pilot study were found in lower lip. Amongst cases that were treated with micro-marsupialization, recurrence was seen only in one case, whereas there were 3 cases of recurrence seen in surgical excision group. No statistically significant difference was found between the treatment methods used. Conclusion: Micro-marsupialization can be a non-invasive option to treat mucoceles in pediatric dentistry owing to its simplicity, fewer complications involved and as well that it's well-tolerated by patients.

Epidemiological relationship of oral lichen planus to hepatitis C virus in an Indian population.

Abstract: Aim The relationship between the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and oral lichen planus (OLP) remains a controversial subject for clinicians. Many studies aimed at studying the association between HCV and OLP have been conducted over the years. Geographical variations have been shown to be a major factor influencing this association. This study aimed at determining whether such an epidemiological relationship exists in an Indian population. Methods One hundred and thirty clinically and histopathologically confirmed OLP patients (46 males and 84 females, mean age 43.47±10.48 years) and 130 age- and gender matched controls were examined for serological evidence of chronic hepatic disease, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and anti-HCV seropositivity. The blood samples were collected from both the groups and subjected to biochemical analysis for total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase enzymes using a semi-automated biochemistry analyser. HBsAg and antibody to HCV were tested by ELISA. Statistical analysis was calculated using Levene's test and the independent t-test. Results No significant difference between serum levels of total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase was observed between both groups. All patients with OLP had normal liver function. None of the patients with OLP or the control subjects had antigens for HBsAg and HCV. Conclusion Patients with OLP did not have any evidence of chronic liver disease or HBV or HCV infection. The exact mechanism that exists between the association of HCV and OLP still remains unclear and this study rejects the hypothesis that established a co-relation between OLP and HCV infection.

Evaluation of in-vitro anti-oxidant and free radical scavenging activities of Withania somnifera and Aloe vera.

Abstract: In this study, In-vitro Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of Withania somnifera (WS) and Aloe vera (AV) extract were evaluated in series of in vitro assays. Anti-oxidants are vital substances which possess the ability to protect the body from damage caused by free radical induced oxidative stress. In this present study we investigated anti-oxidant and free radical scavenging activity of Withania somnifera and Aloe vera by Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, Hydrogen peroxide-scavenging assay, Super oxide scavenging activity, Reducing power, Chelating capacity, Total antioxidant activity. The results showed that both the plant possesses excellent anti-oxidant and free radical scavenging activity. Screening of both the plant at different doses (100, 150 and 200 μg/ml) help to reveal the potential of individual plants. Withania somnifera shown better hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, reducing power and superoxide radical scavenging activity compare to Aloe vera. While Aloe vera possesses better chelating power then Withania somnifera. Both the plant possesses almost equivalent hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity while the total antioxidant capacity was found much better in Withania somnifera as compare to Aloe vera. The antioxidant activity of both the plant might be attributed to its polyphenolic content and other phytochemicals constituents. The findings of the present study suggest that all extracts could be a potential source of natural antioxidant that could have great importance as therapeutic agents.

Impact of a modified carbonated beverage on human dental plaque and salivary pH: an in vivo study.

Abstract: Background: To assess the plaque and salivary pH changes at different time intervals in vivo after consumption of a carbonated beverage modified with sodium fluoride and calcium phosphate Materials and Methods: Twenty-four subjects aged 18-25 years were recruited and randomly assigned to three groups (group A, original drink sprite; group B, sprite with sodium fluoride; group C, sprite with calcium phosphate) Collection of pooled plaque and unstimulated saliva was done before and after the drinks were consumed by the subjects at 5-, 10-, 20- and 30-minute intervals Results: The pH rise was higher with group C for plaque and group B for saliva Conclusions: Modification of the test carbonated beverage with calcium phosphate and fluoride may exert some protective potential, especially in high caries risk candidates

Effect of sulphur dioxide on plant biochemicals

Abstract: The effect of SO2 on biochemical in (Brassica juncea [L.] Czern. and Coss. cv. Pusa Bold; Raphanus sativus L.cv. Mino Early Long White).In exposed seedlings SO2 concentration ranging (653, 1306, 2612&3918 µg m-3SO2). Resulted accumulation of metabolites especially ascorbic acid is the adaptive mechanisms that operate in plants, when exposed to SO2 stress. Appreciable decrease due to SO2 was observed in ascorbic acid content of Raphanus sativus plants. Carbohydrate level in plant is also influenced by SO2 exposures, the possible reason for decreased sugar content in plants under SO2 stress. All four concentrations of SO2 caused reduction in carbohydrate in both crops except at 653 µg m–3of SO2 where a rise in carbohydrate level was seen. A perusal of literature suggests that SO2 had a marked impact on protein content of leaves and seeds. They reported that protein degradation under SO2 stress was either due to decreased photosynthesis or due to inhibition of protein synthesis. Appreciable decrease due to 653 µg m–3 and 3918 µg m–3 of SO2 was observed in the protein content of leaves as well as seeds. A marked decline found in the nitrogen& phosphorus content of SO2 fumigated plants. Minerals like nitrogen and phosphorus in leaves of Brassica juncea and Raphanus sativus were recorded to be substantially reduced following the longterm exposures of 653, 1306, 2612 and 3918 µg m–3 of SO2. Out of the two crops, SO2 caused more decline in leaf nitrogen content of Raphanus sativus than that of Brassica juncea. The experimental crops, on exposure to SO2 had shown decline in their phosphorus content. The reductions in carbohydrate, protein and mineral content were directly related to decline in chlorophyll content of treated seedlings. Results indicate that calcium hydroxide treatments afforded protective effects against SO2 as evidenced by enhancement in plant length, biomass accumulation, leaf area and yield of both crops. When SO2 exposed plants were periodically sprayed with calcium hydroxide their growth performance was improved. The effect of SO2 on biochemical breakdown and rate of photosynthesis was due mostly to the specific direct action of SO2 and was not a function of increased acidity.

Estimation of serum insulin, Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance and C-peptide can help identify possible cardiovascular disease risk in thyroid disorder patients

Abstract: Aim: We aimed at evaluating the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk of thyroid disorder patients at diagnosis, using the traditional lipid profile, apo-B and apo-A1 in correlation with serum insulin and insulin resistance (IR) and C-peptide. Background: With an ever increasing incidence of CVD in most urban populations, there has been a demand for newer techniques that could help in the early detection of the risk of this disease complex. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 100 healthy controls and 150 hypothyroid and 70 hyperthyroid patients, coming for the first time to our OPDs. The patients were selected on the basis of symptomatology and serum T3, T4, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) evaluations. They were then analyzed for body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), serum insulin, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), C-peptide, lipid profile and apo-B and -A1. Statistical analysis was done using Student's “t” test and Spearman's coefficient of correlation. Results: The hypothyroid patients presented with high BMI, diastolic hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, IR and raised serum C-peptide. There was highly significant correlation of serum insulin, HOMA-IR and C-peptide with lipid fractions and CVD risk ratios, T. chol/HDLc and apo-B/apo-A1, in hypothyroid patients. The hyperthyroid patients presented with systolic hypertension and a significant correlation of T. chol/HDLc with HOMA-IR. Hyperthyroid patients also had hyperinsulinemia, but reduced serum C-peptide levels. Conclusion: We conclude that the estimation of traditional lipid profile along with serum insulin, IR, C-peptide, apo-A1 and apo-B would not only help assess the thyroid status, but can also help in the early evaluation of a possible risk of CVD.

Effect and evaluation of antihyperlipidemic activity guided isolated fraction from total methanol extract of Salvadora oleoides (Decne.) in Triton WR-1339 Induced hyperlipidemic rats

Abstract: Background: Hyperlipidemia is implicated as the cause for coronary heart diseases. Though varieties of synthetic drugs are used in the treatment, still the searches are on for better medicaments especially from the plant kingdom. Many medicinal plants have been studied in this context but most of them are seasonal or have restricted availability. One such weed, available throughout the year is Salvadora oleoides (decne.). Materials and Methods: Column chromatographic fractionation of the butanol fraction of leaves of Salvadora oleoides (decne.) yielded four fractions (fraction A-D). All sub-fractions were tested for their anti-hyperlipidemic activity. Fractions were administered at a dose of 65 mg/kg (oral) to the Triton WR-1339 induced hyperlipidemic rats. Results: Sub-fraction D showed maximum significant reduction (P<0.05) among four sub-fractions in comparison with standard drug fenofibrate. Conclusion: Further studies on the isolated fractions and constituents are needed to isolate compound responsible for activity and elucidate the mechanism by which Salvadora oleoides (decne.) exerts protective effects against hyperlipidemia.

Complex odontoma: report of two unusual cases

Abstract: Odontomas are the most common benign, slow-growing and nonaggressive odontogenic tumors of the jaws. They are usually clinically asymptomatic and are diagnosed on routine radiological examination in the second decade of life. The eruption and infection of odontomas are uncommon and very few cases are reported in the literature. This paper reports two cases of complex odontomas with such unusual features.

Antioxidant potential and total phenolic content of methanolic bark extract of Madhuca indica (koenig) Gmelin

Abstract: This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of methanolic extract of Madhuca indica bark in varios systems. DPPH radical, superoxide anion radical, nitric oxide radical, hydroxyl radical, lipid peroxidation, and total phenolic content assays were carried out to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the extract. The percentage inhibition of 40 μg/ml concentration of MMI in DPPH radical scavenging model was found as 74.1%. The scavenging of nitric oxide by the plant extract was concentration dependent and IC(50) value of rutin was found to be 161.7 μg/ml. MMI elicited significant and concentration-dependent superoxide radical scavenging effect with MMI as well as standard curcumin, which exhibited IC(50) values of 38.1 and 5.84 μg/ml, respectively. MMI demonstrated significant scavenging activity of OH(-) radical generated from Fe(2+)-ascorbate-EDTA-H(2)O(2) in a concentration-dependent manner. The extract showed a significant dose-dependent free radical scavenging activity in all the models. The extract showed the presence of high phenolic content corresponding to 98.48 μg equivalent of gallic acid and the antioxidant activity could be attributed to this.

Biodegradable anionic acrylic resin based hollow microspheres of moderately water soluble drug Rosiglitazone Maleate: preparation and in vitro characterization

Abstract: Background: Most of floating systems have an inbuilt limitation of high variability in the gastric retention time, invariably affecting the bioavailability of drug. An oral sustained release system is formulated to increase gastric residence time by a different way like floating.Aim: The objective of present investigation was to prepare hollow microspheres of Rosiglitazone Maleate in order to increase its bioavailability and reduce the dose frequency.Method: Hollow microspheres of Rosiglitazone Maleate were prepared by O/W emulsion-solvent diffusion technique using biodegradable anionic acrylic resin as a polymer. A mixture of dichloromethane and ethanol (1:1) used as solvent system for drug and polymer with water containing polyvinyl alcohol and salt as external aqueous phase.Result: Entrapment efficiency of drug was increased upto 89.71% as a result of salting out effect. The morphology of Eudragit S100 based microspheres in comparison to Ethyl cellulose and hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) was fo...

Porcelain laminate veneer on a highly discolored tooth: a case report

Abstract: Porcelain Laminate Veneer is used widely throughout the world for esthetic correction for discolored and damaged tooth structures. Esthetic treatment of a single darkened tooth represents a great challenge to the dental practitioner. The properties of dental ceramic - colour stability, mechanical strength, clinical longevity, esthetic appearance and compatibility with periodontal tissues make this material a good choice for such treatment. A case of restoration of a single highly darkened anterior tooth with a feldspathic porcelain veneer. Resolution involved preparation of the dental structure. Conservative use of porcelain laminate veneers provides satisfactory esthetic outcomes and preserves sound tooth structure. The patient was very satisfied with the result and had no complaints in the follow-ups.

A general overview of gingiva

Abstract: The gingiva (gum) is the protective type of skin that is closely adapted to the necks of the teeth and covers the bone holding the roots of the teeth. Healthy gingiva is usually coral pink, but may contain physiologic pigmentation. Changes in color, particularly increased redness, together with edema and an increased tendency to bleed, suggest an inflammation that is possibly due to the accumulation of bacterial plaque. This article throws light on the types of gingiva, different cells present in gingiva, gingival disease etc. A review of some patents on gingiva is also provided that summarizes the recent advancements taken place in this area.

Dental caries- a widely growing disease of teeth

Abstract: Dental caries called as tooth decay is basically a disease in which bacterial processes changes carbohydrate to acid. This acid then dematerializes the hard tooth structure. They are produced when demineralization amount exceeds the remineralization amount. Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus are the bacteria responsible for the dental caries. This article throws light on the dental caries disease, its sign and symptoms, treatment, prevention and risk factors associated with it. A review of some patents on dental caries is also provided that summarizes the recent technical advancements taken place in this area.

A general overview of periodontal pockets

Abstract: A periodontal pocket refers to an unusually deep gingival sulcus. When the sulcular depth exceeds three millimeters, regular brushing cannot effectively remove debris from the area. At this point, dental intervention is necessary in order to thoroughly clean the infected area. If a deep gingival sulcus is not attended to, debris build-up could lead to a weakened tooth due to loosening of the attachment fibers that hold teeth in place. This article throws light on the normal appearance of gingiva, gingival disease periodontal pockets, etc. A review of some patents on periodontal pockets is also provided that summarizes the recent advancements taken place in this area.

A case reporting odontoma

Abstract: Odontomas are the most common of the odontogenic tumors of the jaws which are benign slow growing and non-aggressive. Odontomas are usually asymptomatic but sometimes may interfere with the eruption of the associated tooth leading to impaction or delayed eruption. These lesions are usually diagnosed on routine radiological examination in the second decade of the life. A case report of 54 year old female is presented. It is tried to discuss the etiology, clinical presentation, histopathological features and treatment aspects of odontomas

Periodontal infections as a risk factor for various systemic diseases

Abstract: A healthy periodontium is needed for the general well being of an individual. However, periodontal diseases are common and periodontal infections are increasingly associated with systemic diseases. The literature is focused on the association between periodontal infections and systemic diseases. The individuals with periodontal disease may be at higher risk for adverse medical outcomes including cardiovascular diseases, respiratory infections, adverse pregnancy outcomes, rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes mellitus. Many cohorts, in vitro and animal studies suggest that systemic inflammation due to pathogens associated with periodontal disease may play a role in the initiation and progression of some systemic diseases. Periodontal infections should therefore be considered as a risk factor for various systemic diseases.

Alginate dressings: an overview

Abstract: Alginate dressings are highly absorbent, biodegradable material derived from the seaweed They are used to cleanse wide variety of secreting lesions They show high absorptivity which is achieved via strong hydrophilic gel formation, this limits the wound secretions, promotes wound healing and also minimizes the bacterial contamination Alginate dressings are very useful for moderate to heavily exudating wounds This article throws light on the alginate dressing and its importance medical science Patents are the richest source of the latest technological information A review of some patents on alginate dressing is provided that summarizes the recent technical advancements taken place in this area

Effect of sulphur dioxide on plant chlorophyll on the family of brassicaceae

Abstract: The effect of SO2 on chlorophyll in (Brassica juncea [L.] Czern.and Coss.cv.Pusa Bold; Raphanus sativus L.cv. Mino Early Long White).In exposed seedlings SO2 concentration ranging (653, 1306, 2612&3918 µg m-3 SO2), resulted in a sharp decrease in total chlorophyll content. Both chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b got reduced and declined following the exposure of SO2. This decrease could be due to disturbance in chloroplast ultra structure and because of conversion of chlorophyll into phaeophytin upon exposure to SO2. After spraying of calcium hydroxide the yield in C+ SO2 exposed set was higher than the set of plant exposed to SO2 alone. Maximum reductions were noticed at 3918 µg m-3 of SO2. The breakdown of chlorophyll molecules by SO2 as measured by loss of Mg++ andtotal chlorophyll.