Showing papers by "Jodhpur National University published in 2013"
TL;DR: The most prevalent anomaly in the Indian population was congenitally missing teeth, and the second frequent anomaly was impacted teeth, whereas, macrodontia, odontoma and transposition were the least frequent anomalies.
Abstract: Objectives: Developmental anomalies of the dentition are not infrequently observed by the dental practitioner. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of dental anomalies in the Indian population. Study design: A retrospective study of 4133 panoramic radiographs of patients, who attended the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Jodhpur Dental College General Hospital between September 2008 to December 2012 was done. The ages of the patients ranged from 13 to 38 years with a mean age of 21.8 years. The orthopantomographs (OPGs) and dental records were examined for any unusual finding such as congenitally missing teeth, impactions, ectopic eruption, supernumerary teeth, odontoma, dilacerations, taurodontism, dens in dente, germination and fusion, among others. Results: 1519 (36.7%) patients had at least one dental anomaly. The congenitally missing teeth 673 (16.3%) had the highest prevalence, followed by impacted teeth 641 (15.5%), supernumerary teeth 51 (1.2%) and microdontia 41 (1.0%). Other anomalies were found at lower prevalence ranging from transposition 7 (0.1%) to ectopic eruption 30 (0.7%). Conclusion: The most prevalent anomaly in the Indian population was congenitally missing teeth (16.3%), and the second frequent anomaly was impacted teeth (15.5%), whereas, macrodontia, odontoma and transposition were the least frequent anomalies, with a prevalence of 0.2%, 0.2% and 0.1% respectively. While the overall prevalence of these anomalies may be low, the early diagnosis is imperative for the patient management and treatment planning.
64 citations
10 Jun 2013
TL;DR: The existing equations for thermal performance evaluation, at equal pumping power for the artificially roughened and smooth surfaced multitube and rectangular duct heat exchangers, have been critically reviewed because the literature survey indicates that a large number of researchers have not interpreted these equations correctly as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The existing equations for the thermal performance evaluation, at equal pumping power for the artificially roughened and smooth surfaced multitube and rectangular duct heat exchangers, have been critically reviewed because the literature survey indicates that a large number of researchers have not interpreted these equations correctly. Three of the most widely used equations have been restated with clearly defined constraints and conditions for their application. Two new equations have been developed for the design constraints not covered earlier.
56 citations
TL;DR: The high prevalence necessitates adequate awareness of the various tongue lesions in the general population and the dental clinicians should also be knowledgeable about the etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of these lesions.
Abstract: Objective: Tongue lesions are a health concern for the dental practitioners and the patients as they constitute a significant proportion of oral mucosal lesions. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of various tongue lesions in the Indian population. Material and methods: 4926 patients attending the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology were examined for the presence of various tongue lesions during the period from October, 2010 to September, 2012. The age of the patients ranged from 12-80 years with a mean age of 36.51 years. Results: The prevalence of tongue lesions was 12.07%. The most common lesion diagnosed was coated tongue affecting 28.0% of the subjects, followed by geographic tongue (16.4%), fissured tongue (14.9%) and depapillated tongue (11.5%). Males were more frequently affected than females. The most common systemic condition observed in the patients with tongue lesions was anaemia (189), followed by hypertension (47) and diabetes mellitus (38). Conclusion: The high prevalence necessitates adequate awareness of the various tongue lesions in the general population. The dental clinicians should also be knowledgeable about the etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of these lesions.
56 citations
TL;DR: CHX with or without CH was more effective than CH alone against all the tested micro-organisms and showed higher antimicrobial effect against facultative anaerobes and Candida spp.
Abstract: Aim: To compare the antimicrobial efficacy of calcium hydroxide (CH), 2% chlorhexidine gel (CHX) and a combination of both, on obligate anaerobes, facultative anaerobes and Candida spp . Materials and Methods: 90 single rooted permanent teeth were included in the study. After complete disinfection and access opening, the first microbiological pre-treatment sample (S1) was collected. After completion of instrumentation, a post-instumentation sample (S2) was taken and the teeth were divided into three groups: Group I: CH, Group II: 2% CHX, Group III: 2% CHX with CH. After 1 week, a post-medication sample (S3) was collected. Results: All three medicaments were effective in the elimination of obligate anaerobes. CHX and combination showed higher antimicrobial effect against facultative anaerobes and Candida spp . in comparison with CH. But there was no statistical significant difference between Group II and Group III. Conclusion: CHX with or without CH was more effective than CH alone against all the tested micro-organisms.
39 citations
TL;DR: Results from this study showed that applying pharmaceutical care to hypertensive patients can help in the control of these patients’ blood pressure, and consequently lower the risk that hypertension poses in cardiovascular disease.
Abstract: Objective: The main objective of this study was to assess the effects of pharmaceutical care interventions in patients with essential hypertension in Lakshmi Pat Singhania Institute of Cardiology, Kanpur, India. Methods: The study was carried out from July 2010 to August 2011. Pharmaceutical care was provided for 54 patients (intervention group) which was comprised of the patient education, the prescription assistance and the life style modifications and motivation for health. Then the clinical outcome as well as health related quality of life (HRQOL) were compared with the control group (48 patients) in which the pharmaceutical care was not provided. Furthermore, the effect of pharmaceutical care intervention on HRQOL was assessed using Short Form-36 (SF-36), a general health related quality of life questionnaire used to evaluate the QOL of patients. Blood pressure (BP) measurements and QOL survey was performed at baseline and at the follow-up session. Findings: The difference between blood pressure readings from the baseline to the second follow-up was significant for systolic [(P = 0.0001), 12.24 mmHg] and diastolic BP [(P = 0.001), 5.17 mmHg] in the intervention group. The questionnaire used to evaluate the QOL of patients also showed improvement in the mean score for intervention group. Conclusion: Results from our study showed that applying pharmaceutical care to hypertensive patients can help in the control of these patients' blood pressure, and consequently lower the risk that hypertension poses in cardiovascular disease. Successful implementation of pharmaceutical care has the potential to increase patients' satisfaction with their pharmacists' activities and may increase patients' expectations that pharmacists will work on their behalf to assist them with their healthcare needs.
29 citations
TL;DR: Results from the present study reveal that oral symptoms are common problems in post menopause women and dentists need to refer postmenopausal women with oral symptoms to a gynaecologist for more careful examinations and medical interventions if necessary.
Abstract: Objectives: To know the nature, incidence and severity of oral manifestations occurring in postmenopausal women. Study design: Oral changes were observed in 365 postmenopausal women and 365 age matched male individuals attending the department of Oral Medicine and Radiology. The patients were asked about complaints of dry mouth, taste and breath changes, mucosal and facial pain and were examined for oral changes such as ulceration, white and red lesions. The results obtained from the study were then correlated with various other similar studies. Results: The important oral findings in postmenopausal women were mucosal burning/pain (25.8%), dry mouth (27.1%), altered taste (3.6%), altered breath (6.3%) and facial pain (3.6%). Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) was significantly more common in males (5.5%) as compared to postmenopausal females (1.9%). Conclusion: Results from the present study reveal that oral symptoms are common problems in postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal patients showed significantly more oral changes than the control. These changes could be related to the hormone alterations. Therefore, dentists need to refer postmenopausal women with oral symptoms to a gynaecologist for more careful examinations and medical interventions if necessary.
22 citations
TL;DR: Taurodontism is relatively uncommon in the North Indian population but further large scale studies need to be carried out to assess its prevalence in the general population.
Abstract: Objectives: Taurodontism affects primarily molars and premolars in both the deciduous and permanent dentition. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of taurodontism in the North Indian population. Study Design: 4143 patients were studied by analyzing the panoramic radiographs for the presence of taurodontism which is defined as the presence of an apically displaced pulp chamber and the tooth lacks the usual constriction at the cementoenamel junction. The age of the patients ranged from 13 to 38 years with a mean age of 21.8 years. Results: Taurodontism was found in 17 patients with a prevalence of 0.4% of which 0.21% were males and 0.19% females. Taurodonts were significantly more common in the maxilla (65.6%) than in the mandible (34.4%) (p 0.05). Conclusion: Taurodontism is relatively uncommon in the North Indian population. Further large scale studies need to be carried out to assess its prevalence in the general population. A family history of other anomalies should also be considered for affected patients.
Key words:Taurodontism, prevalence, maxillary second molar.
21 citations
TL;DR: Mesiodens can result in spacing in the arch, delayed or ectopic eruption of the permanent incisors, further altering the occlusion and esthetics of the patient or may remain asymptomatic, therefore it is important for the practitioners to diagnose a mesiodens early in development to allow for optimal treatment plan.
Abstract: Objectives: Mesiodens are the most common supernumerary teeth, occurring in 0.15% to 2.2% of the population. The aim of the present study was to analyze the frequency and radiological features of mesiodens in the pediatric population. Material and methods: The study was based on the radiographic evaluation of 4133 pediatric patients of the age range of 4-15 years, attending the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology during the time period between September 2008 to December 2012. In addition to the presence of a supernumerary tooth between the 2 central incisors, data regarding the number, position, shape and associated complications were also recorded. Results: The prevalence of mesiodens in the present study was 1.4%. The prevalence was estimated using a 95% confidence interval. The ratio of boys to girls was 1.8:1 and majority of cases (89.7%) had 1 mesiodens. Most of the mesiodens (59.6%) were aligned in a vertical position. 39 mesiodens (62.9%) were impacted, while 14 (22.6%) were partially erupted and only 9 (14.5%) were completely erupted into occlusion. The main complication associated with the mesiodens was midline diastema (28.6%) and 16 patients were asymptomatic. Conclusion: Mesiodens can result in spacing in the arch, delayed or ectopic eruption of the permanent incisors, further altering the occlusion and esthetics of the patient or may remain asymptomatic. It is therefore important for the practitioners to diagnose a mesiodens early in development to allow for optimal treatment plan.
Key words:Mesiodens, prevalence, pediatric population, midline diastema.
21 citations
TL;DR: This study further substantiates the ethnopharmacological claims of Corchorus depressus as a sexual stimulating agent and offers a significant potential for studying the effect on male sexual response and its dysfunctions.
20 citations
TL;DR: Results indicated that embelin accelerated wound healing in diabetic rat, with a significant increase in wound contraction and better epithelialization, thereby facilitating the healing.
20 citations
TL;DR: The results of the present study indicate that the association of frictional keratosis with tobacco users and wearers of dentures can help in determining the diagnosis and treatment plan for oral cancer.
Abstract: Aim: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and the relationship of oral mucosal lesions in tobacco users and denture wearers in a North Indian population. Materials and Methods: The study comprised 3,749 patients attending the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Jodhpur Dental College General Hospital between September 2008 and December 2012, for the treatment of dental problems other than oral mucosal lesions. The ages ranged from 28 years to 83 years, with a mean age of 49.7 years. The results were evaluated using the Pearson Chi-square test, with Yate's correction and ANOVA tests. Results: A total of 2,318 patients were diagnosed with lesions associated with the use tobacco and the wearing of dentures. The most frequently seen lesion was melanin pigmentation (29.9%) followed by linea alba (22.2%) and frictional keratosis (19.9%). Ulcers (6.1%) were the most common oral lesion seen in patients who wore dentures, followed by hyperplasia (4.8%). A statistically significant relation (P < 0.05) was established between tobacco and melanin pigmentation, frictional keratosis, traumatic ulcerations and leukoplakia. In those who wore dentures a statistically significant relation (P < 0.05) was found between candidiasis, traumatic ulceration and frictional keratosis. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that the association of frictional keratosis with tobacco users and wearers of dentures can help in determining the diagnosis and treatment plan for oral cancer. Wearers of dentures should also be recalled for periodic checks at regular intervals and optimum preventive measures implemented.
TL;DR: The ethanolic extract of Mimosa pudica linn was exhibited significant diuretic activity at doses of 100 and 200 mg kg(-1) b.wt.
Abstract: In that study, Mimosa pudica linn was tested for diuretic activity using the lipschitz test. The ethanolic and aqoues extract of Mimosa pudica Linn. was studied at two dose level 100 and 200 mg kg(-1) b.wt. Furosemide (20 mg kg(-1) b.wt.) was used as standard drug in a 0.9% saline solution. Urine volumes were measured for all the groups up to 5 h. The ethanolic extract of Mimosa pudica linn was exhibited significant diuretic activity at doses of 100 and 200 mg kg(-1) b.wt. by increasing total urine volume and ion concentration of Na+ k+ and Cl-.
TL;DR: Chebulic acid at both doses (25 and 50 mg/kg) improves biochemical alterations caused by renal ischemia in diabetic rats, and improvement in kidney was also noted in histopathological studies.
Abstract: Context: Diabetic nephropathy is one of the important microvascular complications of diabetes; however, the main problem remains is the control of progression of nephropathy in diabetes. Chebulic acid was selected, as tannins from Terminalia chebula are used as antidiabetic, renoprotective, antioxidant, hypotensive and an α-glucosidase inhibitor.Objective: In this study, we evaluated the effect of chebulic acid on ischemia reperfusion induced biochemical alteration in diabetic rats.Materials and methods: Chebulic acid (CA) was isolated from T. chebula; LD50 and acute toxicity studies of CA were done. Renal ischemia and reperfusion technique was used to induce nephropathy in diabetic rats. Glibenclamide (10 mg/kg) was used as diabetic standard; CA at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg were administered for 28 days and various biochemical parameters were monitored.Results: The LD50 was found to be 251 mg/kg; 25 and 50 mg/kg doses were selected as no toxic symptoms were observed at both doses, except slight diarrhea. ...
TL;DR: Attention is drawn to cyclin B1 overexpression is involved in early carcinogenesis, cell differentiation and tumor proliferation, as well as in histopathological variants of conventional oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Abstract: Background: Nuclear localization of cyclin B1 is an indicator for cells undergoing mitotic division, and the overexpression has shown promising results as a good prognostic predictor for patients of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Cyclin B1 overexpression among histological grades of conventional oral squamous cell carcinoma (COSCC), as well as comparison with verrucous carcinoma (VC) has been less investigated. Study Design: Immunohistochemical expression of cyclin B1 was compared with various clinicopathological features in 30 primary COSCC and 31 primary VC cases. Result: Cyclin B1 showed significant overexpression for some clinical features for both the variants of oral squamous cell carcinoma. In histopathological variants, statistical significance was observed among grades of COSCC, as well as COSCC and its grades with VC. The concomitant increase in cyclin B1 overexpression from VC to grades COSCC was observed. Conclusion: Our study findings draw attention to cyclin B1 overexpression is involved in early carcinogenesis, cell differentiation and tumor proliferation.
Key words:Cyclin B1, oral squamous cell carcinoma, verrucous carcinoma, head and neck cancer.
TL;DR: This unique case report highlights the clinical, radiographic, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings of an intraoral ERMS.
Abstract: An embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) is a primitive, malignant, soft tissue sarcoma that recapitulates the phenotypic and biological features of embryonic skeletal muscles. Occurrence of intraoral ERMS in adults is extremely rare. This unique case report highlights the clinical, radiographic, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings of an intraoral ERMS.
TL;DR: In this study, Aspirin and Clopidogrel were mostly prescribed in this hospital according to 2009 focused updates of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction.
Abstract: Aims: The objective of the study was to study the prescribing patterns of drugs used in the coronary artery disease (CAD) and to identify, which drug is mostly prescribed at that hospital. Settings and Design: This was a prospective observational survey including case series analysis of patients with CAD who met the inclusion criteria. It was conducted in the cardiology unit of multidisciplinary Tertiary Care Hospital in Kanpur. Materials and Methods: Data of patients who met the inclusion criteria was collected in specially designed case record forms. It was designed to include the patient data such as, demographics, risk factors, clinical and biochemical characteristics, procedures and investigations performed during the hospital stay, in-hospital and discharge drug therapy. Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive statistics were performed for baseline characteristics, risk factors and medication use. All the analyses were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16.0. Results: Subjects of age groups 65-74 (33.34%) were found to be more susceptible to CAD. In this study, we see that Aspirin, Clopidogrel and Statins were mostly prescribed in this hospital. Conclusions: In this study, Aspirin and Clopidogrel were mostly prescribed. According to 2009 focused updates of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction. So in this hospital prescription for CAD were according to the guideline.
TL;DR: Pregnant women had a higher incidence of gingivitis and pyogenic granuloma, and erosion of teeth due to vomiting was seen commonly in the 3 rd trimester, indicating that pregnancy had an effect on the oral condition.
Abstract: Aim: The numerous changes occurring during pregnancy affect every body system, resulting in localized physical alterations in almost all parts of the body, including the oral cavity. The aim of the present study was to find the incidence of oral conditions seen particularly in the pregnant women than in the nonpregnant women. Materials and Methods: The oral health condition of 120 pregnant women referred to the outpatient department of Jodhpur Dental College General Hospital from a gynecology clinic were examined and compared with 120 nonpregnant women. The pregnant women were divided in a 3 groups of 40 each, according to the stage of pregnancy. The common oral conditions seen during pregnancy were assessed. Results: Pregnant women had a higher incidence of gingivitis and pyogenic granuloma. Gingivitis and erosion of teeth due to vomiting was seen commonly in the 3 rd trimester. The results indicated that pregnancy had an effect on the oral condition, which was mainly due to the hormonal changes seen during this period rather than other factors. Conclusion: Women planning a pregnancy or those already pregnant should be informed about the role of oral health during pregnancy and the possible outcomes of these conditions for the welfare of their foetus. They should be referred to the dental clinician for necessary counselling for preventive oral self-care and treatment, if required.
TL;DR: The prevalence of pathological conditions associated with the third molar in the Western Indian population was 69.73%.
Abstract: Aim: The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the position of impacted third molars and to determine the prevalence and type of pathological conditions associated with these unerupted and retained teeth in the Western Indian population. Materials and Methods: A total of 5486 impacted third molars of 4133 patients were studied through the panoramic radiographs and clinical records to determine the position of the impacted third molars and for the presence of associated pathology. The ages of the patients ranged from 17 years to 67 years, with a mean of 33.7 years. The ratio of male to female patients was 1.8:1. The ratio of maxillary to mandibular molars was 1:1.6. Results: Pericoronitis was the most common associated pathology with the third molars (38.9%), followed by dental caries seen in 13.2% of the impacted teeth. Cystic and neoplastic changes were seen around 3.6% impacted teeth and 5.3% adjacent second molars had caries. Other pathologies were less frequent. Conclusion: The prevalence of pathological conditions associated with the third molar in the Western Indian population was 69.73%. Pericoronitis and caries were commonly seen in relation to the impacted third molars, whereas cystic pathology and root resorption were rarely observed. The fact that a considerable number of patients were asymptomatic indicating pathology is certainly worth considering.
TL;DR: The presence of pulp calcification does not seem to serve as a diagnostic marker for carotid atherosclerosis, and no significant relationship was found between the presence of the pulpal calcification and CAC in the ESRD patients who were on haemodialysis.
Abstract: Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the presence of pulp calcification and carotid artery calcification on the dental panoramic radiographs in End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients who were on haemodialysis.
Methods: A total of 112 End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients on who were haemodialysis participated in this study. The periapical and the panoramic radiographs for all the patients were evaluated for the presence or absence of the narrowing of the dental pulps and for pulp stones in the pulp chambers and the pulp canals. The panoramic radiographs were also evaluated to determine the carotid calcification.
Results: Carotid calcifications were detected in none of the patients. 84 (74.99%) patients had dental pulp narrowing, and 38 (33.92%) patients had pulp stones. There was no statistical correlation between pulp narrowing and Carotid Artery Calcification (CAC) in the haemodialysis patient group. There was also no statistical correlation between pulp stones and CAC in the haemodialysis patients.
Conclusion: However, the incidental finding of CAC on a panoramic radiograph can provide life-saving information for the vascular disease patients, but in the present study, no significant relationship was found between the presence of the pulpal calcification and CAC in the ESRD patients who were on haemodialysis. Therefore, the presence of pulp calcification does not seem to serve as a diagnostic marker for carotid atherosclerosis.
TL;DR: Ceramide 2 and palmitic acid played an important role in the formulation and promotes the drug permeation through stratum corneum and dermis and produces an optimum formulation.
Abstract: Context: Aceclofenac is an important NSAID; however, it causes GI disturbances whereas employing transdermal route would require permeation enhancer for systemic application, thereby causing skin damage. Ceramide 2 is a natural lipid having an important role in the maintenance of skin. Objective: Aceclofenac-loaded nanovesicles of ceramide-2, cholesterol, palmitic acid, and cholesteryl sulfate were formulated and analyzed for physical and biological properties. Materials and method: Film hydration method was used to prepare the vesicles and physical parameters, in vitro drug release and stability were evaluated. Then, they were formulated into gel and evaluated against a commercial formulation (CF) and gel-containing plain drug (CPG) for ex vivo, in vivo drug permeation, and anti-inflammatory activity. Results: The developed formulations showed best physical profile and ACV-1 gave 92.89% drug release in in vitro studies. Ex vivo studies showed drug permeation between 15.32–31.12 μg/cm2, whereas CPG and CF...
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The proposed method was found to be simple, specific, precise, and accurate, and can be applied for simultaneous estimation of Embelin and Gallic Acid in various Ayurvedic Churna formulations.
Abstract: Objectives: A new simple spectrophotometric method for simultaneous estimation of Embelin and Gallic Acid in Vidang, Harade and Vidangadi Churna was investigated. The λmax of Embelin and Gallic Acid were found to be 341 and 258 nm. Method: The graphical absorbance ratio method was used for simultaneous estimation of Embelin and Gallic acid in Vidangadi Churna, and the Isoabsorbtive point for simultaneous estimation of both the drug were found to be 307.5 nm. The method obeys Beers law in the concentration range from 2-12 μg/ml. The correlation coefficient was found to be 0.9973 for Embelin and 0.998 for Gallic Acid. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines. Results: The result of estimation of Embelin in Vidang, Gallic acid in Harade and both in Vidangadi Churna were found to be 1.05 percent, 1.04 percent, and 1.85. The proposed method was validated for linearity, accuracy and application for assay as per ICH guidelines. Conclusion: The study showed good reproducibility and recovery with percent RSD less than 2. So, the proposed method was found to be simple, specific, precise, and accurate. Hence it can be applied for simultaneous estimation of Embelin and Gallic Acid in various Ayurvedic Churna formulations. Key Word : Embelin, Vidang. Gallic Acid, Harade, Vidangadi Churna.
TL;DR: There is an urgent need to revise the tobacco curriculum in dental schools in India to make students more confident to practice this aspect of dentistry independently and show the perceived barriers were very high and included curriculum inadequacy.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the tobacco cessation knowledge, attitudes, practices, and perceived barriers of dental interns (students in their last year of the five-year dental curriculum) in India as well as to assess the adequacy of training in tobacco use cessation (TUC) counselling. This was a cross-sectional questionnaire study conducted with 1,521 interns at fiftyone dental colleges of India selected by multistage random sampling. The survey instrument was a fifty-nine-item, self-structured, and self-administered questionnaire. Fifteen questions were about knowledge and attitudes, with twenty-two about practices, fifteen about barriers, and seven about curriculum adequacy; demographic data were also collected. The response rate was 99.7 percent. The results showed that 38.8 percent had knowledge, 30.8 percent had positive attitudes, 19.2 percent practiced TUC, 43 percent experienced barriers, and 85.2 percent agreed on receiving extensive curriculum on tobacco cessation. Only 1 percent were aware of the 5As, the 5Rs protocol, and the motivational interviewing technique of TUC. These respondents' knowledge, attitudes, and practices were below normative level, and they took a superficial approach to TUC. The perceived barriers were very high and included curriculum inadequacy. The results of this study help show there is an urgent need to revise the tobacco curriculum in dental schools in India to make students more confident to practice this aspect of dentistry independently.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The results suggested that the ethanolic extract of leaves of Cinnamomum tamala can be used in treatment of dalayed wound healing in diabetic rats.
Abstract: Objective: Diabetes is a chronic hyperglycemic metabolic disorder; leads to generates many complications including delay in wound healing after any injury. These non healing wound ends upto organ or limb salvage. The available modern allopathic medications are not able to full control over these complications. There are several evidences that complication associated with diabetes can easily be treated by using herbal or folklore medicines. The leaves of Cinnamomum tamala used by traditional peoples in the treatment of hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and associated wound healing problems. The aim of our study was to find the active extract from various extracts of C. tamala leaves responcible for wound healing activity in diabetic rats. Methods: The wistar albino rats were made diabetic by single i.p. injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). The excision, incision and dead space wound were created on back side of rats. The ethanolic extract of C. tamala leaves of ethanolic extract of leaves of Cinnamomum tamala was applied topically in excision wound model while in incision and dead space wound model the ethanolic extract of C. tamala leaves (100 mg/kg) was give orally for 16 days. Results: In the excision wound model the wound area and day of epithelization both were significantly decreased in ethanolic extract of C. tamala leaves treated rats. In incision wound model the significantly higher tensile strength was observed in rats treaded orally with ethanolic extract treated. There were significant increase in weight of wet & dry granulation tissue with increased amount of hydroxyproline, collagen and elastin was observed in treated rats by ethanolic extract of C. tamala leaves Conclusion: The results suggested that the ethanolic extract of leaves of Cinnamomum tamala can be used in treatment of dalayed wound healing in diabetic rats. Key Words: Cinnamomum tamala , Collagen, Diabetes, Granulation, Hydroxyproline, Tensile strength, Wound healing
TL;DR: Careful observation during the routine dental examination can help in the early diagnosis of talon cusp and associated anomalies and can help prevent the associated treatment problems and further complications.
Abstract: Aim: Talon cusp is an uncommon dental anomaly seen commonly in the maxillary anterior. Mostly asymptomatic, it can result in functional and esthetic problems. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of talon cusp in the North Indian population. Materials and Methods: The data was collected from the radiographic examination of 6048 periapical films showing 18,754 teeth from a random sample of 3320 patients attending the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology. A tooth with a superimposed V-shape radiopaque structure was considered having a talon cusp. Results: Talon cusp was detected in 122 teeth with a tooth prevalence of 0.65. Maxillary lateral incisors were the most commonly affected teeth (86 teeth, 70.5%), followed by maxillary canines (24 teeth, 19.7%) and maxillary central incisors (12 teeth, 9.8%). None of the patients had talon cusp in the mandibular teeth. The person prevalence was estimated at 2.95. Bilateral talon cusp was found in 24 patients. Conclusion: Talon's cusp is a rare clinically evident dental anomaly. Careful observation during the routine dental examination can help in the early diagnosis of talon cusp and associated anomalies. This can help prevent the associated treatment problems and further complications.
09 Aug 2013
TL;DR: In this article, the in vivo antioxidant activity of newly formulated O/W cream of methanolic extract of Cassia tora L. leaves was evaluated in UV-B-induced psoriasis in the rat.
Abstract: Objective. The aim of study was to determine the in vivo antioxidant activity of newly formulated O/W cream of methanolic extract of Cassia tora L. leaves. Methods. Oil in water (O/W) creams (0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2%), cream base, methanolic extract of C. tora L. leaves (CTM), and standard (0.05% tretinoin cream) were screened for in vivo antioxidant activity. The ultraviolet- (UV-) B-induced rats were treated with different standard, O/W creams, cream base, and methanolic extract of Cassia tora L. leaves (CTM). The parameters like lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) levels were assessed. Results. The result of acute dermal toxicity shows that the creams were safe up to 2000 mg/kg (topically). Exposure of ultraviolet light of medium wave (UV-B light) decreased the level of GSH, CAT, and SOD and increased the LPO level. Concluding Remarks. We conclude that topical O/W creams of C. tora L. prevent the oxidative stress induced in rats by exposure to UV-B light by virtue of its in vivo antioxidant property, and these findings help to understand the mechanism of the antipsoriatic activity of O/W creams of C. tora L. in UV-B-induced psoriasis in the rat.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavanoids, tannins, carbohydrates, steroids and absence of saponins in the ethanolic extract of A. occidentale, useful in establishing a relationship between chemical composition of the leaf extract and previously reported activities.
Abstract: Plants have been the basis of many traditional medicines throughout the world for thousands of years and continue to provide new remedies to mankind. Anacardium occidentale belongs to the family Anacardiaceae. The leaves possess antidiabetic, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory activities. Present work aims to highlight the pharmacognostical and phytochemical, standards of leaves of A. occidentale. The ethanolic extract was prepared by soxhlet apparatus. The total ash value, acid insoluble ash value, water soluble ash value, extractive values, loss of drying, fluorescence characters and phytochemical studies were performed. The total ash value, acid insoluble ash value, and water soluble ash value were found 4.85%,0.97% and 4.9% respectively The screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavanoids, tannins, carbohydrates, steroids and absence of saponins in the ethanolic extract of A. occidentale. The findings are useful in establishing a relationship between chemical composition of the leaf extract and previously reported activities of A. occidentale.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of starch and guar gum 4000 on disintegrating time and dissolution behavior of drug Zolmitriptan from fast dissolving tablet (FDT) was prepared by direct compression method The precompression parameters were evaluated with subjected to angle of repose, bulk and tapped density, hausner's ratio and Carr's index and all were within limit The prepared tablets were evaluated for thickness, uniformity of content, hardness, friability, wetting time and in vitro disintegration time.
Abstract: The aim of this study is to find the effect of starch and guar gum 4000 on disintegrating time and dissolution behavior of drug Zolmitriptan from fast dissolving tablet (FDT) The FDT was prepared by direct compression method The precompression parameters were evaluated with subjected to angle of repose, bulk and tapped density, hausner’s ratio and Carr’s index and all were within limit The prepared tablets were evaluated for thickness, uniformity of content, hardness, friability, wetting time and in vitro disintegration time and in vivo release of drug The in vitro release and assay of drug was performance by UV spectrophotometer The in vivo study reveals that when guar gum (5%) and starch (10%) were used in formulation, the plasma concentration of drug was increased because, it disintegrate tablet rapidly and drug was released rapidly from dosage form and reach quickly in to systemic circulation resultant bioavailability is increased
Posted Content•
TL;DR: Work-life balance was first coined in 1986 in reaction to the unhealthy choices that many Americans were making in favour of the work place, as they opted to neglect family, friends and leisure activities in the pursuit of corporate / work goals as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In the last few decades, there has been a dramatic increase in the amount of research devoted to understanding the linkages between work and family and/or personal life. The term ‘Work-life Balance’ was first coined in 1986 in reaction to the unhealthy choices that many Americans were making in favour of the work place, as they opted to neglect family, friends and leisure activities in the pursuit of corporate / work goals Medical professionals must endure an enormous amount of work-related stress. They have to be correct in all decisions. If they are wrong, a life could be lost. In addition, they have to be prepared to leave what they are doing at a moment’s notice to attend to a medical emergency. Also, there is a multitude of conflicting calls for their attention during a standard workday. Indeed, the profession is so stricken with “wounded healers” that the care of physicians has become a large field of work.
TL;DR: An anxiolytic or antipanic or antianxiety agent is a drug used for the treatment of anxiety, and its related psychological and physical symptoms.
Abstract: Everyone experiences anxiety at one time or another "butterflies in the stomach" before giving a speech or sweaty palms during a job interview are common symptoms. Other symptoms of anxiety include irritability, uneasiness, jumpiness, feelings of apprehension, rapid or irregular heartbeat, stomach ache, nausea, faintness and breathing problems. An anxiolytic or antipanic or antianxiety agent is a drug used for the treatment of anxiety, and its related psychological and physical symptoms. Anxiolytics have been shown to be useful in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Beta-receptor blockers such as propranolol and oxprenolol, although not anxiolytics, can be used to combat the somatic symptoms of anxiety. Anxiolytics are also known as minor tranquilizers. The term is less common in modern texts, and was originally derived from a dichotomy with major tranquilizers, also known as neuroleptics or antipsychotics.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The endothelin family of proteins and receptors and their role in the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertensive diseases, including pulmonary arterial hypertension, systemic hypertension, and heart failure are discussed.
Abstract: Increasing numbers of experimental investigations and recently also of clinical trials strongly suggest an integral involvement of the endothelin (ET) system in the pathophysiology of a variety of disease states, mainly of the cardiovascular system.Ambrisentan (LU 208075)approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2007, a selective ETA-receptor antagonist, is an orally active diphenyl propionic acid derivative that was recently approved for treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in patients with World Health Organization class II or III symptoms.. It has been shown to have a very promising efficacy to safety ratio in the initial clinical trials. Phase II and Phase III trials with ambrisentan in pulmonary arterial hypertension have been performed. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and progressive disease of the pulmonary arterial circulation that is characterized by a progressive rise in pulmonary vascular resistance, eventually leading to right-heart failure and death. Endothelin (ET) is a potent vasoconstrictor with mitogenic, hypertrophic and pro-inflammatory properties. Therefore, blockade of ET receptors has been suggested as an attractive target in a number of acute and chronic cardiovascular indications, including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), systemic hypertension, and heart failure. In Phase III clinical trials in patients with PAH, ambrisentan (2.5–10 mg orally once-daily) improved exercise capacity, time to clinical worsening, WHO functional class, and quality of life compared with placebo. This review discusses the endothelin family of proteins and receptors and their role in the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertensive diseases.