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Institution

John Radcliffe Hospital

HealthcareOxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
About: John Radcliffe Hospital is a healthcare organization based out in Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Antigen. The organization has 14491 authors who have published 23670 publications receiving 1459015 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A community randomized, controlled trial of permethrin treated bednets among a rural population on the Kenyan Coast assessed the impact of ITBN on child survival under different epidemiological and cultural conditions.
Abstract: New tools to prevent malaria morbidity and mortality are needed to improve child survival in sub-Saharan Africa. Insecticide treated bednets (ITBN) have been shown, in one setting (The Gambia, West Africa), to reduce childhood mortality. To assess the impact of ITBN on child survival under different epidemiological and cultural conditions we conducted a community randomized, controlled trial of permethrin treated bednets (0.5 g/m2) among a rural population on the Kenyan Coast. Between 1991 and 1993 continuous community-based demographic surveillance linked to hospital-based in-patient surveillance identified all mortality and severe malaria morbidity events during a 2-year period among a population of over 11000 children under 5 years of age. In July 1993, 28 randomly selected communities were issued ITBN, instructed in their use and the nets re-impregnated every 6 months. The remaining 28 communities served as contemporaneous controls for the following 2 years, during which continuous demographic and hospital surveillance was maintained until the end of July 1995. The introduction of ITBN led to significant reductions in childhood mortality (PE 33%, CI 7-51%) and severe, life-threatening malaria among children aged 1-59 months (PE 44%, CI 19-62). These findings confirm the value of ITBN in improving child survival and provide the first evidence of their specific role in reducing severe morbidity from malaria.

484 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
18 Mar 1993-Nature
TL;DR: The use of liposomes is reported to deliver a CFTR expression plasmid to epithelia of the airway and to alveoli deep in the lung, leading to the correction of the ion conductance defects found in the trachea of transgenic (cf/cf) mice, illustrating the feasibility of gene therapy for the pulmonary aspects of CF in humans.
Abstract: CYSTIC fibrosis (CF) is a lethal inherited disorder affecting about 1 in 2,000 Caucasians. The major cause of morbidity is permanent lung damage resulting from ion transport abnormalities in airway epithelia that lead to mucus accumulation and bacterial colonization. CF is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene1 that encodes a cyclic-AMP-regulated chloride channel2,3. Cyclic-AMP-regulated chloride conductances are altered in airway epithelia from CF patients4–6, suggesting that the functional expression of CFTR in the airways of CF patients may be a strategy for treatment. Transgenic mice7–9 with a disrupted cftr gene are appropriate for testing gene therapy protocols. Here we report the use of liposomes to deliver a CFTR expression plasmid to epithelia of the airway and to alveoli deep in the lung, leading to the correction of the ion conductance defects found in the trachea of transgenic (cf/cf) mice. These studies illustrate the feasibility of gene therapy for the pulmonary aspects of CF in humans.

483 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is argued that malaria selection has operated relatively recently on human populations (within the last 5000 years) and the present distribution of haemoglobinopathies is seen as the result of selection elevating sporadic mutations in local populations.
Abstract: The haemoglobinopathies are the commonest single-gene disorders known, almost certainly because of the protection they provide against malaria, as attested by a number of observations. The geographical distributions of malaria and haemoglobinopathies largely overlap, and microepidemiological surveys confirm the close relationship between them. For two of the commonest disorders, haemoglobin S and alpha(+)-thalassaemia, there is also good clinical evidence for protection against malaria morbidity. However, not all the evidence appears to support this view. In some parts of the world malaria and haemoglobinopathies are not, and never have been, coexistent. It is also difficult to explain why the majority of haemoglobinopathies appear to be recent mutations and are regionally specific. Here we argue that these apparent inconsistencies in the malaria hypothesis are the result of processes such as genetic drift and migration and of demographic changes that have occurred during the past 10,000 years. When these factors are taken into account, selection by malaria remains the force responsible for the prevalence of the haemoglobinopathies.

483 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
11 Jul 2008-Cell
TL;DR: It is shown that multiple proteins play a role in generating increased rigidity of infected erythrocytes and may provide targets for antivirulence based therapies to a disease responsible for millions of deaths annually.

483 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: MRI findings of neuromyelitis optica and its spectrum disorder (NMOSD) are reviewed, finding brain, optic nerve, and spinal cord MRI findings of NMOSD to be of increased interest.
Abstract: Since its initial reports in the 19th century, neuromyelitis optica (NMO) had been thought to involve only the optic nerves and spinal cord. However, the discovery of highly specific anti-aquaporin-4 antibody diagnostic biomarker for NMO enabled recognition of more diverse clinical spectrum of manifestations. Brain MRI abnormalities in patients seropositive for anti-aquaporin-4 antibody are common and some may be relatively unique by virtue of localization and configuration. Some seropositive patients present with brain involvement during their first attack and/or continue to relapse in the same location without optic nerve and spinal cord involvement. Thus, characteristics of brain abnormalities in such patients have become of increased interest. In this regard, MRI has an increasingly important role in the differential diagnosis of NMO and its spectrum disorder (NMOSD), particularly from multiple sclerosis. Differentiating these conditions is of prime importance because early initiation of effective immunosuppressive therapy is the key to preventing attack-related disability in NMOSD, whereas some disease-modifying drugs for multiple sclerosis may exacerbate the disease. Therefore, identifying the MRI features suggestive of NMOSD has diagnostic and prognostic implications. We herein review the brain, optic nerve, and spinal cord MRI findings of NMOSD.

482 citations


Authors

Showing all 14542 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Douglas G. Altman2531001680344
Salim Yusuf2311439252912
David J. Hunter2131836207050
Mark I. McCarthy2001028187898
Stuart H. Orkin186715112182
Richard Peto183683231434
Ralph M. Steinman171453121518
Adrian L. Harris1701084120365
Rory Collins162489193407
Nicholas J. White1611352104539
David W. Johnson1602714140778
David Cella1561258106402
Edmund T. Rolls15361277928
Martin A. Nowak14859194394
Kypros H. Nicolaides147130287091
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202311
202252
20211,048
20201,013
2019916
2018773