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Institution

John Radcliffe Hospital

HealthcareOxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
About: John Radcliffe Hospital is a healthcare organization based out in Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Antigen. The organization has 14491 authors who have published 23670 publications receiving 1459015 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that a group-based cognitive-behavioural parenting programme, delivered by well-trained and supervised staff, can be effective in a community voluntary-sector setting, for reducing conduct problems and enhancing parenting skills.
Abstract: Background: To test effectiveness of a parenting intervention, delivered in a community-based voluntary-sector organisation, for reducing conduct problems in clinically-referred children. Methods: Randomised controlled trial, follow-up at 6, 18 months, assessors blind to treatment status. Participants )76 children referred for conduct problems, aged 2–9, primarily low-income families, randomised to treatment vs. 6-month wait-list group. Retention was 93% at 6 months, 90% at 18 months. Interventions – Webster-Stratton Incredible Years video-based 14-week group programme, teaches cognitive-behavioural principles for managing behaviour, using a collaborative, practical, problem-solving approach. Primary outcomes – child problem behaviour by parent-report (Eyberg) and home-based direct observation; secondary outcomes – observed positive and negative parenting; parent-reported parenting skill, confidence and depression. Results: Post-treatment improvements were found in child problem behaviour, by parent-report (effect size (ES) .48, p ¼ .05) and direct observation (ES .78, p ¼ .02); child independent play (ES .77, p ¼ .003); observed negative (ES .74, p ¼ .003) and positive (ES .38, p ¼ .04) parenting; parent-reported confidence (ES .40, p ¼ .03) and skill (ES .65, p ¼ .01), using ANCOVA to control for baseline scores. Maternal depression did not change. Consumer satisfaction was high. At 18-month follow-up, although no randomised comparison was possible, changes appeared to maintain, with no significant change toward baseline level on any measure. Change in observed positive parenting appeared to mediate change in child problem behaviour (p < .025). Conclusions: Findings suggest that a group-based cognitive-behavioural parenting programme, delivered by well-trained and supervised staff, can be effective in a community voluntarysector setting, for reducing conduct problems and enhancing parenting skills. Change in parenting skill appears to be a key mechanism for change in child behaviour. Findings have implications for feasibility of translating evidence-based programmes, even for clinically-referred conduct problems, into less specialised community settings, likely to have lower costs and be more accessible for families. Keywords: Parenting, conduct problems, trial (randomised), mediator, voluntary sector. Abbreviations: FNN: Family Nurturing Network.

440 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Gavin Sacks and colleagues draw attention to substantial and contrasting changes in the maternal innate system and hypothesize that its function and that of monocytes in particular, has a central role in the mothers-fetal relationship.

439 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Regulatory T cells are expanded in patients with TB and may contribute to suppression of Th1-type immune responses.
Abstract: Rationale: T-cell responses during tuberculosis (TB) help contain Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vivo but also cause collateral damage to host tissues. Immune regulatory mechanisms may limit this immunopathology, and suppressed cellular immune responses in patients with TB suggest the presence of regulatory activity. CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells mediate suppressed cellular immunity in several chronic infections but have not been described in TB.Objective: To determine whether regulatory T cells are increased in patients with TB and whether they suppress cellular immune responses.Methods: We compared the frequency of circulating regulatory T cells in 27 untreated patients with TB and 23 healthy control subjects using two specific markers: cell-surface CD25 expression and FoxP3 mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Measurements and Main Results: We detected a threefold increase in the frequency of CD4+CD25high T cells (p < 0.001) and a 2.2-fold increase in FoxP3 expression (p = 0.006) in p...

438 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Ex vivo analysis of cross-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cell responses to overlapping peptides spanning the full proteome of influenza A and influenza A in healthy individuals from the United Kingdom and Viet Nam shows that vaccine formulas inducing heterosubtypic T cell-mediated immunity may confer broad protection against avian and human influenza A viruses.
Abstract: The threat of avian influenza A (H5N1) infection in humans remains a global health concern. Current influenza vaccines stimulate antibody responses against the surface glycoproteins but are ineffective against strains that have undergone significant antigenic variation. An alternative approach is to stimulate pre-existing memory T cells established by seasonal human influenza A infection that could cross-react with H5N1 by targeting highly conserved internal proteins. To determine how common cross-reactive T cells are, we performed a comprehensive ex vivo analysis of cross-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cell responses to overlapping peptides spanning the full proteome of influenza A/Viet Nam/CL26/2005 (H5N1) and influenza A/New York/232/2004 (H3N2) in healthy individuals from the United Kingdom and Viet Nam. Memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells isolated from the majority of participants exhibited human influenza-specific responses and showed cross-recognition of at least one H5N1 internal protein. Participant CD4+ and CD8+ T cells recognized multiple synthesized influenza peptides, including peptides from the H5N1 strain. Matrix protein 1 (M1) and nucleoprotein (NP) were the immunodominant targets of cross-recognition. In addition, cross-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells recognized target cells infected with recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing either H5N1 M1 or NP. Thus, vaccine formulas inducing heterosubtypic T cell-mediated immunity may confer broad protection against avian and human influenza A viruses.

437 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The human AC133 antigen shows the features characteristic of mouse prominin in epithelial and transfected non-epithelial cells, i.e. a selective association with apical microvilli and plasma membrane protrusions, respectively.

437 citations


Authors

Showing all 14542 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Douglas G. Altman2531001680344
Salim Yusuf2311439252912
David J. Hunter2131836207050
Mark I. McCarthy2001028187898
Stuart H. Orkin186715112182
Richard Peto183683231434
Ralph M. Steinman171453121518
Adrian L. Harris1701084120365
Rory Collins162489193407
Nicholas J. White1611352104539
David W. Johnson1602714140778
David Cella1561258106402
Edmund T. Rolls15361277928
Martin A. Nowak14859194394
Kypros H. Nicolaides147130287091
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202311
202252
20211,048
20201,013
2019916
2018773