Jordan University of Science and Technology

About: Jordan University of Science and Technology is a education organization based out in Irbid, Irbid, Jordan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 7582 authors who have published 13166 publications receiving 298158 citations. The organization is also known as: JUST.

COVID-19 Crisis in Jordan: Response, Scenarios, Strategies, and Recommendations.

Abstract: As of April 12, 2020, a total of 389 cases of coronavirus disease were confirmed in Jordan. To control this imminent threat, Jordan has enforced public health infection prevention and control measures, called for social distancing, seized all forms of inbound and outbound movement and international travel, and enacted the Defence Law that transferred the authority to the Minister of Defence to work and formulate orders according to the situation. In an effort to support the government in anticipating the requirements of the health system in the upcoming period, an in-depth reflection and examination of different scenarios of the disease spread were developed. This viewpoint suggests different strategies and measures for case detection and contact tracing, clinical management of cases, public health system functioning, and civil society organizations' contribution. It is necessary to accelerate containment of the disease to protect the economy and to maintain the continuity of some activities to mitigate the subsequent social, economic, and financial impacts. This requires finding a coping mechanism for a period that may be prolonged until laboratories develop a vaccine. Specifically, it is strongly recommended to promote community health awareness toward public health prevention and control measures, increase the efficiency and comprehensiveness of the epidemiological investigation and active and passive surveillance, and employ technology and digital health solutions to track cases and contacts. It is also recommended to increase and expand resources of intensive care units including respirators, increase the capacity and the number of trained health staff in the area of public health and epidemiology, ensure continued provision of essential public health programs, and mobilize the resources of nongovernmental sectors and donors to provide services for refugees and vulnerable populations.

Immediate vs. delayed treatment of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis with penicillin V.

Abstract: Three hundred six children with probable Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis were enrolled in a randomized double blind trial to compare the effects of immediate vs. delayed treatment with oral penicillin V. Among the 229 culture-positive patients, 111 were randomly assigned to receive penicillin V immediately and 118 to receive a placebo for 48 to 52 hours followed by penicillin V. Patients were evaluated clinically for 48 to 52 hours following initiation of treatment. The Streptozyme test was used to measure acute to convalescent antibody titer. Both regimens resulted in a greater than 92% cure rate. Early treatment was associated with significantly fewer and milder signs and symptoms on Day 3 and a significantly lower rise in the antibody titer. On the other hand we found 8 (7%) relapses and 18 (16%) early and 14 (13%) late recurrences in this group; all were significantly higher than the corresponding numbers of 2 (2%), 6 (5%) and 4 (3%), respectively, in the late treatment group. This study shows the beneficial effect of early treatment with penicillin V on the clinical course of Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis. This study also shows that delayed penicillin treatment may be associated with a lower incidence of subsequent Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis.

Clinical Comparison of Conventional Testicular Sperm Extraction and Microdissection Techniques for Non-Obstructive Azoospermia

Abstract: Background : We compared the efficacy of microdissection testicular sperm extraction (microdissection TESE) and conventional TESE in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) and related the positive sperm recovery to certain variables: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, testicular volume and histology. Methods : Sperm retrieval rates (SRR) in patients with NOA who underwent microdissection TESE (n = 65) or conventional TESE (n = 68) were compared and related to the different variables. Results : SRR by microdissection TESE (56.9%) was significantly higher than conventional TESE (38.2%). There was a positive relation between the SRR and increased testicular volume or decreased FSH levels. No effect of Testosterone or Prolactin levels on SRR by using either technique was observed. Sperm were recovered from those with hypospermatogenesis in 84% and 92.9% by conventional and microdissection TESE, respectively (P = 0.3). In cases of maturation arrest the SRR was 27.3% and 36.4%, respectively (P = 0.6). In cases of Sertoli-cell-only syndrome (SCOS) the SRR was 6.2% and 26.9%, respectively (P = 0.03). No major operative complications occurred in any patient in either group, and no patient required post-operative hormone replacement to treat hypogonadism. Conclusions : Microdissection TESE significantly had twice better probability of success of SRR when compared to conventional TESE. No secure pre-operative prognostic elements of sperm recovery exist for NOA patients. Microdissection TESE appears to be recommendable in cases of atrophied testicles, high FSH concentration, or when SCOS with high FSH concentration can be predicted. doi:10.4021/jocmr542w

Oral health behaviors of children in low and high socioeconomic status families.

Abstract: Purpose: This prospective longitudinal study compared the patterns of oral health behav- iors between low and high socioeconomic status (SES) families participating in the Iowa Fluoride Study for a period of 9 years. Methods: Information on oral health behaviors, including consumption of juices/juice drinks, soda pop, and powder-based drinks, dental visits, and tooth-brushing frequency, was collected longitudinally at periodic intervals from 6 to 108 months of age. Dental exams were conducted at 5 and 9 years of age. Classifi cation of low socioeconomic status (SES; n=70) and high-SES (n=128) children was based on baseline family income and mothers' education levels, with middle SES excluded. Results: Low SES children consistently had signifi cantly greater consumption of soda pop and powder-based beverages. There were, however, virtually no differences at any time point between groups in: (1) tooth-brushing frequency; (2) use of dentifrice; or (3) fl uoride concentration in drinking water. Furthermore, the mean number of decayed and fi lled surfaces was signifi cantly higher in the low-SES group. Conclusions: Results suggest that beverage consumption patterns are a key difference between high- and low-socioeconomic status families and could in part explain differences in caries experience between subjects of different SES. Modifi cation of the pattern of soda pop and powder-based beverage consumption in the low-SES groups might reduce their caries experience. (Pediatr Dent 2006;28:310-315)